Pontic Greek ndiani? Nhoroondo yePontian Greeks

Pontian ChiGiriki - mumiririri weGreek ethnos, iyo vanhu vasati vasati vauya kweNew Era yakagadzikana neGungwa DzemaGungwa (muchiGiriki-Pontus). Pakutanga, kugadzirisa kwavo kugadzirisa kwakange kuri kumhenderekedzo yekuchamhembe yeTurkey, uye chete ipapo vakagara munzvimbo yose yeGungwa Dzvuku.

Pontic Greeks - ndivana ani?

Ponto ndiro zita rezvakaitika munharaunda yeAsia Minor. Nharaunda yacho inotambanudza kubva kumuganhu weAzerbaijan neTurkey, inodarika nzvimbo yose yeTurkey uye inopera mumuganhu wemaguta eNikopol - Akdagma-Deni. Vagari vechiGiriki vakazviwana sei kure zvakadaro kubva kune zvitsuwa zvezuva rekugara kwavo?

VaGiriki vekare vakazvisimbisa pachavo sevatengesi vakakurumbira uye vatongi. Nyika yavo yepamba yakanga yakatariswa nevhu rakaoma uye nzvimbo ine makomo. Izvi zvakagadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu anogamuchirwa ekuberekorora zvipfuwo, asi varimi vainge vane nguva yakaoma - mhepo yakawanda yemakomo yakaunza zvigadzirwa zviduku, zvakanga zvisingakwanisi kudya mhuri dzavo. Sezvo ari muridzi ane nyanzvi, vaGiriki havana kuve nekurima kwekurima kwekurima, asi vakawana tarisiro yefuma yegungwa nemigwagwa yekutengesa ivo pachavo.

Nzira dzokutengeserana

ChiPontian Greek chikepe uye mutengesi. Akange ari muenzi wekugamuchirwa pamabhanga ose eOecumene. VaGiriki vakazvipira mubasa ravo rokuvandudza marwende avo, vachigadzira nzira itsva dzekutengeserana nemadzinza ekure. Yaiva munzvimbo dzakachengetwa pfuma midzimba miduku yevashambadziri nevatengesi vakasimuka avo vaiwanzoita zvekutengeserana nevanhu vedzinza uye pamitengo yakawanda yakadzorera zvinhu zvisiri zvekare mumaguta eGreece, Asia uye kuMiddle East.

Kutanga Maguta

Guta rekare raizivikanwa rePontian Greeks rakawanikwa pamhenderekedzo yeAsia Minor, muguta reMilita. Mumakore mashomanana, mumakore eVIII-IX BC. E. Siniop yakaisvonaka yakaonekwa, iyo ichiri iparera yeGurkey Black Sea. Zvadaro, kufanana nehowa mushure memvura, maguta eAmissos, Kotior, Kerasund nevamwe vakawanda vakasimuka. Herodotus wekare haana kutaura pasina kuti vePontic Greeks vakagara vakakomberedza Gungwa Dzvuku, sematatya ari pamucheto kwegomba. Ichi chifananidziro chinonyatsoratidza chinangwa uye nzira dzekugadzirisa kwevaGiriki.

Pasinei nekunamata kwakanyanya, kwakanga kusina zvipimo zvakakura nemadzinza. Izwi rechiGiriki rePontiac raiziva nzira yekutaura nevanhu vasiri hondo kwete nekubatsira kwekumanikidzwa, asi nekubatsira kwekunyorera mari. Mutemo wakadaro wakashaya matauriro evatungamiriri vevanhu vemunharaunda - kana mumwe munhu ainge atsamwa, vatorwa vaida kubhadhara, uye kwete kurwisana. VaPontiki vaGiriki vakasimbisa michina yakanaka kwazvo-vaiunza zvinhu zvakagadzirwa uye zviyo zvezviyo kunyika yavo, uye maorivhi, waini, ivhu nemishonga yekugadzira, zvishongo zvakaendeswa kumaguta ari kure.

Chitendero netsika dzePontasi

Nzvimbo uye faira yevanhu vekare-yePontic Greek-yakaratidza sei kugara kwavo kubva kunyika yavo? Chitendero chevagari ava vainyanya kukopa zvitendero zvenyika iri kure. Vakanamata vanamwari vose vakakurumbira veOlympus, asi ivo vaifarirawo.

Kusvikira ikozvino, pamhenderekedzo yeAsia Minor, kune masara ematemberi ePoseidon neHermes - vashandi vegungwa nekutengeserana. Paiva naPontiki maGiriki uye tsika dzavo. Somuenzaniso, vazhinji vavo vakada kutsanangura mavambo avo nemanzwiro aJason uye Argonauts. Zvichida mvere dzendarama mumutambo uyu unozivikanwa unofananidzira pfuma yeGungwa DzemaGungwa, kunze kwekuti, ganda remakwai (revere) ndeimwe yezvinhu zvikuru zvekutengeserana.

Tsika uye Art

IPontic Greek yakashingaira kuchengetedza maziviro ake uye yakazviti iHenenenic, mumiriri wehupfumi, kusiyana nevashori-madzinza akapoteredza, avo panguva iyoyo vakanga vari padanho rekuparara kwemhuri. Vagari vemakoloni vakachengetedza ruzivo rwavo uye vakapa nyika nyika yakasiyana-siyana, inozivikanwa mumabasa akasiyana-siyana emabasa. Philosopher Diogenes, vezvematongerwo enyika Difil, Iraklid, Stravon. Iko kare mumireniyamu yekutanga, mazita aVissarion nevamwe vakaonekwa mu teolojia, uye New Time yakaratidza mazita akadaro seKaratzasov, Ypsilantov, Murusis nevamwe.

Muchirevo chemashoko ezvakaitika kare

Munguva yeAlexandro Mukuru, simba rechiGiriki rakapararira kumaodzanyemba kweTurkey - nguva yeHenieni yakatanga. Mukutonga kweMithridates iyi simba raive rakasimba kwazvo - muAsia Minor mutauro wavo wakazadzwa, zvivako zvekuvakwa uye unyanzvi zvakasikwa.

Mumazuva ose eUmambo hweRoma, chiGiriki chePontian chinova muKristu. Kuvonga vaapositori Pauro naPetro, vamiririri vekumabvazuva vevanhu ava vaiva pakati pevokutanga kuvaka mapoka evanhu vechiKristu uye vakaziva Jesu Kristu saMuponesi wavo. Mhuri yakakura mumataundi, apo vatsigiri vekutenda kutsva vakawana pokugara.

VaGiriki kana vaRoma here?

MuByzantine nguva dzePontian Greeks dzakagadzira purovhinzi yavo pachavo. Pakukwirira kweJustinian, Trebizond (Trabzon) yakazova guta guru. Ndiyo iyo iyo zita rechipiri zita rePontian Giriki rinoratidzika-vaRoma, izvo zvinoreva "vatongi veRoma" - saka dzimwe nguva inonzi Byzantium muEast.

Ukama "metropolitan-province" yakabatana nePontasi neConstantinople kusvikira 1204, apo guta guru reMambo hwekuRoma hweRoma rakawira pasi pekunetseka kweFrananks. Mushure mezvo, nyika yeNicaean inowanikwa pamepu, iyo inopinda muumambo hweTrbizond. Kwemakore mazana maviri ehuripo, hurumende iyi nguva dzose inorwisana nemarudzi akakomberedza yekusatenda kwechiKristu. Kunyanya kuomesa akarwisa nyika yeTurks of Rome, uyo muna 1461 akakunda ndokupamba Trebizond.

Muslim musimba

Kubatwa kwaTrbizond kwakanoreva kuparara kwechiKristu uye kutanga kwekupararira kweIslam munyika yekare yePontian Greeks. Kuuraya, kurwisana, kushaya mhirizhonga uye chisimba zvechisimba pamusoro pekutambudzika kwekushaiwa hupenyu - ichi ndicho chakaunza maGiriki Turkish mutongi. Vakasara vakabva mumaguta, mafuro uye machechi uye vakatamira kumusoro kumakomo, vachitya kutambudzwa kwezvitendero. Asi gare gare vakuru vakuru veTurkey vakaita zvimwe zvibvumirano ndokubvumira maGrike kukura mamwe marudzi ezvigadzirwa - metallurgy uye ceramics, somuenzaniso.

Kwemazana emakore akawanda, Pontic Hellenes yakaramba iri imwe yevanhu vakanyanya kurega muumambo hweTurkey. Vakanga vasingatauriki nevamwe vaKristu, kunyange zvazvo vaigara pedyo neArmenians neKurds. Kuzvigadzirisa kwekugadzira, unyanzvi uye zvirimwa zvishoma zvakagadzirwa kubva mumakomo, zvisingabatsiri, hazvina kukwezva vatungamiriri vehondo vane makaro uye vakuru vakuru veTurkey. Zvichida ndicho chikonzero maGiriki akakwanisa kuchengetedza mutauro wavo netsika, kuwedzera nzvimbo yavo yekugara muCaucasus neCrimea uye vanobatanidza nharaunda yenyika semhando yezvigadziro.

Iyi mamiriro ezvinhu akaenderera mberi kusvikira muna 1922, apo vaGiriki vakadzingwa kubva kunyika dzavakanga vamboona sehama.

Akadzingwa

Kwemakore mazhinji, vakuru vakuru veTurkey havazivi kuurayiwa kwevanhu uye kutambudzwa kweArmenians. Asi vashomanana vanoziva kuti pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi20 dzimwe nyika dzeTurkey dzakaiswa pakutambudzwa, kusanganisira Pontic Greeks. Kuparadzwa kwevanhu vemarudzi aya kwakakonzera kuparadzwa zvachose kwevaGiriki kubva munyika dzavo dzekuzvarwa nekudzingwa kwavo kwemauto kubva munharaunda yeTurkey. Zvinopfuura 350 zviuru zvevanhu zvakapiswa mumachechi nematemberi, avo vakapukunyuka vakatiza, vachisiya zvinhu zvavo zvose. May 19 waiva zuva rakasuwa revanhu ava. Somugumisiro, maPontic Greeks akagara munzvimbo dzedzimwe nyika. Vakamanikidzwa kubva munyika yavo.

VaGiriki vePontian muRussia vakagara muKuban uye North Caucasus. Kune chikamu chikuru, vanotaura chiRussia, asi vakachengetedza dzimwe tsika dzekare dzevanhu vavo. Asi vazhinji vePontic Greeks vakadzokera kumiganhu yeGreece.

Saka, mamiriyoni maviri emakore mushure mokunge vagari vepakutanga vaibva kumhenderekedzo yeGreece, vaifanira kudzokera kunyika dzavo. Vakatossey yavo yakaguma nekudzokera kunyika yavo. Ngationei vafare.