Chii chinonzi Reformation? Kuumba nyika itsva

Chechi yeKaturike muMiddle Ages yakanga iri imwe yezvinyorwa zvakanakisisa muEurope. Simba rayo raiva guru, kunyange madzimambo aifanira kuteerera maonero aPapa. Uye Mambo weChirungu Henry akafanirwa kusika kereke yake kuitira kuti abvise simba rezvemweya nevezvematongerwe enyika revakuru vakuru veKaturike. Asi kuchinja kwechokwadi kwechechi hakusi kusikwa kwedhinomani rinodzorwa munyika yose muEngland. Kutaura zvazviri, sangano iri rakanyanya kukura kupfuura zvematongerwo enyika. Chii chinonzi Reformation?

Kusagutsikana nehutungamiri nemitambo yeChechi yeKaturike yakatanga kusvika pakupera kwezana remakore rechi14. Jan Hus akakurudzirwa nebasa reChirungu John Wycliffe. Akaratidza kukosha kwekuverenga Magwaro Matsvene mumutauro wake wekare uye kududzira kwake kuzvimiririra. Panguva ino munhu aigona kupomerwa nekunyepedzera. Zvisinei, kufamba kwaJan Hus kwakakundwa, iye akatongerwa uye akaurayiwa. Pane nharo yokuti panguva yekupisa padanda akafanotaura kuonekwa mumakore zana aMartin Luther, avo vanoita kuti kubudirire. Asi panguva iyoyo nguva yekuchinja kwakakura yakanga isati yasvika, uye Chechi yeKaturike yakanga yakararama zvishoma kwemazana ose emakore.

Chii chinonzi Reformation? Izvi zvinoreva kuti "shanduko", munyaya iyi yaireva kutaurirana uye kuchinja maitiro nemitemo yeChechi yeKaturike. Asi mukati mekugadzirisa sangano rezvenje panguva iyoyo zvakanga zvisingabviri, izvo zvakavhiringidza kubuda kweEuropeti yePurotesitendi. Nguva yeRudziro yakatanga chaizvo muna 1517, apo Martin Luther akabudisa zvinyorwa zvake zvakakurumbira. Kunyanya akashatirwa pakutengeswa kwekuregererwa - mapepa akavimbisa kuregererwa kwezvivi. Iyo yakaipa yakanga isiri iyo yekubhadhara mari, chibayiro chechechi yake - izvi zvakajairika. Luther akatanga kutarisa vaparidzi vakawanda, avo, vachiuya kuzoreurura, vakati zvitadzo zvavo zvakawanda zvakanga zvatotengwa nekunakidzwa, saka saka vakanga vasingadi kutendeuka. Luther akanga akatsamwa zvokuti vakuru vakuru veKaturike vaiva nekodzero, kutanga, kugadzira "mutengo wematambudziko", uye chechipiri, kuzvitorera ivo kodzero dzaMwari nokuda kwekuregererwa kwezvivi.

Chii chinonzi Reformation? Iri sangano, avo vatsigiri vakasarudza kusatendera kuchinja, asi kugadzira ivo, chechi yechokwadi. Somugumisiro, mapazi ePurotesitendi akasimuka, kusanganisira akaoma zvikuru. Mudzimu weizvi zvido zvakasimba zvekuzvigadzirisa-izvo zvave chikonzero chekufunga kweAmerica.

Mapurotesitendi akazivisa kuti kubudirira kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa nebasa kana rekutengeserana chiratidzo chekuropafadzwa kwaMwari, uye ndicho chikonzero munhu wose anofanira kushanda, uye nguva dzose. Izvi zvakagadzira izvo zvinonzi maProtestant emitemo yebasa. Iyo ndiyo tsika yekuzvidzivirira uye kukwanisa kudzorera kufara kwenguva pfupi. Kuvaraidza kwakanga kusingakurudzirwi, mamwe machechi echiPurotesitendi nhasi anorambidza kutamba uye terevhizheni. Nokudaro, basa racho rakapiwa nguva yakawanda nesimba - semugumisiro, tsika dzechiPurotesitendi dzinotaura (Germany, England) dzichiri dzakapfuma nekuda kwechitendero chavo, uye mitauro yavo yakawana mamiriro enyika.

Chii chinonzi Reformation? Uku ndiko kuchinja kwoupenyu hwemweya hweEurope pakati pechipiri chemireniyumu mushure mekuberekwa kwaKristu. Yakakonzera zvakanyanya pakuguma kwenyika, kuumba pfungwa itsva uye chiratidzo chairo chenyika.