Akapiwa neMutemo wekutuzov. Knights of the Order of Kutuzov

Apo hondo inoputika kwose kwose, zvakaoma kwazvo kutungamirira pfungwa uye simba revanhu munzira yakarurama. Dongo, kutambura, rufu - zvose izvi zvinomutsa simba rekuvhiringidza. Kunyange zvakadaro, kune rumwe rudzi rwevanhu vanoziva kukosha kwemamiriro ezvinhu, asi havazvipi. Ivo vakakodzera mibairo yakanakisisa, nokuti maitiro avo echisimba akaponesa upenyu hwevanhu vazhinji. Iyi chokwadi yakagamuchirwa nehurumende yeU.SR munguva yeHigh Patriotic War. Zvaionekwa kuti vanhu vari kurwisana zvakanyanya zvikuru uye zvakasimba pavanoziva nezvekunze kwekunotsigira. Nokudaro, kunze kwechirevo chakakurumbira chaStalin "Kwete chiito shure," kubva panguva ya1941 kusvika muna 1945, nhamba huru yemarudzi ose emaricho yakabudiswa. Chinangwa chezvisikwa zvavo chakanga chisina chinangwa kunze kwekukurudzira kwevatungamiri vepamusoro nemasoja evanhu vose. Pamashoko ose e "mibayiro" yakadai, Mutemo wekutuzov, wakagadzirwa muna 1943, unooneka.

Nhoroondo yezvisikwa zveDare rekutuzov

Mukutanga kwehondo, nyika yeSoviet yakatambura zvakanyanya. Nokudaro, pamativi ose kuenderera mberi kwemauto makuru eRed Army kwakaitwa mukati memvura yakadzika, asi nzira iyi yaifambidzana nekudzivirira nguva dzose nemuvengi. Panewo mhaka apo varwi vakakombwa, asi havana kumbofunga nezvekurega. Muenzaniso wakajeka ndezvokudzivirirwa kwakakurumbira kweBrest Fortress.

Kunyangwe kufunga nezvekuwedzera kwemazita emasimba evengi uye kukwana kwakakwana, masoja edu haana kusiya nzvimbo dzavo. Zvinonzwisisika, maitiro akadaro nemauto eArms Army aisagona kusimbisa hutungamiri hwehurumende. Kuti zvikurudzire mamwe mauto ose kuita zvisarudzo zvakasarudzwa, zvakasarudzwa kuti zvigadzire hurongwa hwakakosha. Mutemo wekupa mubairo unoratidza zvakajeka kuti "kudzivirirwa" kunowanikwa. Mune mamwe mazwi, vanhu vakagadzirirwa kwete nekuda kwekunyadzisa, asi kuti vaite zvinyorwa uye nekushingaira mumamiriro ekudzivirira. Dzimwe nyanzvi munhoroondo yeGreat Patriotic War dzinoona kufanana kuduku pakati peChirongwa cheSuvorov neKutuzov, asi pane zvishoma zvichinyatsoitika izvo zvingaita kuti pave nemashoko akadaro. Kunyange Mitemo yezvikwereti izvi yakasiyana zvachose nemitemo nemitemo.

Mutemo wekutuzov unofadza zvikuru nekuti zvikamu zvake zvakagadzwa panguva dzakasiyana. Inofanirawo kucherechedza zuva rokugadzwa - July 29, 1942, zuva rakatevera kusayirwa kweChirevo Nha. 227 ("Kwete chiito shure"). Tichigovera zvose zvataurwa pamusoro apa, tinogona kugumisa: vanhu avo vakagamuchira Mutemo wekutuzov, vaikodzera mukudzoka kana kuvharana. Kunatswa nekuremekedza zvinotarisirwa maererano nezvo zvavakapihwa pamutengo, zvinopa Statute yeDare.

Mutemo weDare rekutuzov

Uyu mutemo ndeyeimwe sarudzo yemitemo, maererano neiyo vatungamiri vakaiswa kune iyo mubairo. Vose avo vakapa Mutemo wekutuzov vaifanira kuita chimwe chiito chekudzivirira. Dhigirii yakatsigirwa nehurukuro iyo munhu akaratidzwa kumukomboti. Kune zvidimbu zvitatu chete zvehutano, kureva: I, II, III.

Degrees of the Order

1. Mutemo we Kutuzov I degree

Mubairo wakapiwa kune mauto epamusoro-soro: mutungamiri wemauto, vakuru vevashandi, etc. Pane mazita emamiriro ezvinhu ayo munhu aigona kupiwa Mutemo we Kutuzov I degree:

- Nokuda kwekushanda kwakagadziridzwa, semugumisiro wokukunda kukunda muvengi kwakawanikwa.

- Nokuda kwerongwa hwakanakisisa hwekudzoka, umo maitiro makuru evanhu akaitwa.

- Nokugadzirisa kurwisana kwemaumbirwo nemasimba makuru evengi.

2. Mutemo we Kutuzov II degree

Mutemo we Kutuzov we II degree wakapiwa kuvatungamiriri nevatungamiriri vevashandi, brigades uye mapoka ezviitiko zvinotevera:

- Kuramba uye kushingaira kurwisana nemasimba ekufambira mberi.

- Kukwanisa kugadzirisa mauto muhondo yakaoma.

- Mano ekurwisana mumamiriro ezvinhu.

3. Mutemo we Kutuzov III degree

Mubairo wakapiwa kuvatungamiri vemakambani, regiments uye mabhenta:

- Nokuda kwekutorwa kwemuvengi mukuru kupikisa unit, zvichienderana nekurasika kwevashandi vayo.

- Nokuda kwekutsvaka muvengi, pamwe nekutonga kwemauto ake.

- Nokuda kwekukundwa kwemuvengi.

Knights of the Order of Kutuzov

Saka, ndiani akapiwa iyo yakakwirira? Vatungamiri vekutanga 17, vakapa Mutemo we Kutuzov I degree: mukuru weuto reTrans-Caucasi Front, General Tyulenev; Colonel General Purkaev; Lieutenant-General Zakharov naMalinin; Kurayira mauto mutungamiriri-mukuru uye mukuru mukuru Zhadov, Zhuravlev, Dukhanov, Galanin, Galitsky, Romanenko, Fedyuninsky, Romanovsky, Kharitonov, Trufanov, Khomenko, Gromadin, Koroteev.

Vamwe vatungamiri vaigona kuwana urongwa hweviri kana katatu. Somuenzaniso, Marshal Sokolovsky, Colonel-General Koroteyev, Colonel-General Nikitini, Shtykov, Major-General Vladimirsky vakagamuchira mitemo mitatu.

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti Mutemo wekutuzov - Soviet Union yepamusoro-sarudzo - yakapiwa kwete neSoviet chete. Kusvika iye zvino, vanopfuura zana vese servicemen kunze kwenyika avo Knights of the Order vanozivikanwa.

Kuonekwa

Zvinyorwa zvekugadzirwa zvaive zvichienderana nehuwandu hwehutungamiri. Yokutanga yakagadzirwa nendarama, yechipiri uye yechitatu - yesirivha. Mutemo Kutuzov I degree yakanga yakazara yegoridhe, yakaurayiwa sechimiro chechishanu chine nyeredzi ine micheche mizhinji. Pakati pakanga pane denderedzwa rakaputirwa muchena. Muchikati chacho, munhu aigona kuona mufananidzo we Kutuzov pamucheto weKremlin. Mucheka wemufananidzo uyu wakaitwa nenzira yegoridhe -yeure-oak wreath. Mufananidzo wemukuru mukuru wakakomberedzwa nemutsara wakachena wakavezwa, pane wakanyorwa kuti: "Mikhail Kutuzov."

Mutemo wekutuzov nhasi

MuRussia Federation iyo chirongwa hachina kumbobviswa. Asi kusvikira muna 2010, akanga asina Statute. Ukama hwakabviswa, asi hutsva hwakanga husati hwagadzirwa. Zvinhu zvose zvakachinja musi waSeptember 7, 2010, apo Mutungamiri akabudisa mutemo "Pamatanho ekuvandudza mubhadharo." Iyo yakanyatsorondedzera yose mirairo uye iyo inogadziriswa yemugove wavo.

Saka, munyaya iyo nhoroondo yekugadzwa kwezvinyorwa zvakaongororwa, pamwe chete nevanhu vanopiwa neHurumende ye Kutuzov. Iyo ichiri kukosha nhasi.