Rwendo rwekare: sei uye rini terevhizheni yekutanga

Kubva pamavambo ekutanga, vanhu vakarota kuti vakunda marefu marefu. Ichi chido chavanoratidzwa mumashoko uye nhoroondo. Pane zvakawanda zvemashoko nezvemashiripiti, magic plates uye dzimwe nzira dzakanakisisa dzekutumira mafananidzo. Asi kuita kuti kurota uku zvive zvechokwadi zvaive zvichibvira kwete kare kare-chete pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, uye apo TV yekutanga yakaonekwa-yakaita sechishamiso chaicho. Terevhizheni yemazuva ano yakatoonekwa sechimwe chinhu chiri pachena, uye hakuna munhu ari kufunga nezvechiitiko ichi chakashandura nyika yose.

Terevhizheni: kuti zvose zvakatanga sei

Kutsvakurudza kwekutanga uye kwakakosha kweterevhizheni kwakatanga kusvika pakupera kwezana remakore rechi19. Muna 1880, masayendisiti - American E. Sawyer nemudzimai wechiFrench Maurice Leblanc, vakapa mutemo wekutanga wekushanda kweterevhizheni, asi kugadziriswa kwayo kwekupedzisira kwakatungamirirwa nomunyori wechiGermany anonzi Paul Nipkov, uyo akazobvumirana nekombiki iyi. Mutemo wayo mukuru wakanga uri weizvi:

Chinhu chimwe nechimwe chechifananidzo chacho chakatsvaga nokukurumidza uye sequentially, mutsara nemuganhu uye fomu nerimiro. Chigadzirwa chacho, chinonzi disk Nipkova, chakaita sechitsinhanisa disk ine masendimita 50 cm, ayo akatemwa masango. Kuongorora kwechifananidzo kwakagadzirwa kuburikidza nechigadziko chechiedza, uye kuendesa kwechiratidzo kwakatevera kwakaitwa kune mutendeuki. Iyo yeTV yekutanga yakange yakagadzirirwa ne diski inotenderera nemakomba, mushure maive nemwenje weonon, asi nzira yekuwana mufananidzo yakagadzirwa mumutemo wakatarisa. Nekubatsirwa kweiyo mamiriro mashoma, chifananidzo chakanga chichiratidzwa pahwindo. Yaiva yekutanga TV mumunyika, zvichibva pakagadzirwa kwayo Ita magetsi, saka kuendesa kwezvifananidzo zvisingakwanisi. Panyaya iyi, mishonga yemapurogiramu eTV yakararama kwenguva pfupi.

Apo yekutanga terevhizheni yakaonekwa pamakona e electron

Muna 1888, kuburikidza nemudzidzisi wekuGermany Heinrich Hertz, nyika yakadzidza pamusoro pemagetsi echinyorwa. Musayendisiti akajekesa kuti chiedza chinokanganisa magetsi, asi haikwanise kutsanangura zvizere uye kuratidza zvakaita chiitiko ichi. Uye zvakaitika muna 1905 apo Albert Einstein akakwanisa kuzviita. Muna 1879, musayendisiti wechiChirungu William Crookes akagadzira cathode-ray tube uye akawana zvinhu - phosphors, luminescent pavanenge vachinzwa kuti vatsva. Nokudaro yakatanga nguva ye electron-beam terevhizheni, iyo yakazopararira munyika yose. Muna 1936, apo terevhizheni yekutanga yakaratidzwa pamagetsi, American laboratory laboratory RCA yakatungamirirwa nemusayendisiti weRussia Zvorykin, ndicho chikonzero aifunga kuti ndiye akatanga nhepfenyuro yemazuva ano. Muna 1939, RCA yakaratidza terevhizheni yekutanga yekugadzirwa kwemazhinji, inonzi RCS TT-5. Apo terevhizheni yekutanga yakaonekwa, yakanga iri bhokisi rakakura uye rakakura rehuni, rakagadzirirwa nekona-5-inch screen. Kwenguva yakati, teresiyumu (mitambo) telesystems yakabatana nemagetsi ehurumende, asi pakupera kwemazana makumi maviri ezana remakore rechi20 yakashandurwa zvachose nemagetsi ezvigadzirwa.