Nesarudzo hurongwa

Electoral hurongwa ndiwo chikuru mashandiro kuti paumbwe hurumende democratic. Nezvekugadzirwa mashandiro ichi zvichiitika kwenguva zvakakwana refu.

Electoral hurongwa - a political chaiwo masangano. Vari chokuita kusarudzwa mudziyo. Electoral hurongwa kugovera vamwe nzira kuvhota uye kutsunga zvabuda. Mukuwedzera, vari chokuita kuparadzira pakati mapato ari zvigaro.

All nesarudzo hurongwa zvinosanganisira zvimwe zvinoriumba. Pakati pavo tinofanira kutaura:

1. Suffrage. chinhu ichi inoratidza mamiriro mutemo pamusoro musarudzo nzira. Ichi (mu yakamanikana mupfungwa) mukana wezvematongerwo enyika mugari kuti vasanangurwa uye kuti akasarudzwa. Mupfungwa yakakura, pfungwa iyi inoratidza zviri pamitemo akakodzera uye nemamwe mabasa.
2. Nesarudzo muitiro. chaikosha ichi rinorondedzera akaita nezviito kuti atore nzvimbo mukati sarudzo.

Chidimbu nesarudzo muitiro mumatanho anopiwa:

1. Preparatory. Nokufamba kuyaruka rinoitwa kunyoresa uye kunyoresa vavhoti, kugadzwa musi vhoti.
2. Register nominations.
3. Mari sarudzo, musarudzo.
4. Vote, kuziva migumisiro.

Kodzero kuvhota vari yegutsaruzhinji ezvinhu hurongwa anogovera kuti mutemo unoti kuurayiwa vamwe mazano. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvikurukuru:

1. Kuenzanirana. Pfungwa iyi inoreva pamberi zvakaenzana kodzero vevatariri vose nesarudzo muitiro, vakaenzana mari nezvimwe mikana. Muchiitiko chino, mumwe voter zvakafanana rinokanganisa kuvhota mugumisiro yose.
2. Yose sezvakaita. Pfungwa iyi inoreva kuvapo ose akagwinya mugari kuvhota uye kusarudzwa. Russian sarudzo hurongwa nokupa zvinodiwa maviri - zera uye chizvarwa zvinodiwa. Saka, muna sarudzo sezvo vavhoti vanogona kubatanidzwa vagari kubva gumi nemasere, uye sezvo kusarudzwa - nemakore makumi maviri nerimwe. Other kurambidzwa (pamusoro pfuma mamiriro, pabonde kana chikonzero yedzidzo) zvinenge kumbobvira kuita munyika.
3. Kuvhota pachivande nokuvhota. Pfungwa iyi pfungwa kuti voter kodzero kusaburitsa sarudzo yavo. Saka, zvinokwanisika here vakasununguka kutaura zvavanoda uye Kwakabvisa vomanikidza voter.
4. Kukurumidzirwa. Pfungwa iyi inoreva kuti mugari anodyara vhoti yake zvakananga kuti mutevedzeri, kwete munhu wacho (elector), vakazochinja achawisira vhoti yavo kuti mumiriri. Elections muUnited States, zvisinei, nheyo iyi haisi inopiwa muna weboka musarudzo.
5. Makwikwi. Pfungwa iyi inoratidza Kuwanikwa pane vari kuvhota kwacho. Saka voter ane kodzero yokusarudza. Uyezve, hapana munhu anogona kusika zvipingamupinyi vamwe vaida ndiitewo vhoti.
6. Publicity. Pfungwa iyi pfungwa kuti mukana kuti veruzhinji vawane kudzora mufambiro sarudzo. Pfungwa Izvi zvinoratidzwa pamberi zvikamu akazvimirira vacherechedzi.
7. Rusununguko rwokusarudza. Tiri, muchiitiko ichi, ndiye nokuzvidira kubatanidzwa vomuUmambo ari nesarudzo muitiro. Muchiitiko chino, hapana anogona kuva pamusoro kufurirwa nevanhu.
8. Limited vakasarudzwa kumwedzi. Pfungwa iyi inotaura chokwadi chokuti nesarudzo muitiro hazvigoni kumbosiyiwa kufamba, kana vasina kuisa chikonzero chakanaka, kuti mutemo akakodzera.

The chikuru mhando nesarudzo nehurongwa dzinosanganisira:

1. A ruzhinji. Panyaya iyi, mabasa "ruzhinji" musimboti. Kuwana kusarudzwa musarudzo uyo anopiwa soro nhamba mavhoti.
2. System kuti hama ruzhinji. Muchiitiko chino, izvozvo vaiona kuti akasarudzwa Mutevedzeri, uyo scored nyore ruzhinji. Panguva iyoyowo kuhwina inogona kunyatsonanga isingasviki pahafu mavhoti.
3. Dzinofanira ruzhinji. Panyaya iyi mutevedzeri anonzi akasarudzwa, uyo scored makumi mashanu muzana ndinoiitawo mumwe vhoti. Hurongwa akadaro ndizvo kuti nesananguro President kweRussia uye France.
4. Proportionality. ino rinopa kuti mumwe webato chinozadzwa mberi maererano nokuwanda zvigaro, izvo Proportional kukanda wake kuvhota musarudzo.
5. Mixed (ruzhinji-Proportional) hurongwa. Kana kuparadzira wemirayiro iyi, anoshandisa zvinhu ruzhinji Proportional sarudzo.

Saka, zviri pachena kuti mhando nesarudzo gadziriro zvakasiyana chaizvo. Uye kunzwisisa nyaya iyi varege chete enyika, asi zvizvarwa zvavo.