Wekupedzisira Russian tsarina Alexander Romanov

Empress Alexandra Feodorovna Romanova ... unhu Her munhau yeRussia chinoreva zvakawanda. Kudivi rimwe, mudzimai ane rudo, mai, uye kuno rumwe - muchindakadzi, categorically haana kushandisa Russian vanhu. A yakawanda Puzzles uye zvakavanzika chokuita Aleksandroy Fedorovnoy: yake nezvinhu zvitendwa - rumwe rutivi uye kutenda kwakasimba - mumwe. Vatsvakurudzi vanoti kuti yake basa nokuda unosuruvarisa kutapwa Imperial imba. Chii vanotenderedzwa musoro chitoro Biography Alexandra Feodorovna Romanova? Chii basa yaro kutapwa kwenyika? Tinopindura munyaya.

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Aleksandra Fedorovna Romanova akaberekwa June 7, 1872. Vabereki yemberi Russian Empress aiva Grand Duke pakati Washington-Darmstadt Ludwig uye British Princess Alice. The musikana aiva muzukuru Queen Victoria, uye ukama ichi basa rinokosha kuumba chimiro Alexandra.
Full zita nayo - Victoria Aliks Elena Louise Beatrice (vachikudza vanamainini). Kunze Alix (inonzi chizvarwa musikana), mumhuri Duke aiva nevana vanomwe.

Alexander (Romanov pakupedzisira) akapiwa Chirungu dzidzo chekare, zvakanga akarererwa yakaoma tsika yacho Victorian yaitonga. Kuzvininipisa akanga pose pose; hwezuva nezuva muupenyu, zvokudya, zvokupfeka. Kunyange vana tairara masoja bunks. Nechekare panguva iyoyo vari musikana kurondwa kunyara zvose hwangu iye acharwa navo dzinongoitika tushevaniem mu risingazivikanwi munzanga. Kumba, Alix haana kuziva: vakachenjera, uchinyemwerera, iye takanakidzwa yechipiri zita - "zuva."

Asi muduku haana kudaro risina makore, kutanga somugumisiro petsaona vakauraya hama, ipapo diphtheria kufa nomunun'una Mae, uye Princess Alice - mai Alix. Izvi zvakazoita kuti chokwadi kuti gore matanhatu okuberekwa musikana pamusoro pacharo, vakava nokuparadzaniswa.

youth

Pashure naamai afa, zvichienderana vakawanda Alexandra, pamusoro payo akaturika dema, rikavadzikatira zvose jeka pauduku. Zvinonzi akatumwa England kuna mbuya vake - raitonga Queen Victoria. Sezvingatarisirwa, poushe kubirwa okupedzisira nguva dzose, saka dzidzo yevana akapiwa kuti governess. Gare gare, atova Empress Alexandra haazokanganwi zvidzidzo zvichivhiringidza hwake.

Margaret Jackson - raiva zita mudzidzisi wake mudzidzisi - vakabviswa zvakajeka Victorian tsika, iye akadzidzisa musikana kufunga, kufungisisa, kuumba uye inzwi zvavanofunga. dzidzo Classical haana kupa nzwisisika kukura, asi ramangwana nemashanu Empress Alexandra Romanova kunyatsogona zvematongerwo enyika, nhoroondo, zvakakwana kuridza mumhanzi, uye aiziva mitauro yakawanda yokumwe.

Zvaiva achiri muduku, ari wemakore gumi, kutanga Alix vakasangana murume aizomuroora Nikolai. Zvino pamuchato hanzvadzi yake uye Grand Duke rwacho Segiyo. Makore matatu gare gare, panguva kukokwa ekupedzisira, zvakare anouya Russia. Nicholas akanga musikana vanoteerera.

Wedding Nikolai II

Vabereki Nicholas havana chaizvo pamwe nevechiduku - mari yakawanda, avo maonero, aiva muchato wake mwanasikana Count French Louis-Philippe. Nokuti vanoda kutanga makore mashanu kuzvitsaura, asi chokwadi ichi vachiri zvakawanda wavo pamwe chete uye vanodzidza kukoshesa kunzwa.

Kwete izvo Nicholas haadi kugamuchira kuda kwababa vake, akaramba pakuti muchato wake anodiwa. The kuitika mambo Alexander III anofanira kupa nzira: anonzwa kusvika chirwere, uye mugari wenhaka inofanira kuva bato. Asi pano Alix akagamuchira mushure kugadza zita Alexandra Feodorovna Romanova, akanga nedambudziko chakakomba; pakanga kutora kusiya Orthodoxy uye Lutheranism. Akadzidzira nheyo kwemakore maviri, pashure icho vatende weRussia. Ndikati kuti Alexander akasvika Orthodoxy nemwoyo wose. uye pfungwa wakachena.

Young muchato kwakaitika November 27, 1894, iye, zvakare, akatapa Ioann Kronshtadsky. Yakaitika chakavanzika Chechi Winter Palace. Zvose zvinoitika pamusoro pakanyorwa yokuchema, pashure 3 Mazuva pashure Alix nokukurumidza anofa Russia, Alexander III (zvino vazhinji akati iye "yakauya pabhokisi"). Alexander munyaya tsamba hanzvadzi yake musiyano pakati kusuruvara uye mukukunda kukuru - nayo vakabatana vaviri zvakawanda. Zvose, kunyange vavengi dzemhuri youmambo, akaona akazotevera mubatanidzwa simba uye kushinga Alexandra uye Nicholas II.

Blessing vaviri vechiduku pamusoro bhodhi (kugadzwa) yakaitwa musi waMay 27, 1896 panguva kubvuma Cathedral of Moscow. Kubvira panguva Aliks- "zuva" akawana musoro Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, Empress Romanov. Yakazonyorera munyaya dhayari yake kuti muchato rechipiri - pamwe Russia.

Uise mudare uye mune upenyu enyika

Kubvira pazuva rokutanga chairo rokutonga of Empress Alexandra Feodorovna - mutsigiri uye rutsigiro murume wake tsamwa mamiriro ezvinhu.

In upenyu paruzhinji, wechiduku mukadzi kuedza kukurudzira vanhu kuti rudo, nokuti wefodya pauduku kubva kuvabereki. Zvinosuruvarisa mudare pfungwa dzake hadzina kutorwa, uyezve, kuti Empress anovengwa. In zvose vaitaura ayo uye kunyange mimics dare akaona falsity uye unnaturalness. Asi chaizvoizvo vari nyore wajaira achigarira uye ndisingadi kuchinja chinhu.

Chokwadi, kufanana mukadzi upi, uye mudzimai wake, Alexandra Romanov aiva sei hurumende mabasa naye.

Vazhinji enyika akakurumbira nguva yakati kuti akanga inokanganisa Nicholas. Ndizvo maonero Somuenzaniso, S. Witte. A General A. Mosolov uye Senator Gurko katsamba pamwe kuzvidemba kukundikana Russian munzanga yacho. The yokupedzisira blames haana capricious hunhu uye vamwe kutya Empress kuitika uye chirikadzi Alexander III, Mariyu Fedorovnu, kusvikira pakuguma uye haana kutora mwanasikana.

Kunyange zvakadaro, nyaya akamunzwa, uye kwete nokutya, asi vachiremekedza. Hongu, akanga yakaoma, asi sezvaakanga ari, uye noruremekedzo inozviitira. Alix haasati kukanganwa ake zvikumbiro nemirayiridzo, mumwe nomumwe wavo akanga zvakanaka vaiona uye akadzikama. Pachokwadi akamuda, avo vakanga pedyo Empress, vasingazvizivi runyerekupe, uye zvikuru pachavo. Nokuti vamwe Empress akaramba ari "bhiza rima" uye nenyaya makuhwa.

Vaiva noushamwari chaizvo wongororo pamusoro Alexander. Saka, Ballerina M. Kshesinskaya (panzira, akanga ari mwene Nicholas kumuchato okupedzisira pamwe Alix) anotaura naye sezvo mukadzi tsika dzakanaka mukuru mweya.

Children: Grand Duchesses

First Grand Duchess Olga anozvarwa 1895. Vanhu kusada nokuti Empress rwakatokura kupfuura, nekuti vose akanga akamirira mukomana, mugari wenhaka. Alexander, vashayiwa mhinduro uye kutsigira kwavo kuedza dzenyaya delves chose muupenyu hwemhuri, kunyange anodya mwanasikana wavo pachavo, pasina kushandisa kuminamato munhu kuti haina kwese kunyange vaine mhuri, kwete zvikuru nokuda Empress.

Gare gare akaberekerwa Tatiana, Maria uye Anastasia. Nikolay Aleksandrovich uye Alexandra vakanga vana nyore uye kuchena mweya. Yaiva munhuwo mhuri, isingambokwanisi nokuzvikudza.

Akarerwa mambokadzi pachake Aleksandra Romanova. The chete Kusara vaiva nyaya rakamanikana chikuru. Zvizhinji pfungwa inobhadharwa mitambo panze mitambo, nomwoyo wose. Amai aiva munhu uyo musikana anogona kushandisa chero nguva uye chero chikumbiro. Vaigara pave norudo uye kuvimba kwakakwana. Zvakanga zvachose kufara, mhuri vepachokwadi.

Girls pasimba pave nomwero uye vaanotendera. Amai chete vakavarayira kuti kubhadhara kudzivirira pamusoro kunyanyisa kwokunyanyisa nokuriritira kuzvininipisa uye dzakachena. Vari chaizvo Kashoma chikamu pasocial zviitiko. pokupinda kwavo vanhu aihuitira chete zvinodiwa dare nokuzvibata. Alexandra Feodorovna, mudzimai Nicholas 2, vachitya kuti ichaparadzwa mwanasikana kwamachinda kukanganisa vasikana.

With mashandiro mai Alexandra dzakakunda sowakajeka. The Grand Duchesses akakura, vepachokwadi vaduku Vakadzi zvinoshamisa wakachena. All mumhuri akatonga kunoshamisa mweya runako wechiKristu. Zvinonzi munyaya diaries dzavo uye Nicholas II, uyo uye Aleksandra Romanova. Inoti pazasi, chete kusimbisa mashoko pamusoro:

"Rudo rwedu uye upenyu hwedu - wose ... Hapana chinogona kutibatsira agovane kana kuderera rudo rwedu" (Alexandra).

"A isingawanzowanikwi mhuri ifare Ishe akatikomborera" (Emperor Nicholas II).

Kuberekwa mudyi wenhaka

Chinhu bedzi dzichikanganisa upenyu vakaroorana, - kushaya mudyi wenhaka. Pachiitiko ichi, Aleksandra Romanova akanetseka chaizvo. Mumazuva iwayo, akava chaizvo. In kuedza kunzwisisa chikonzero uye kugadzirisa dambudziko, ivo Empress anotanga kuti zvematongerwo zvitendwa uye kunyange zvakawanda kwakafanorongwa mune chitendero. Izvi zvinoratidzwa wake, Nicholas II, uye nokuti anonzwa kurwadziwa mupfungwa mukadzi waaida.

Kwakasarudzwa kukwezva vanachiremba yakanakisisa. Zvinosuruvarisa pakati pavo akawira munhu charlatan chaiyo, Philippe. Vachibva France, akanga saka akafuridzira Empress kufunga pamuviri, kuti iye aitenda muna chii ndiye mudyi wenhaka. Alexandra Feodorovna vakava kushoma chaizvo chirwere - a "pamuviri venhema". Pazvakava pachena kuti mudumbu mune mambokadzi Russian inokura pasi pokudzora psycho-kunetsa, ndaifanira kuita pamutemo chiziviso kuti mutsivi achava. Firipi ignominiously muBenin.

Papera chinguva, Alix achiri pamuviri uye anobereka 12 August 1904 mukomana - Tsesarevicha Alekseya. Asi handina kuwana-refu akamirirwa mufaro Aleksandra Romanova. Biography panoti upenyu Empress kubva panguva iyi yava zvinosuruvarisa. Chokwadi chokuti mukomana akanga awana isingawanzowanikwi chirwere - hemophilia. Ihosha nhaka, izvo kutakurwa nomukadzi. Chaizvoizvo charo kuti ropa asingadi clot. Munhu nechido kugara marwadzo uye pfari. The yakakurumbira wenhumbi hemophilia Gene raiva Koroleva Viktoriya, zita remadunhurirwa mbuya Europe. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, chirwere vakagamuchira zita akadai: "Victorian chirwere" uye "wamambo chirwere". In yakanakisisa kutarisirwa mugari wenhaka aigona kusvika vaifanira makore 30, paavhareji, varwere Kashoma kukunda zera chipingamupinyi makore 16.

Rasputin mu upenyu Empress

Mune dzimwe manyuko unogona kuwana ruzivo kuti aigona kubatsira Tsarevich Alexei chete munhu mumwe - Grigory Rasputin. Kunyange zvazvo chirwere chinonzi chirwere uye chisingarapiki, pane uchapupu hwokuti "munhu waMwari" neminyengetero ake aigona ostensibly kumisa kutambura anotambudzika mwana. Nei izvi - zvakaoma kutaura. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti chirwere korona Prince ndiro ezvinhu muchivande. Inogona akagumisa, kusvikira kuvimba murimi mudiki Tobolsk dzemhuri youmambo iyi uncouth.

On ukama Rasputin uye Empress zvakanyorwa zvizhinji: vamwe chizenga kwaari chete basa muponesi mugari wenhaka, imwe - aidanana Aleksandroy Fedorovnoy. Recent zvigadzirwa hadzina padzakavakirwa - upombwe Empress ipapo vanhu aiva nechivimbo pamusoro kutengesa Queen Nicholas II uye Gregory makuhwa. Pashure pezvose, akaudza murume mutana nezvazvo, asi ipapo akanga tsvarakadenga akadhakwa, saka zvaaigona nyore yokudavira zvavanoda. A guhwa havadi zvikuru kuberekwa. Maererano dzepedyo, haavengi youmambo vaviri, chikonzero chikuru kuti pedyo ukama Rasputin uye mhuri youmambo vakanga chaizvo acharwisa Alexei hemophilia.

Uye sei kunetseka Nikolay Aleksandrovich makuhwa, aitaura pachena zita wake? Akafunga izvi zvose chinhu kupfuura ingano uye kukodzera kuvhiringidzwa vari voga mhuri. Rasputin pachake sezvo Emperor akasarangarira "nyore Russian murume, chaizvo zvechitendero uye akatendeka."

Unonzi rimwe chinhu: mhuri youmambo vakanga Gregory zvakadzama tsitsi. Vaiva pakati vashoma zvechokwadi vakachema pashure kupondwa mutana.

Romanova munguva yehondo

The War World First akamanikidza Nicholas II vabve St. Petersburg kusvika GHQ. Hurumende vakatorawo pamusoro kutarisirwa Alexandra Feodorovna Romanova. It anonyatsoteerera kuti Empress erudo. Hondo kunonzwisiswa sechipo dambudziko: neshungu pachokwadi, vachiona mauto ari mberi, uye akachema vakafa. Iye kuverenga munyengetero pamusoro nerimwe idzva guva kwomurwi mumwe rawa, sezvinonzi aiva hama yake. Zvinokuchengetedzai kutaura kuti zita rokuti "Mutsvene" Aleksandra Romanova atogamuchira muupenyu hwake. Iyi ndiyo nguva apo Alix yakawanda wanamatira Orthodoxy.

Zvaizoratidza sokuti norunyerekupe kunge poutihnut: nyika iri kutambura kurwa. Kwete napaduku, vava kunyanya chisimba. Somuenzaniso, zvakanga akapomerwa Kunyanya mweya wamasvikiro. It zvaisagona wechokwadi, nokuti kunyange ipapo Empress aiva murume zvokunamata zvikuru, achisiya zvimwe-enyika.

Minyengetero kubatsira nyika aisafunga munguva yehondo. Pamwe chete nevanasikana vake Alexandra Inoziva unyanzvi ravanamukoti: vakatanga kushanda pachipatara, kubatsira vanachiremba vanovhiya (takabatsira pakuvhiya), akaita marudzi ose hanya vakakuvadzwa. Zuva nezuva, panguva hafu apfuura pfumbamwe mangwanani vakatanga basa ravo pamwe nemamwe mukoti icheneswe Empress kudimburwa maoko nemakumbo, mbatya dzakasviba, akamusunga maronda, kusanganisira gangrenous. Zvakanga chinoshamisa kuti vamiririri rokumusoro kwamachinda, vakaunganidza mari yezvipo kuti kumberi, akashanyira zvipatara, zvokurapa masangano akazarurwa. Asi hapana aishanda uchishandisa mukamuri, sezvakaita Empress. Uye zvose izvi pasinei nokuti akanga ndondo utano zvinodzinetsawo uye kunyadzisa huta manzwiro uye kakawanda kuzvarwa.

Royal dzoushe vakanga vatendeuka kuzvipatara, Alexandra pachake akaumba muchipatara nezvitima uye mushonga dzokuchengetera. Iye akaita mhiko kuti chero bedzi kuine hondo, kana iye kana Duchesses Grand haana kusona ndiri chete rokwe. Uye akaramba kusvikira pakuguma ichokwadi shoko rake.

The chinhu Aleksandry Romanovoy womudzimu

Iye akanga zvokunamata zvikuru Alexandra Romanova? Photos uye Portraits of Empress, hwakawanda huripo, kuratidza nguva dzose inosuruvarisa meso mukadzi uyu, ivo akaramba vamwe kuchema. Kunyange paaiva muduku pamwe zvizere kuzvitsaurira zvaida kutenda Orthodox, kusiya Lutheranism, iyo akakurira pamusoro chokwadi kubva pauduku.

Life ukapisa murwi kuti pedyo Mwari, iye kazhinji vanotiza kunyengetera kana kuedza pamuviri mukomana, - paanowana nezvenguva dzinouraya chirwere mwanakomana wake. Uye muhondo, iye mubishi ndichinamatira varwi, vakakuvadzwa uye vaya vakafa nokuda kumusha. zuva ose pamberi ushumiri hwake ari muchipatara Alexandra opedza nguva minyengetero. Zvinangwa izvi, muna chevaux raMwari Palace kunyange ane munamato kamuri.

Zvisinei, basa rake kuna Mwari haana chete kushingaira paminyengetero Empress zvakunowedzera munhu zvechokwadi pamwero mukuru rudo. Iye akaronga musha chevana, achiyamwisa kumba, vakawanda zvipatara. Akawana nguva murandakadzi wake kukudzwa, atadza kufamba: akataura naye pamusoro Mwari, mutungamiriri pakunamata uye kutsigira ose zuva.

Alexandra kumbobvira akaratidza kutenda kwake vanoonekwa, kunyanya achipfuura munyika akashanyira machechi uye zvipatara vakanga incognito. Aigona nyore batanidza boka vatendi, nekuti yake zviito vakanga zvakasikwa, zvakanga zvichibva pamwoyo. Chitendero waiva Alexandra kuva dzavasinei nadzo. Vakawanda dare akaedza kutsvaka mambokadzi manotsi unyengeri, asi vakasagona.

Saka murume wake, Nicholas II. Vaida Mwari nomwoyo wako wose, uye Russia, havana kufungidzira imwe upenyu kunze Russia. Havana kusiyanisa vanhu vasingabvumi tara mutsetse pakati Noble uye vanhuwo zvavo. Ungangove, saka, zvisingatomboiti nomukomana Tobolsk, Grigoriy Rasputin, panguva yake "abatwa" iri dzemhuri youmambo.

Kusungwa, nhapwa uye kutenda

Migumo basa Alexandra, yakapondwa iri Ipatiev imba apo mhuri mambo vakatapwa mushure 1917 chimurenga. Kunyange pakutarisana kuswedera rufu, pasi muzzles ari chevapfuri, iye anoita chiratidzo chomuchinjikwa.

"Russian Gorogota" vakaprofita dzemhuri youmambo kanopfuura kamwe, vakararama naro zvose hwangu, muchiziva kuti zvinhu zvose kuchaguma zvikuru kwavari. Vakateerera kwaMwari uye nokudaro vakakunda mauto zvakaipa. The youmambo Vaviri akavigwa chete muna 1998.