Galimdzhan Ibragimov - Tatar munyori uye mutauro: biography, masayenzi uye kudzidzisa mabasa

Iwe unoda kunzwa nyaya inofadza mutauro weTatar here? Nhasi tichataura nezvomumwe murume ane tsamba huru, uyo asina kurarama panguva yakanakisisa, asi ndiani akakwanisa kutakura pfungwa dzake kuburikidza nenguva uye kusvika kune zvizvarwa. Kuti zvive nani kuziva munhu uyu, kutanga tichazonzwisisa nhoroondo yemumwe mukomana weTatar uyo akakurira mumhuri yemuralah.

Kutanga kuzivana

Galimdzhan Ibragimov munyori anozivikanwa mutatari uyo anoonekwa seapiyona wemabhuku eTatar panguva yeSoviet. Iye igamba rekushanda. Nokuda kwezvikonzero zvezvematongerwo enyika, akatsiviwa, asi muna 1955 akavandudzwa. Akamira pane zvinyorwa zvebasa reTatar kunyora, uye kunze kwekuti, akanga ari murume akakurumbira uyo akaita uye akanga asingatyi kutaura apo zvakakosha kuti ugare wakanyarara. Munhu wose anofanira kuziva nezvevanhu vakadaro vari kuvaka nguva yavo. Galimdzhan Ibragimov murume anobva kumarudzi asingakwanisi kushivirira kusaruramisira uye asingatyi kurwisana muhondo.

Galimdzhan Ibragimov: biography

Uyu mukomana akaberekwa musi waMarch 13, 1887 mumusha weSultanmuratovo, province yeUfa. Kusvika iye zvino, ndima iyi ndiyoAurghazinsky District yeRepublic of Bashkortostan. Mukomana uyu akaberekerwa mumhuri yemralahs. Sezvaunoziva, uyu mushumiri wechitendero cheMuslim. Umambo hweRussia huchinzi mullahs kwete chete kugadzirisa tsika dzeMuslim, asiwo vanhu vakadzidza nevadzidzisi. Kana iwe ukatarisa chokwadi, iwe unogona kunzwisisa kuti muRussia mullah yakaenzaniswa nemupristi, uye nokuda kwechikonzero chakanaka. Mumwe nomumwe wavo akanga ari pasi peimwe musikiti, uye mabasa avo ainyatsorongedzwa nemitemo yevakuru vakuru. MuCaucasus, mullah yainzi vafundisi vepamusoro-soro.

Nhoroondo yehupenyu pamusoro pemunyori haisi nyore, sezvo asina kufarira kuziviswa uye haana kunyora memoiri. Panguva imwecheteyo, nhoroondo yakachengetedza zvakakosha zvemuTatar munyori, izvo zvaanofanira kuremekedzwa uye kuzvikoshesa.

Kudzidza

Galimdzhan Ibragimov, ane ruzivo rwemufupi, akawana dzidzo yeimba. Izvi zvaive zvichienderana nekuti baba vake vaiva mullah - murume akadzidziswa wenguva yake. Akagamuchira dzidzo yake yepamusoro mumasango ekumadrasah Khusainia, iri muOrenburg. Haanawo kudzidza kwenguva yakareba kuchikoro cheRussia muna 1899. Muna 1906-1908 akadzidza pa madrassa "Galia". Yaiva muna 1906 iyo munyori akatanga kumusunga, asi nokukurumidza jaya rakasunungurwa.

Zvemabasa Mabasa

Galimdzhan Ibragimov akazviratidza mumapapiro akasiyana-siyana. Akanga ari munyori, muparidzi uye muparidzi. Sezvo munyori, akaita rumbidzo yake nekuda kwenyaya yake "Kudzingwa kubva madrasah yaZaki-Shakirda", iyo yakanyorwa muna 1907. Yaiva gore repiri rechikoro. Zvinoshamisa kuti mukomana kubva madrasah "Galiya" akanyora nyaya inonakidza kutanga. Mumakore matatu akabudisa hurukuro yake yekutanga yemashoko maduku, ayo ainzi "The Beginning of Spring". Basa rake rekunyorera rakange rine simba guru purogiramu yezvigadzirwa zvevanhu vaitaura mutauro weTurkic. Vanyori veTatar muhuwandu hwavo havana kuita zvishoma nezvebasa rekunyora sangano rose, asi munhu mumwe nomumwe, saiye akazvitsaurira munyaya ino, akakwanisa kusiya chiratidzo chinooneka munhoroondo.

Uyewo jaya racho raiva mupepeti wemagazini akawanda nemapepanhau. Mukuwedzera, aiwanzogadzirisa mabasa akapedzwa. Hatizonyora mabasa ake akawanda, sezvo vose vari mutauro weTatar. Akashandawo neshamwari yake Fatih Saifi-Kazanlah kuti abudise pepanhau "Volya".

Mabhuku emitauro

Vanyori veTatar vakanga vari vanhu vakasiyana-siyana uye vakasiyana-siyana, nokuti upenyu hwakavadzidzisa kuva masters mune dzimwe nguva panguva imwe chete. Gamba redu ndiye akanyora mabhuku epilology uye linguistics. Mabasa ake aive akakurumbira zvikuru, sezvaainyorwa neruzivo mumunda wake. Uyezve, maitiro ake ekunyora akanga ari nyore, iyo yakanga iri chinhu chinodiwa kuti munhu anzwisise mutauro wacho. Hasi vese veapilologists vanogona kuzvirumbidza pamusoro pekwaniso yekutsanangura uye kunyatsotumira zvinhu. Pamwe chete, Galimdzhan Girfanovich Ibragimov akanyora mabhuku matatu pamusoro penyaya iyi: "Tatar Grammar", "Dzidziso yeMabhuku" uye "Nzira dzekudzidzisa Amai Amai." Mabhuku acho akanyorwa muna 1911, 1916 uye muna 1918.

Kudzidzisa

Kutanga muna 1913, munyori akatanga kubatanidza basa rake rekunyora nekudzidzisa. Izvi zvaive zvichienderana nekushaiwa kwemazuva ese kwekuda kuwana mari yekuvapo. Akatanga basa rake rokudzidzisa muchikoro chake chekutanga uye chechizvarwa. Akadzidzisa zvidzidzo zvekutaura kweTatar, izvo zvakapiwa kwaari zvikuru. Akanga ari tenzi weshoko. Galimdzhan Ibragimov aisangoziva mutauro wake zvakanaka, asi aigonawo kugovera zvinyorwa kune vana vakanga vatangotanga kudzidza zvidzidzo.

Vadzidzi vadzidzisi nevatungamiri vepamusoro vakakoniwa kukanganwa tarenda yaImbragimov. Ari kare muna 1925 akatanga kutungamira Academic Centre yeVanhu veKumishinari Yezvidzidzo zveRepublic. Zvisinei, munzvimbo iyi haana kugara kwenguva refu - makore maviri bedzi. Muna 1927 akabviswa pamusana pemafungiro ezvematongerwo enyika, izvo zvinopesana nedzidziso dzeSoviet. Chikonzero chepamutemo chakanga chiri: "Nekuita basa rinoitwa munyika." Mukati pakati pemakore aya, muna 1926, munyori akava mutungamiri wekutumirwa kweTatar ASSR pa First All-Union Turkic Congress, iyo yakaitirwa muBaku. Vashandi vakaungana pamusoro pokudanana kwemitauro yakanyorwa yevanhu veTurkic. Pamusangano uyu, Galimdzhan Ibragimov akavhota nechisimba chekuita rudo.

Revolutionary activity

Sezvazvambotaurwa kare, hero inowanikwa nyaya yedu yakatora hupenyu hwehupenyu uye haina kumbove yakanyarara apo imwe nzira yekusaruramisira yakaitika. Muna 1912 Ibragimov akatamira kuKiev. Nguva pfupi mushure mokunge asvika muguta racho akaumba musangano wakavanzika weMuslim, unoita zvinopesana nezvinodiwa nehurumende. Pashure penguva inosvika kuti Galimjan ndiye mutungamiri wayo. Gore rinotevera, akasungwa nemapurisa, asi akakurumidza kusunungurwa nekuda kwekushayikwa kwehupupuriro chaihwo. Pasinei nechokwadi chokuti jaya racho rakasunungurwa, akanga achiri pasi pekutarisira kwenguva refu kwenguva refu.

Mamiriro ezvinhu munyika yacho aipisa nguva. Zvakajeka kuti zvakanga zvisingakwanisi kuratidza zvizere kutsamwa kwako muzviito, sezvo izvi zvaive zvakafanana nokuzvigadzirisa iwe pachako. Nemhaka yeizvi, maonero emunyori nemafungiro ake ainyatsoratidzwa mubasa rake rekunyora.

Basa rokutanga rinokosha rakanga riri runyora "Our Days", umo Galimdzhan kubva pakuona kwake akarondedzera zviitiko zvose zve 1905 revolution. Uyewo mubasa rake basa rakawanda rakabhadharwa panyaya yakadaro sehukama hwevatongi vechiTatar nevarusi vemaRussia. Akanyora zvinyorwa zviviri umo akaumba chifananidzo chakanaka chaiye murwi wekodzero yeSoviet yakasimba: "Tale yeRuar Colors" uye "Deep Roots." Yokutanga yakanyorwa muna 1920, uye yechipiri - muna 1928.

Mabasa ake akacherechedza nevatsigiri vezvematongerwo enyika, avo vakagamuchira simba rinowedzera, uye muna 1917 munyori akadanwa kuChituro cheRussia-Constituent Assembly.

Creativity

Basa rose raBrahimov rinogona kugoverwa muzviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana: mabhuku ezvidzidzo, zvinyorwa, manyowa nemitambo. Nhau iri mumutauro weTatar kubva kune munyori iyi mhando yemasuo kune nyika yakasiyana, iyo simba rekutaura uye hukuru hwezwi rinotonga. Kuti unzwisise kuti munhu uyu wepakutanga uye ane tarenda akanyorei, mumwe anofanira kuverenga imwe yemabasa ake - ipapo zvose zvichabva zvava pachena. Mabhuku ake anonzwisisika kuvana nevakuru. Uyezve, iyo inofadza zvakafanana kune dzose dzezvizvarwa. Shanduro mumutauro weRussia yemabasa ake akaitwa zvakawanda munguva pfupi kupfuura mabasa ayo akanyorwa. Musiyano wacho chaizvoizvo mumakore 20-30. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti panguva yekunyora mabhuku Ibrahimov akanga asingabvumirwi kuverenga, uye mapurisa akaita zvose kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti zita rakadaro rakanganwika zvachose.

Basa guru rokutanga romunyori ndiro riya rinonzi Young Hearts, rakanyorwa muna 1912, uye rakashandurirwa muchiRussia muna 1980. Mune basa iri munyori akaratidza panorama yakazara yehupenyu hwevanhu veTatar vanhu vakasiyana-siyana mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi20.

Pashure pekuvandudzwa

Mushure mekuvandudzwa kweGalimdzhan akapfuurira basa rake mberi. Akaramba achidzidzisa zvidzidzo mumutauro weTatar uye akadzidzisa vana kutaura kwakarurama. Kubvira muna 1920 kusvika muna 1924 akanga ari mushandi webazi rekudhinda uye mudzidzisi paKomonist University muKazan. Sezvaunogona kuona, Galimdzhan Ibragimov, uyo hupenyu hwake husina kuzadzwa nehuchokwadi, hahuna kumbogara panzvimbo iyo. Upenyu hwake hwaigara huchifamba, aigara achichinja nzvimbo dzebasa. Mukuwedzera, iye aigara ari muziso revanhu, sezvo mabasa ake kazhinji aipesana nemutemo wepato.

Muna 1925 akazova sachigaro we Academic Center pasi pePublic Commissioner of Education. Kusvikira muna 1937 iye akanga ari vamiriri wechechi weMuslim Commissariat.

Kusungwa

Upenyu hwakagadzikana nebasa hazvina kuramba kwenguva refu. MunaAugust 1937, Ibrahimov akasungwa. Zvakaitika muguta rakanaka reYalta. Zvinhu zvose zvakaitika nokukurumidza: kutanga akaendeswa kune dhipatimendi remapurisa eguta, ndokubva atumirwa kuKazan. Pano akavharwa muchipatara chejeri, sezvavanotaura, pasina kutongwa nekuongorora. Zvinosuruvarisa, izvi hazvisi kungotaura mutauro, asi chokwadi. Hapana akaitisa muedzo, uye pakanga pasina chirevo. Imwe nguva nguva dzose mabhuku omunyori wacho akabviswa kubva mumabhuku, uye zita rake rakarambidzwa kuyeuka. Ndizvo zvazvakaitwa: kamwe - uye hakuna munhu akadaro.

Kutaura chokwadi ndeyekuoma, asi pasina nguva munyori akafa. Musi waJanuary 21, 1938 akanga asiri. Kunyangwe ichi ichi chiri chikonzero chekutambudzwa nekunyombwa kana kufa kwepanyama zvakaoma kutaura, sezvo ruzivo rwuse rwuri kurongwa, uye kunyange vanhu vashoma kwazvo Ibrahimov haazive kuti zvinhu zvakange zvakaita sei. Nyaya iyi yapera zvakasuruvarisa, kunyange murume uyu akararama hupenyu hwakanaka. Kune maonero mazhinji akasiyana pamusoro pokuti sei Ibrahimov akakurumidza kudaro uye nokukurumidza akafa. Tsvaga chikonzero chaicho chekufa kwevanhu vakuru hazvibviri kubudirira. Kungoti mushure mekufa kwemunyori kwakagadziriswa, mumutemo, sevamwe vanhu vazhinji, avo vane zita rakadzingwa kubva pamapeji ezvakaitika.

Memory

Galimdzhan Ibragimov, uyo nhoroondo yake yakaguma kwazvo, haisati yambofa mumutsika. MuKazan, chivako chinonyangadza kune munyori chakaiswa, icho chiri muguva reArskoye. Uyewo anonzi zita reImbragimov ndiKazan Institute uye avenue iri muguta. Muna 1987, musimamende yezita rake yakavhurwa mumusha wemunhu wemushandi. MuKazan, pane bhudziro remunyori uye kune gymnasium inoshanda inomirira iye. Mukukudza munhu uyu, mugwagwa muUfa unonziwo, uye ipapo unogona kuona chiyeuchidzo chechirangaridzo. Mutambi wemutambi weTatar Hanif Habibrahmanov akaita chibvumirano cheGalimjan.

Kurongedza nyaya yacho, inofanira kutaurwa kuti hatizivi nguva dzose nezvevanhu vakanakisisa vakakodzera kutora muenzaniso kubva kwavari. Kazhinji, vanhu vakadaro "vanovigwa" munhoroondo nokuti hurukuro dzavo dzakagura nzeve dzevatongi. Zvinosuruvarisa kuti munguva yakapfuura zvaive zvichikwanisa kubuda munhu nyore nyore uye kumukandira kunze. Vanhu vakawanda vakakurumbira avo vakanga vadzorerwazve mushure mekunge vachinetseka, havana kutora mukunzwisisa kwevanhu basa raizoitika kwavari. Nhasi sangano rezvematongerwe enyika rinofanira kunge risingafaniri kubvumira kushata kwakadaro.