Tikhonravov Mikhail Klavdievich: life and biography

Tikhonravov Mikhail Klavdievich inozivikanwa zvikuru yeSoviet science figure. Akanga ari mudzidzi waTsiolkovsky uye mubatsiri weK Korolev, aibatanidzwa mukusikwa kwemauto okutanga eSoviet. Ane zvakawanda zvipo. Akarera vazhinji vakatsiva vakakodzera mubasa rake.

Childhood

Chii chaiva Mikhail Tikhonravov pachake, uye chii chakanga chiri nzira yake? Nhoroondo yake yakatanga muVladimir pamakumi maviri nemapfumbamwe munaJuly 1900, asi munguva pfupi vabereki vake vakatamira kuPetersburg. Musayendisiti wenguva yemberi akazvarwa mumhuri yakangwara. Baba vake - Claudius Mikhailovich, aiva gweta, uye amai vake - Alexandra Nikolaevna - mudzidzisi.

Mugore regumi nemanomwe, mumhuri yakabatanidzwa mune zviitiko zvekuchinja, mhuri yakatanga kurarama zvakasimba kwazvo, uye yakasarudzwa kutamisa mai nevana vaduku kuguta rePereslavl-Zalessky. Uye mukuru Misha, pamwe nababa vake, vakasara kusvikira pakupera kwechikoro chekusekondari cheThihonravov. Mhuri yakabatanazve gore gare gare.

Makore emakore

Mune imwe nzvimbo itsva, Claudius Mikhailovich akawana basa semutongi, uye mwanakomana wacho akatumira tsamba yebhidhi uye akanyora zvinyorwa. Mune nguva yangu yakasununguka ndaifarira kudhiroka.

MuPerslavl-Zalessky, Tikhonravov Mikhail Klavdievich aiva mumwe wekutanga kugamuchira tiketi yeKomsomol ndokutanga kushanda basa reKomsomol, kuronga masero nekufamba-famba nekutaura kwehasha kune misha yakapoteredza. Muna March 1919 akatosarudzwa sachigaro weMasisiti Komiti yeRCYU.

Mugore rimwe chete, 1919, Tikhonravov vakazvipira kuRed Army, uye vakashanda munharaunda yekutambudza uye kujekesa kwemauto ehurumende.

Muna 1920 Michael akatamira kuMoscow ndokuva mudzidzi weAir Force Engineering Academy yeRKKA inonzi Zhukovsky, iyo inopedza makore mashanu gare gare.

Mavambo ekutanga mubasa rake

Agamuchira diploma, injineri Tikhonravov Mikhail Klavdievich inoshanda pamakambani emakambani emakambani emabhiza. Kunyangwe mumakore ekudzidza, jaya iro rakagadzira mutsara wezvikwata zvakange zvakakwana zvakakwana. Akaenderera mberi nebasa iri muchikamu chechipiri chema1920, uye raiva muchikwata chechikwata chekuti kufambidzana kwakanyanyisa hupenyu hwaThimhonravov uye yekupedzisira kweSoviet rocket construction.

Simba rekutanga reSoviet

Chimwe chitsva chaMikhail Klavdievich chainzi Sergei Pavlovich Korolev. Pakati pevasayenzi ushamwari hwakagadzirwa, hwakakura hukabatana. Korolyov akashungurudza Tikhonravov kuti aite mukusika kwemisasa yeblastistic, uye muna 1932 akanga atotungamira brigade, iyo yaive ichishanda yekutanga Soviet mbiri-stage missile.

Tikhonravov nevamwe vatori vechikamu mumusangano uyu wezvakaitika kare vakayeuka kuti basa iri riri kufambira mberi zvakasimba. Nhume yacho yakanga isingadi kumhanya kwenguva yakareba, asi yakatakurwa kuenda kunzvimbo yekuedza mumatokari evanhu, yakaputirwa mune dzimwe tsvina.

Kuedza kwevanjiniya kwakave korona yekubudirira muna 1933. Dombo rekupedzisira rakakwanisa kutanga, uye rakasimuka mamita 400 pamusoro pevhu. Ichi chaive chiitiko chikuru kunyika yose.

Muna 1934, Tikhonravov Mikhail Klavdievich akatanga kutungamirira dhipatimendi reReactive Institute, uye kubvira muna 1938 akaita basa rekutsvakurudza pamhepo-mafuta emakona engoro; Akaita mazano aigona kubvumira kudzidza kumusoro kwepamusoro-soro, nezvimwewo.

Shanda panguva yehondo

Munguva yeGreat Patriotic War, basa rekuongorora nzvimbo rakamira kwenguva pfupi. Zvinokurumidza zvakanyanya mabasa akasiyana kwazvo. Zvakanga zvakakodzera kuvhara ma fascists chero zvakakosha, uye mhinduro chaiyo yekusarudzira yaiva kusikwa kwekakavhiringidza nhare ye "ndege" Katyusha. Icho chaiva kukurudzirwa kwe projectiles kwaari kuti Tikhonravov Mikhail Klavdievich akanga aita basa mumazana ekutanga.

Opal uye kutsiva

Mushure mehondo, Tikhonravov, yakabva kuReactive Scientific Research Institute, iyo yaive mutevedzeri mukuru, yakagadzira zvombo zvepamusoro-soro, yakashanda pakugadzirwa kwemaStellite ekutanga, nzvimbo dzinotungamirirwa nemutyairi, uye zvigadziri zvese zvakagadzirirwa kugadzira ndege.

Mugore ramakumi mashanu nemana akatanga kusikwa kwemisasa yakawanda yemaseroti, asi yakanga isinganzwisisi uye kunyange kusekwa. Vatungamiri vakafunga pfungwa idzi dzinofanirwa mberi sezvinoshamisa. Tikhonravov Mikhail Klavdievich, uyo ane mifananidzo yeiyo nguva inopa munhu akaneta uye akaora mwoyo, yakadzingwa uye yakabviswa pamabasa anokosha.

Zvisinei, muna 1953, zviremera zvakaona kukanganisa kwavo uye zvakaratidza kufarira kuhurukuro, yakataurwa naTikhonravov. Musayendisiti, uyo pasinei nezvose akaenderera mberi achishanda pa brainchild yake, akabudiswa kunze kwekukanganisa ndokudzoka kubasa rakaoma.

Iyo injini yakapa zvakasara zvehupenyu hwake kuenda kusango rekuongorora nzvimbo. Chinonyanya kuzivikanwa chaive mapurojekiti ake, akaitwa seyo musoro wesangano rekugadzira ma satellite ekugadzira maitiro pane OKB-1. Yakave kudikirwa naThithraravov kuti kutanga kwetaneti yakatakura zvisikwa zvipenyu zvakaitwa, uye nokuda kweizvi musayendisiti akagamuchira Lenin Prize. Uye gare gare akava Hero weSocialist Labor.

Mukuwedzera kune basa rezvesayenzi, Mikhail Klavdievich akanga achiita basa rokudzidzisa. Pakati pevateereri vehurukuro dzake dzaiva, somuenzaniso, Yuri Gagarin.

Musi waMarch 4, 1974, nyika yakabhururuka nhau dzemavara kuti gore reupenyu hwemakore makumi matatu nemasere rakafa musayendisiti akakwirira, mudzidzisi uye mudzidzisi Tikhonravov Mikhail Klavdievich. Mudzimai wake - Olga Konstantinovna Parovina (zvakare mujairi wekugadzirira) akapona murume wake kwemakore gumi nemapfumbamwe. Vaviri vacho vaiva nemwanasikana Natalia, muzukuru Olga uye muzukurukuru Rostislav.