Akajekesa absolutism muRussia

Pane imwe nhanho mukududzirwa kwenyika dzeEurope, imwe nzira yehurumende yakasimuka , iyo inonzi "kujekeswa kwemhedziso." Idzo pfungwa dzeChiedza dzakange dzine simba guru pakuumbwa uye kukurudzirwa kwekwaniso chetendism.

Chiedza chekutendeseka muRussia chakaedza kudzivisa matambudziko akadai sekirasi kusina kufanana, basa rakawandisa rechechi mumamiriro ekufungidzira, kusagadzikana kwesimba. Chiedza chekutendeseka chakavimbiswa zvikuru pamutemo we "kodzero dzekodzero" kodzero, dzakadai sokuenzana, rusununguko, kodzero yehupfumi hwehupfumi.

Chiedza cheEstututism chakanyora chirevo chekuvandudza kwaizoita kutonga kwe "mutemo unonzwisisika" pasi pekutungamirirwa kwe "mambo akajekeswa". Kujekeswa kwemhedziso muRussia kwakatora kuzadzika kwekanakisiro ye "kunaka kwevanhu vose", i.e. Kuve nehupfumi hwehupfumi, kuchengeteka kwemarudzi uye hukama hwevanhu.

Apo muEurope mazano ekutenderedzwa kwemhedziso akatungamirirwa, muRussia simba guru rakatsvaka kupedzisa nyika, kusimbisa zvekutengeserana uye kufambira mberi mumhizha. Izvo zvakava pachena kudikanwa kwekuunza hutungamiri huri maererano nehutano hwepasi uye "mweya wezvenguva". Izvi zvaiva kusimbisa simba risingaperi ramambo.

Kujekeswa kwetendism muRussia kwakashandiswa senzira yekugadzirisa kusangana kwevanhu uye kuderedza dambudziko munharaunda yakaderera yevanhu.

Mukuwedzera, panguva iyo Russia yakataura basa guru munharaunda yepasi rose, naizvozvo Catherine II akashandisa mazwi uye zvitendero, kwete chisimba.

Asi mhedziso yechiedza muRussia yakaedzwa kuti iite pane imwe nyika isina kugadzirirwa. Nharaunda haisati yaibva kubvuma zvitendero zvakadaro uye kuzviita. Kwakange kusina zvekunamata zvaidiwa zvekushandura kune imwe nzira yehurumende. Izvo zvizhinji zvevanhu vakanga vasina kujekeswa, bourgeoisie yenyika yakanga isiri kurepo, hutungamiri hwehurumende hwakatonga munharaunda. Kubudirira kwevanhu kwakakanganiswa nemhando yehurumende. Kutonga kwakakwana kweMambo pamusoro pezviratidzo zvose zvehupenyu hwevanhu, izvo zvaisingadi kusiya chero chikamu chesimba rake pachake, zvakatungamirira kukuti kujekeswa kwemhedutism muRussia kwakakakavhiringidza zvikuru.

Iko kune pfungwa yokuti nerubatsiro rwechiitiko ichi Catherine II akaedza kutsausa Europe. Kuvanza simba rechokwadi re simba rayo - ndicho chaiva chinangwa. Catherine II uye akajekeswa absolutism inobatanidza hurumende yePro-rushe uye pfungwa dzakasununguka.

Catherine II aiva chimiro chepamusoro chemhedziso yechiedza. Munzira dzakawanda, mutemo uyu waiva kuratidza maonero avo uye unhu hwemambokadzi. Yakanga iri kupfuurira kwemabasa ekufambira mberi aPeter I, kuedza kusimbisa simba reRussia.

Catherine II aiva munhu anoyevedza. Akarayira miitiro yakawanda yekudzidza Russia: akashingaira kudzidzisa mutauro, nhoroondo uye tsika. Panguva imwecheteyo aifarira pfungwa dzeFrench Chiedza. Vamwe vavo vakawana kupindura kwechokwadi kumudzimai weRussia. Nokudaro, zviitiko zve absolutism muRussia zvakabatana chaizvo neunhu hwake.

Catherine II akanzwisisa zvakajeka kuti vatungamiri vaisazobayira kodzero dzavo nepfuma yavo, asi panguva imwechete vakatongerwa serfdom. Somugumisiro, achitya kuzvichengetedza kwake nesimba rake, mhandara yakaita sarudzo mukufarira umambo hwakabudirira, uye kwete kubudirira kwezvinhu zvakasununguka. Somugumisiro, zviyero izvi muRussia zvakabatanidzwa kusimbisa hurumende kuburikidza nehuwandu hwehutungamiri hwehurumende. Panguva imwecheteyo, kodzero dzevakuru dzakaparadzaniswa zvisingaregi, dzaive dzichienderera mberi dzikava chikoro chaicho chakajekeswa. Nekubatsirwa kwehutano hwezviyero muRussia, tsika dzeEurope uye dzidzo yakawedzerwa. Simba reRussia kune dzimwe nyika rave richikura zvishoma nezvishoma.