Zvinyorwa zvezana remakore rechi18

Muzana remakore gumi nemasere ndiro nguva yeChiedza. Akatora tsika yekare uye zvose zvakazadzirwa zveRenaissance. Simba guru resainzi, tsika uye tsika dzenzanga dzakapiwa nemabhuku ezana remakore rechi18, izvo zvakaita kuti rive neropafadzo inokosha kune tsika dzepasi. Icho Chiedza chakapa simba kumusangano mukuru weFrench French, uyo wakashandura zvachose urongwa hwehupenyu hweEurope.

Zvinyorwa zvezana remakore rechi18 zvakange zvichinyanya kudzidziswa, varidzi varo vaiva mafirosofi makuru nevanyori. Ivo pachavo vaiva nechikwata chinoshamisa chezivo, dzimwe nguva encyclopedic, uye nechikonzero chakanaka vaitenda kuti munhu chete akajekeswa anogona kuchinja nyika ino. Vakatakura mafungiro avo evanhu kuburikidza nemabhuku, ayo aisanganisira kunyanya kwemashoko efilosofi. Aya mabasa akanyorwa kune vakawanda vakasiyana-siyana vevadzidzi vanogona kufunga uye kufunga. Vanyori vaitarisira saizvozvo kunzwiwa nenhamba huru yevanhu.

Nguva yacho kubva muna 1720 kusvika muna 1730-inonzi inojekesa classicism. Zvinyorwa zvaro zvakanyanya ndezvokuti vanyori vakaseka umambo hwakakwana, zvichibva pamuenzaniso wezvinyorwa zvekare uye unyanzvi. Mune mabasa aya, kune manzwiro ekusava nehanya uye masimba, ane chinangwa kumusana wekusika nyika yeparadhiso.

Mabhuku emamwe mabhuku ezana remakore rechi18 akaita zvakawanda. Akakwanisa kuratidza ma heroes avo vechokwadi vashandi. Nokuda kweizvi vanhu, kuenzana, hukama uye hurumende ndiyo inonyanya kukosha. Ichokwadi, zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti masimba aya haana zvachose asina unhu, unhu, ivo vanongova nemafungiro makuru.

Chiedza chechikoro chinoshandiswa chinotsiviwa nekudzidziswa kwezvidzidzo, izvo zvinounza mabhuku pedyo pedzidziso dzevanhu. Mabhuku ezvokune dzimwe nyika ezana remakore rechi18 anowana hutungamiri hutsva, hunoita zvechokwadi uye hutongi. Vanyori vanotarisana nemunhu, kurondedzera hupenyu hwake, vataure nezvekutambura kwake uye kutambura. Neyo mutauro wemanano uye nhetembo, vanyori vanoshevedza vaverengi vavo kuti vanyoro uye tsitsi. Vanhu vakajekeswa muzana remakore rechi18 vanotanga kuverenga mabasa aVoltaire, Rousseau, Diderot, Montesquieu, Lessing, Fielding uye Defoe. Vanonyanya kutaurwa ndevamwe vanhuwo zvavo vasingakwanisi kudzivisa tsika dzevanhu, vane ngozi uye vanowanzoshaya simba. Vanyori vemabasa aya vachiri kure kwazvo nemifananidzo chaiyo yezvinyorwa zvema heroes ezana remakore rechi19 ne20, asi kune ikozvino kuonekwa kusingaoneki kune kutsanangurwa kwevanhu vanonyanya kukosha.

Mabhuku eRussia ezana remakore rechi18 anotangira kubva pakuvandudzwa kwaPetro I, zvishoma nezvishoma achigadzirisa nzvimbo dzechiedza chechiedza chekujekesa nekubudirira. Vamiririri vepanguva iyi vaiva vanyori vakadai saAntiochus Cantemir, Trediakovsky naSomarokov. Vakagadzira ivhu rakaorera muvhu reRussia mukukudziridza matarenda emagwaro. Chinhu chisingaenzaniswi chaLomonosov , Fonvizin, Derzhavin, Radishchev naKaramzin. Tinoramba tichiyemura matarenda avo uye nzvimbo yevanhu.

Zvinyorwa zveChirungu zvezana remakore rechi18 zvakaratidzwa nekuumbwa kwenzira dzakasiyana-siyana panguva imwe chete. VaBrithani ndivo vakatanga kushandisa mitauro yakadaro sevanosangana nevanhu uye vemhuri manyore ayo matarenda aRichardson, Smollett, Stevenson, uye, pasina mubvunzo, Swift, Defoe naFielding vakaratidzwa. Vanyori veEngland vaiva pakati pevokutanga kutsoropodza kwete bourgeois system, asi bourgeois ivo pachavo, tsika dzavo netsika dzakanaka. Ichokwadi, Jonathan Swift akafuridzira runyararo rwake uye urongwa huri hukuru hwekuratidzira, kuratidza mumabasa ake kunyanya kuipa kwayo. Zvinyorwa zveChirungu zvezana remakore rechi18 zvinomiririrwawo nechiitiko chinonzi sentimentalism. Iyo izere nekusava netariro, kusatenda mune zvinangwa uye inongororwa chete pamanzwiro, sekutonga, kwerudo rwehupenyu.