Kutya kukuru

The Red Terror muRussia yakanga yakagadzirirwa matanho ayo Bolshevik akashandisa panguva yeHondo Yenyika ye1917-23. Iyi hurumende yakashandurwa kune iyo mapoka emagariro evanhu akataurirwa kirasi vavengi, pamwe chete nevaya vaipomerwa mhosva yekupikisa. The Red Terror yaiva chikamu chisingaparadzanwi chemugadziro wenyika unodzvinyirirwa wakateverwa neBolshevik. Mukuita, izvi zvakaoma zvekutora chirango zvakashandiswa nekushandiswa kwemitemo yepamutemo, uye nekushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana izvo zvisati zviri mumutemo chero upi zvawo. The Red Terror yaiva nzira yekutyisidzira kwete maitiro anorwa neBolshevik, asiwo vanhu vanogara.

Nhasi, nheyo yezviyero zvinoshandiswa ine tsanangudzo mbiri.

Vamwe vanyori venhoroondo vanofunga kuti Red Terror inosanganisira mutemo wose wekudzvinyirira uye lynching muna 1917. Mukuona kwavo, kuoma uku kwezviyero mune imwe nzira kwakaramba muna October Revolution. Vanyori vezvakaitika kare vanotaura kuti White uye Red Terror yakatanga panguva dzakasiyana. Muchiitiko ichi, wechipiri yakagadzirwa mberi kune yekutanga. Iro Red Terror yaifungidzirwa sechinhu chisingazvidziviriki uye yakabatanidzwa nechisimba cheBolshevik, risingatauri zvakanyanya kurwisana nekushorwa nemasangano ose evanhu akaiswa pasi. Chokutanga pane zvose, vaisanganisira vatungamiri neCossacks, vanotora uye vaprista, vatariri nevatenzi.

Imwe chikamu chevanyori venhau dzakaitika inofunga Bolshevik kutya kuti inomanikidzwa uye yakawandisa chiyero, mhinduro uye kudzivirirwa kwekuzvidzivirira pamusoro peChite terror.

Utungamiri hweCommunist Party pamwe chete naLenin zvikurukuru vakataura zvinopesana ne "kuzvininipisa" mukuita kune zviito zvevanopesana nevanoronga. Panguva imwecheteyo, Vladimir Ilyich akakurudzira zvakasimba "kuonekwa kwechimiro uye simba rekutya", achichitumidza kuti "chinangwa chevanhu vazhinji chakarurama." Pamwe chete neizvi, mune mamwe mazwi aLenin, pane chikonzero chekudzivisa "mitsara yakaipa, isina kururama uye isina kumira."

Vakawanda vanofunga uye vanyori venhau dzakaitika, kunyanya Kautsky, vakatsoropodza maitiro ehurumende itsva, maitiro ayo nemitemo yakatorwa navo. Zvakanga zvataurwa kuti mushure mekuvandudzwa kweBolshevik yakanga isiri kushandiswa kwechirwere chekufa. Mushure mokunge vatora simba, hurumende yakatanga kushandisa mashomanana ekuuraya. Lenin, mukukwikwidza pfungwa iyi, akazozivisa kuti vaBolshevik vakanga vasingapikisani kuurayiwa. Mubvunzo, mumaonero ake, wakanga wakasiyana. Achiratidza kuti hapana hurumende inenge isingashandisi pasina kuurayiwa, zvinokosha kugadzirisa chete nyaya nekirasi iyo inotorwa.

Mushure mokunge vatora simba, vaBolshevik mumaguta makuru enyika vakatanga kuzivisa marxist kuchinja kwehupfumi. Panguva imwecheteyo, kuchinjwa kwaive kwakagadzirirwa kutorwa kweimba inowanikwa kune vagari, kushandiswa kwevanhu kuti vaone kuti hurongwa hwekugadzirisa hurumende hwehutano huchikurumidza.

Lenin aidavira kuti zvakanga zvakafanira kutora matanho akasimba pamusoro pezvinhu zvakasara kune vehutungamiri. Zvose izvi, maonero ake, zvinofanira kuvezve kudzidziswa kuburikidza nenzira dzakasiyana.

Zuva rekugadzwa kwekuzivisa kweRed Terror raiva musi waSeptember 5, 1918. Yakagadziriswa musi waNovember 6 wegore iroro.

Kudzokorora kwaiitwa nenhengo dzeCheka kurwisana ne-revolutionary manifestations, mhaka uye mafungiro muhofisi, pamwe chete ne "shamwari dzepamutemo dzeChechi" (pasi pechisarudzo chaicho).

Nhungamiro yebasa rezvikamu zvekuranga yakaumbwa zvakanyatsonaka muIzvestia VTsIK. Maererano naDanishevsky (mutungamiri wekutanga weRevolutionary Military Council), matare ehondo haafaniri kutungamirirwa nemitemo yepamutemo chero ipi zvayo, zvichienderana nekuti yakasikwa (madare) mumamiriro ezvinhu ekukurudzira kukurukurirana.