Bursa ndiro zita rechikoro chemweya mumazuva ekare uye kwete chete. Zvinoreva izwi

Chinhu chokutanga chinouya mupfungwa kana tichitaura nezita rokuti "bursa" ndiro basa raVi NV Gogol, nokuti munhu mukuru weiyi ino, Homa Brutus, ndiye bursak uyo akaenda kumba munguva yekuvakwa. Mune zvinyorwa zvomunyori uyu, sangano iri rinotaurwa kakawanda (Andrei naOstap Bulba vaivawo bursaks). Zvidzidzo zvemuMweya zvakapararira muUkraine (Empire reRussia) uye muPoland. Nezvevakapedza kudzidza bursa vakanyora Kuprin, naPomyalovsky.

Metamorphoses yezwi

Kutendeukira kumatangiro ezwi, iro rakabva mururimi rwechiLatini, rinofanira kucherechedza kuti mumutauro chaiwo shoko rokuti "bursa" ihomwe kana chehomwe. Zvadaro muMiddle Ages, izwi iri rakanzwisiswa sevashandi vese vekudzidziswa, imba yevatongi, kubatana kana ukama. Zvishoma nezvishoma izwi racho rakashandura zvinorehwa nereji yemari ye chikoro chemweya, uyezve kumusinari uye hostel pachayo. Hapana chinhu chinoshamisa pakuziva kuti masangano ezvidzidzo ane zita iri anotanga kuonekwa muFrance, nokuti mutauro wenyika ino unosvibisa chiLatin.

Imba yacho ine zvinyorwa zvizere yakapiwa kuvadzidzi veimwe dzimba dzekudzidzisa nezvose zvakadanwa zvinonzi bursa, uye vadzidzi vanogara mairi vainzi mabursaks, asi muchiFrench zvakanzwika zvakanyanya kunaka: bursarli kana bursiati. MuFrance kusvika pakuguma kwezana remakore re XIX raive rakajairika.

Iyo bursa yakakurumbira yeMambo weRussia

MuUkraine nePoland, seminari inonyanya chikoro chemweya, iyo muKiev yakagadziridzwa kuva mudzidzi wechikoro. MuKakow, bursa Dlugosa akapona kusvika muna 1840. Ichi chikoro chakataurwa pamusoro peKiev-hama uye hostel chakaumbwa pasi pePeter Mogil, Metropolitan yeKiev, Galicia uye All Russia muzana remakore rechi17.

Upenyu mu bursa hwakanga husiri nyore, nokuti hwakapiwa nezvipo, kunyanya kubva kuCossack maitiro, akatanga kutumbuka muzana remakore re XVII. Sezvo zvokudya, zvipfeko uye dzimba zvakapiwa pasina chaive zvakanyanya kupfuura zvishoma, mabursaks akatanga kugovera kuponesa kwavo nezvipo. Vadzidzi vacho vakaita izvi. Pakati pavo gore roga rega uye vakasarudza zvakasarudzwa boka revanhu vainge vabatanidzwa mukuunganidzwa kwezvipo uye kugoverwa kwavo. Vakanga vari vatungamiri, vatsigiri nevanyori. Ne album yakakosha Album, vanhu vakavimbika vakakurudzira nyika yacho nechikumbiro chezvipo.

Mukuwedzera, vana vane zvipo vakagadzira mazamu, ayo akawana nzira dzinodikanwa nekuverenga nhetembo, kuronga mazano, kutamba mitambo nekuita kant.

Bhabhi chiratidzo

Mamiriro evanhu vakapedza kudzidza muBurgsa akavandudzwa zvakadzama nezana remakore rechi18. Nokuti Metropolitan Arseny, muparidzi wedare reElizabeth Petrovna, akatarisira nezvekuguma kwemabursaks. Akawedzera mari yavakapiwa uye akaendesa chikoro kubva kune imwe yehuni kusvika kune rimwe dombo, zvichidaro nekuvandudza mararamiro evaridzi vekudzidzisa. Kunyange zvakadaro, kuunganidza mari nemabursak kwakagadziriswa muna 1786. Zviri pachena, kwaiva nekushungurudza, uye chidzidzo mu bursa chakatambura.

Mune mamwe masinari, izwi rekudzidza raiva makore matatu kana kupfuura. Pamwe nekutaura, mafiroso uye tewoloji, nhoroondo, geography uye mathematics zvakadzidzwa. Asi seminari yezvidzidzo zvebhaibheri dzakapiwa vana kubva kune imwe kana zvishoma zvishoma yezvakanyatsogadziriswa kwevanhu, apo bursas yairehwa varombo, izwi redzidzo harina kudarika makore maviri, uye chiyero cheruzivo rwakapiwa rwakanga rushoma. Vakanga vachitungamirirwa nemamiriro ezvinhu asina kusimba uye tsika dzine utsinye, vana vakanga vasina kudya uye vasina kusimbiswa, munhu haagoni kutaura nezvekuwana dzidzo yakanaka. Zvose izvi zvinonyatsotsanangurwa muN.G. Pomyalovsky's Essays muBursa. Izvo zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti bhuku racho rakakonzera kusununguka kwakanyanya munzanga. Zvichida ndicho chikonzero masangano ezvidzidzo asingatauri zivo yakasimba anonzi kudzvinyirira bursa.

Dzimwe tsika

Asi bursa haisi yezvose zvataurwa pamusoro apa. Izwi iri rinorevei kune shoko iri? Bursa ndiro guta rechina guru muTurkey, riri kuchamhembe-kumavirira kweAntalya. Mukuwedzera, kune chidimbu cheBURS, chinomirira " kupisa uye kuvhara kwemaawa." Pasina idzi mauto mashandisi emvura uye inopisa mvura haigoneki . Inopa hutachi-hutambotanga kutanga-up yehuvha, kushandiswa kwemadimbisi anodikanwa uye kuomeswa, kugovera mafuta uye mamwe mabasa. Zvechokwadi, icho chimwe nechimwe chinogadzirisa chete chirongwa chinonzi BURS chirongwa chinopiwa nokuda kwayo.