The Third July Revolution ya 1907

Kutanga kwezana remakore rechi20 kwaiva nguva yakaoma kuRussia. Bourgeois uye socialist revolutions, iyo yakatungamirira kuparadzana munharaunda, uye kuchinjwa kazhinji mune zvematongerwe enyika, zvishoma nezvishoma zvakaderedza umambo. Zviitiko zvakatevera zvakaitika munyika yacho hazvisi izvozvi.

Kuparara kwekutanga kweEchipiri State Duma, yakabatwa muRussia musi waJune 3, 1907, iyo yaifambidzana nekushandurwa kwehurongwa hwekusarudzwa hwakange huripo kusvika panguva iyo , yakaburitsa munhoroondo seTatu yeJune Revolution.

Zvinokonzera kuparara

Chikonzero chekuregererwa kwemasimba emasimba eChipiri Duma chakanga chisisakwanisi kubatana kwepamusoro uye kune zvibereko mune basa rahurumende, rakatungamirirwa naHurumende Guru Stolypin, uye hurumende yehurumende yehurumende, iyo panguva iyoyo yakave inonyanya yevamiriri vemasangano ekusiya sangano seSocialist- Social Democrats, vanhu vomunzanga. Mukuwedzera, vakabatanidzwa neTrudoviks.

Dumu reChipiri, iro rakazaruka munaFebruary 1907, raive nemafungiro akafanana ekupikisa sekutanga kweDuma, iyo yakanga yaparara kare. Vazhinji vayo nhengo dzavo vakanga vasingadi kugamuchira zvese zvinorongedzwa nemitemo yehurumende, kusanganisira bhajeti. Kusiyana naizvozvo, zvikamu zvose zvakasarudzwa neDuma hazvingagamuchirwi neHurumende yeHarare kana mambo.

Kudzora

Nokudaro, paiva nemamiriro ezvinhu aimiririra dambudziko remitemo. Izvo zvaive mumusoro wekuti mitemo yakabvumira mambo kuti aparadze Duma chero nguva. Asi panguva imwecheteyo, aifanira kutora chimwe chitsva, nokuti pasina kubvumirwa kwake haaigona kuita shanduko kumutemo wekusarudzwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, pakanga pasina chivimbo chekuti musangano unotevera hauzove wakaipesana sezvakaitwa kare.

Hurumende yechisarudzo

Stolypin akawana nzira yekubuda mamiriro acho ezvinhu. Iye nehurumende yake vakasarudza kupedzisa panguva imwe chete Duma uye kuita shanduko dzinodiwa mumutemo wavo wekusarudza, kubva pakuona kwavo.

Chikonzero cheizvi ndechekushanyira madzishe eSocial Democratic Party nehuwandu hwevarwi vemasoja kubva kune rimwe remasvingo eSt. Petersburg, uyo akavapa izvo zvinonzi chirongwa chevarwi. Chiitiko chakadai chisingakoshi Stolypin akakwanisa kuisa sechinhu chakajeka chechirongwa pamusoro penyika iripo yehurumende. Musi waJune 1, 1907, akazivisa izvi pamusangano weDuma. Akakumbira kuti chisarudzo chiitwe kubvisa vamiriri vashanu kubva kuSocial Democratic faction, uye kubvisa mishonga inopinda kune vamwe vavo.

VaDuma vakanga vasingakwanisi kupa mhinduro pakarepo kuhurumende tsarist uye vakaronga mutemo unokosha, uyo waifanira kusarudzwa musi waJuly 4. Asi, pasina kumirira mushumo, Nicholas II, mazuva maviri mushure mokutaura, Stolypin akaputsa Duma nemurairo wake. Mukuwedzera, mutemo wekusarudzwa patsva wakagadzwa uye sarudzo dzinotevera dzakasarudzwa. Datu reDuma raifanira kutanga basa rayo musi waNovember 1, 1907. Nokudaro, sangano rechipiri rakapedza mazuva 103 chete uye rakaguma nekuputswa kwakaitika munhau seTatu yeJune coup d'état.

Zuva rokupedzisira reRussia Revolution Yokutanga

Kusagadzikana kweDuma ndiko kodzero yemambo. Asi panguva imwecheteyo, kuchinja mutemo wekusarudzwa pachako kwakange kuri kuputsa kwakadzama kweChikamu 87 cheCompendium yeMitemo yeParamende. Rakataura kuti chete nemvumo yeHurumende yeHurumende uye Duma inogona kuchinja chero ipi zvayo kunyorwa iyi. Ndicho chikonzero zviitiko zvakaitika musi waJune 3, zvakanzi kutamburwa kweTatu June 1907.

Kuparara kwechipiri Duma kwakaitika panguva apo sangano rekutsvaga rakaratidzika risina simba uye kukanganiswa kwegungwa kwakanyarara. Somugumisiro, hama yakadzikama yakagadzwa muumambo. Nokudaro, yechitatu yeChishanu (1907) coup d'etat inonziwo zuva rokupedzisira reRussian Revolution.

Kuchinja

Mutemo wesarudzo wakashandurwa sei? Maererano neshanduro itsva, kuchinja kwakaitwa zvakananga kune ve electorate. Izvi zvaireva kuti denderedzwa yevasarudzo ivo pachavo yakaderera kusvika pamwero wakawanda. Uyezve, nhengo dzevanhu vanogara panzvimbo yakakwirira, ndiko kuti, vagari venyika uye vanhu vemaguta vane mari yakanaka, vakagamuchira huzhinji hwezvigaro muparamende.

Yechitatu yeChishanu coup d'etat yakakurumidza kuita sarudzo kune yechitatu Third Duma, iyo yakaitika muvhuvhu yegore iroro. Vakapfuura mumamiriro ezvinhu anotyisa uye zvisati zvamboitika mheremhere yekuita. Ruzhinji rweSocial Democrats rwakasungwa.

Somugumisiro, yechitatu yeChishanu Revolution yakatungamirira kukuti Datu reDuma yakaumbwa nemapoka ehurumende-hurumende uye October, uye vamiririri vemapato eus leftist vakanga vashoma kwazvo.

Ndinofanira kutaura kuti nhamba yose yezvikwata zvekusarudzwa yakachengetedzwa, asi mumiririri wevarimi akaderera nehafu. Uyezve, nhamba yevatongi vanobva kumarudzi akasiyana-siyana ehurumende yakaderera zvikuru. Dzimwe nzvimbo dzakanga dzadziviswa zvachose kumiririra.

Mhinduro

MuCadet-hurukuro, chitatu cheChris June Revolution chakatsanangurwa muchidimbu se "asinganyadziswi," nokuti nenzira yakanyanyisa uye yakasununguka iye akapa hurumende-huwandu hwevanhu munyika itsva Duma. Nokudaro, hurumende yeTsarist yakanyadzisa kuputsa urongwa hukuru hwehudhiropu hwakagamuchirwa muna Gumiguru 1905, kuti hapana mutemo unogona kubvumidzwa pasina kutangira kukurukurirana uye kugamuchirwa muDuma.

Zvinoshamisa kuti Chechitatu yeJune revolution munyika yacho yakagamuchirwa. Vazhinji vezvematongerwo enyika vakashamiswa nekusava nehanya kwevanhu. Kwakange kusina zviratidzo, kwete kuuraya. Kunyange mapepanhau akataura nezvechiitiko ichi mumutauro wakanyarara. Basa rezvekuchinja uye hugandanga hwakaitwa pamberi penguva ino, rakapera.

Chechitatu yeJune revolution yakanga yakakosha zvikuru. Iyi musangano mutsva yakabva yatanga basa rinobvumirana nemutemo, zvakanyatsobatana nehurumende. Asi kune rumwe rutivi, kuchinja kukuru kune mutemo werusarudzo kwakaiswa pasi, kwakaparadza pfungwa dzevanhu iyo Duma iri kuchengetedza zvido zvayo.