Mabhuku eRussia ezana remakore rechi20, nguva yekuumbwa, iyo huru vamiririri

Nhoroondo yemabhuku echiRussia ezana remakore rechi20 anotanga muna 1881. Nguva yekuchinja pakati pemazana emakore inofungidzirwa seyo "nguva yehevha" (panguva yekuenderera mberi kwe "Pera" yePushkin). Kuchinja kwemazana ekutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, kupesana kwemitemo yakasiyana-siyana uye mararamiro ehupenyu, hazvigone asi kunokanganisa mafungiro ekusika intelligentsia. Vakawanda vanyori havasati vagutsikana nekutsanangurwa uye kuongororwa kwematambudziko evanhu, vazhinji vanyori vanotanga kufunga nezvemibvunzo yekusingaperi yehupenyu nerufu, kuvapo kwezvakanaka nezvakaipa. Chimwe chinhu chakakosha pamitambo yenguva idzi yakashandurwa nechitendero, chinyorwa chechitendero chinova chimwe chezvinyorwa zvinokosha zvemabasa evanyori vakawanda. Mabhuku eRussia ezana remakore rechi20 anowanikwa pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu matsva emamiriro ezvinhu, izvo zvisingagoni asi zvinokukanganisa. Iyo yekusika intelligentsia yenguva ino inonzwisisa kuti kuuya kuri kuuya muhupenyu hwenyika, uye naizvozvo muupenyu hwavo, hazvidzivisiki. Vamwe vanovamirira nomufaro netariro, vamwe vachitya uye vanotya, izvo zvinoendeswa kune muverengi panguva yekuverenga mabasa avo.

Kuchinja kwema1917 kunoparadzanisa mabhuku ose eRussia emakore iwayo mumapoka maviri: "proletarian" mabhuku uye basa revakabuda muRussia. Mumiririri akajeka wekupedzisira ndeyeVladimir Nabokov, mumabasa ake mazhinji pane zvakajeka zvekushaya dzimba.

Mabhuku eRussia ezana remakore rechi20 akapa nyika yedu uye nyika yose sehuwandu huwandu hwemashoko ezwi. Izvi zvinoshanda zvikuru kunyora nhetembo. Vanyori veSiria Age vanosanganisira Nikolai Gumilev, Maximilian Voloshin, Anna Akhmatova, Sergei Yesenin, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Alexander Blok, nezvimwewo. Vamiririri vokutanga mabhuku eSoviet vanosanganisira Yesenin naMaiakovsky. Muvambi wezvinonzi anti-Soviet mabhuku ndiAlexander Blok, uyo akanyora chikamu che "Twelve" mumakore iwayo.

Mabhuku echiRussia ezana remakore rechi20 anomiririrwa nematatu makuru mazano: realism, nyanzvi avant-garde uye modernism, chimwe nechimwe chacho chinowanzonzirwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana. Nokudaro, mazuva ano akaisa hwaro hwekugadzirwa kwechimiro uye chimiro. Vamiririri vemazuva ekupedzisira vaiva: Valery Bryusov, Konstantin Balmont, Dmitry Merezhkovsky, Andrei Bely, Alexander Blok. Vakatangiri veRussia literary acmeism ndiAna Akhmatova, Osip Mandelstam, Nikolai Gumilev.

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonakidza zvikuru zvemafirimu emitambo mumazana emakore ekutanga ezana remakore rechi20 ndiyo rumutsiriro rwehafu-yakakanganwa maitiro ekudanana. Basa raAlexander Green rinokanganisa mafungiro nehupenyu husingaperi hwekufungidzira uye kurota. Basa re revolutionary workers 'vanyori rakanyorerwa munharaunda yehumwe, hutsva hutsinye hwevamiririri vezvematongerwo enyika. Nhetembo Nechaev, Privalov, Tarasov munzeve dzavo, vanoshevedza uye vanofamba chiito chemashoko echigamba, vachiwedzera mavari mavara akajeka anorondedzera kupenya, moto, zuva rovira, mambakwedza eruva.

Nekuputika kweGreat Patriotic War, vazhinji vanyori veSoviet vakaonekwa pahondo. Mabasa epanguva iyi yakanyorwa mumutauro unoshamisa, pfungwa yavo huru yaive kurwisana ne fascism. Zvakakosha kuziva nhetembo dzekuda nyika dzeAkhmatova, Tvardovsky, Tikhonov. Munguva yehondo, vanyori vanowedzera kushandiswa kune mabhuku akawanda ekushandisa mabhuku: zvinyorwa, nyaya, nhoroondo uye mapepa.

Mabhuku echiRussia ehafu yechipiri yezana remakore rechi20 anomiririrwa nemhando dzakasiyana siyana, iyo yakagadzirirwa zvikuru: Stalinism, "tambo", kuparara, perestroika. Zvinyorwa zveRussia zvakawana nhamba yakawanda yezvinetso munzira yayo, pane dzimwe nguva inotarisirwa nehurumende, dzimwe nguva iri pedyo nechose pasi pemutemo wayo. Nhasi mabhuku echiRussia ezana remakore rechi20 anozivikanwa pasi pose, mabasa evanyori veSoviet anoverengerwa kure kune dzimwe nyika, vanobviswa nemifananidzo mafirimu, kuiswa mumitambo. Murume asina kumboverenga mabasa aSolzhenitsyn, Sholokhov, Bulgakov muhupenyu hwake akarasika zvechokwadi ...