Kusunungurwa kweCzechoslovakia muna 1945

Hondo dzekusunungurwa kweCzechoslovakia dzakatanga muna Svondo 1944. Panguva iyoyo uto reSoviet rakapinda munharaunda yenyika. Ngationgororei zvakare kuti kusunungurwa kweCzechoslovakia kwakapfuura sei muna 1945. Mufananidzo wehondo yacho ucharatidzwawo munyaya yacho.

Historical background

Hondo yeSoviet yakatotosunungura munharaunda yose yeSlovakia. VaFascist vakadzingwa kubva muguta guru reBratislava, mahofisi makuru emabhizimisi eBrno neMoravsk-Ostrava. Kuunganidzwa kwe Wehrmacht kwakakundwa, uye Berlin yakawira. Zvose izvi zvakaita kuti kuve kwekugumburwa kwemauto eGermany. Mafasitori eFascist anoshanda paItaly neWestern fronts akarega kurwisana. Mauto eGermany akatanga kuzvipira. Yakanga iri nguva ya1945. Kusunungurwa kweCzechoslovakia yakanga iri danho rinotevera kune chinangwa chekudenga chekuparadza fascism. Mauto eGermany akanga achiri munharaunda yaro uye akaramba achidzivirira kusindimara.

Kusunungurwa kweCzechoslovakia muna 1945: nzvimbo yevaGermany

Pakutanga kwaMay, mauto kubva mu "Centre" boka akanga ari mumutsara 1, 3, 4 uye 2 weUkraine miganhu ine mutsara weSternberk, Krnov, Strigau, Kaments, Wurzen, kumadokero kweStockerau, Glognitz, Brno. Akavarayira neMunda Marshal Scherner. Pamwe chete navo, kushorwa kwakapiwa nechikamu chemauto kubva ku "Austria" boka. Vakatungamirirwa naGeneral Rendulich. Muzvose, makumi maviri makumi matanhatu nemashanu, mitemo gumi nemashanu yakasiyana uye mabhiriji matatu akabata kudzivirirwa. Mauto makuru emuvengi akanga ari pamberi peboshwe nechokumucheto uye nechepakati peIkutanga Ukrainian Front. Vakaita maererano nesimba rekudzivirirwa nesimba rakagadzirirwa mberi. Pamberi kurudyi, kurwisa kwevavengi kwakanga kusiri simba, mutsetse wekubatana pakati pehondo yakanga isina kugadzikana. Panzira dzechipiri nechina yechina chikwata chekuUkraine, vavengi vemasvingo emasvingo akaumbwa akaumbwa, akaumbwa muhutano hwepamusoro. Kushandisa nzvimbo dzakagadzirirwa zvakasimba, vaFascist vakaramba vachimanikidzana. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, maGermany mabhiriro kunyange anotanga kupikisa.

Nzvimbo yezvematongerwe enyika yeGermany

Pakupera kwehondo, hutungamiri hweFascist hwakanga huine huwandu hwakakwana. Hazvidi kuti pasina mamiriro ezvinhu kuti aone kusava netariro kwemamiriro acho ezvinhu, denderedzwa dzomunhu oga uye vatungamiri vehurumende vakaramba vachitsvaka nzira yezvematongerwe enyika yakanga yakarongwa. Utungamiri hweGermany hwakaedza kupedza basa rakasiyana neUnited Kingdom neUnited States. Nokudaro, yakanga yakagadzirirwa kuparadzanisa vashanduri, kubudirira nguva yekuchengetedza nyika yavo. Hurumende yeDeniz yaida kunonoka mberi kweuto reSoviet kumadokero kweminda. Izvi zvaizozarura ndima isina kukodzera kumadokero, inoteverwa nekusunungurwa kweCzechoslovakia muna 1945 nevaAmerica uye veChirungu. Mukuwedzera, mauto eUnited States neBritain aigona kutora nzvimbo yakawanda yeAustria neGermany. Munyaya iyi, mutemo wakapiwa kune maFascist ane mauto. Izvo zvakati nekuda kwekuti kurwisana nenyika dzekuMadokero kwakave kusina maturo, zvakakosha kuisa maoko muHolland, Denmark uye North-West Germany. Pamwe chete neiyi, kurwisana kwekumabvazuva kwakatemwa kuti ienderere mberi.

Musangano weutungamiri hweFascist

Rusununguko rwevanhu rwakasununguka rwaikura muMoravia uye Czech Republic. Izvozvo zvakanyanyisa zvakaoma nzvimbo yeuto reFascist munharaunda idzi. Kusunungurwa kweCzechoslovakia muna 1945. Inopindirana nehondo yakasimba yekurwa kwevanhu vemo. Saka, pakutanga kweKvondo, kwaive nevanhu vesangano rekudzikinura vanhu makumi maviri nemakumi maviri, masangano uye mabhiriji munyika. Vazvipiri vanopfuura 7 700 vakabatanidzwa mazviri. Mutungamiri weFascist akadzokorora kukurukura mamiriro ezvinhu muCzechoslovakia. Musi waMay 3, mumwe musangano wakagadziriswa. Yakapindwa naJodl, Keitel, Frank (mubati we Moravia uye Czech Republic), uyewo Chief of Staff of the Army Group Center Nazmer, kuwedzera kune nhengo dzehurumende yeDenik. Nzvimbo yevarwi yakanga isina tariro. Zvisinei, zvinopesana nemafungiro akaenzana, hutungamiri hwepascist hwaifunga kuti kupiwa kwemauto kumabvazuva kwacho hazvibviri. Pamusangano, vachikurukurirana matambudziko ehondo ye Scherner, vachibvuma kuti mamiriro acho ezvinhu anomumanikidza kuti aise maoko ake, zvisinei akasarudza kuramba achipikisa. Utungamiri hweGermany hwakanzwisisa kuti kana mauto akadzora, ipapo simba rose reGermany richava mumaoko emaRussia. Munyaya iyi, chisarudzo chekutanga chekutora maonero-uye-kuona mafungiro akatsigirwa pamusangano. Pamwe chete neizvi, zvakanga zvakarongwa kutanga kutanga kudzidzisa Army Group Centre kuti iende kumavirazuva uye ichizvipira kumauto eUnited States.

Kusunungurwa kweCzechoslovakia muna 1945 (muchidimbu)

Mamiriro ezvinhu akaitika muuto-zvematongerwe enyika pamagumo eApril uye kutanga kwaMay vaida zvidzidzo zvekukurumidza. Kusunungurwa kweCzechoslovakia muna 1945 kwakatanga kunyange kusati kwaitwa kukundwa kwevavengi muBerlin kwapera. Idzimba guru reMutemo Mukuru wakasarudza kutanga basa rePrague. May 1-2, mune mamwe maguta eCzechoslovakia, kurwiswa kwepakati pevascist kwakaitika. Zvishoma nezvishoma vakatanga kutora fomu yakarongeka. Kusunungurwa kweCzechoslovakia muna 1945 kwakabatanidzwa nechinzvimbo chakanaka chemaSoviet mauto. Boka revavengi rinoshanda munharaunda yenyika rakanga rakakombwa kubva kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva, kumabvazuva nekuchamhembe. Pano mauto e1, 2nd uye yechina chikwata cheUkraine akaita. Zvikwata zvePakutanga zvaive pamuganhu we 650-kilometer pakati peKrnov nePotsdam.

Kurudyi nechepamusoro

Vakatanga kuungana pamwe nekugadzirira kutyisa mutungamiri wePrague. Masoja akabatanidza masimba eEchipiri Army yePolish Army, 3rd uye 4th Panzers, 1st, 3, 4th, 5th Guards, 7 Mechanized Corps, uye 52, 28, uye 13 Masimba. Panguva imwecheteyo, simba reruboshwe rworuboshwe rwakachengetedza kudzivirira kumuganhu kuchamhembe kweKnovnov, kumadokero kweLevenberg. Hondo Yechechitanhatu yakaramba ichivhara musasa weimba yeBreslau. Masimba evhu akatsigirwa neChipiri Air Army. Yakarayirwa naKrasovsky. Iko simba guru rebhazi rekutengesa rakadzoserwazve kune kusunungurwa kweCzechoslovakia. Muna 1945, ichiita pakati peKrnov neVsetin mumakiromita makumi maviri nemakumi maviri, neChina Ukrainian Front, iyo ine 31st Panzer Corps, 1, 38, 60th Guards Regiment uye 18th Army, yakapedza basa re Moravia-Ostrava. Pamuganhu uyu, masimba evhu akatsigirwa ne8th Air Army. Mukugadzirwa kwacho kwaiva yekutanga kugoverwa kweCzechoslovak air air division. Kubva musi waMarch 26, mauto emberi akanga ari pasi pemurairo weEremenko. Mumakiromita 350 km yakakura kubva kuVsetin kusvika kuKorneiburg, kusunungurwa kweCzechoslovakia muna 1945 kwakaitwa neuto re 2nd Ukrainian Front. Mune mapiro akanaka pane 6, 53rd, 40 Guards Tank, 1 uye 4 maRomania mauto pasi pomurairo weAtanasiu naDaskalescu. Hondo yakasimuka ichienda kuOlomouc, kuenda kumusasa wechina Ukrainian Front. Masoja akasara (bhiza rekutanga-boka rakagadzirwa neVarindi vePliev, 46th Army uye 7V Guards Army) vakatumirwa kunodzivirira. Nzvimbo yekuchengetedza yaiva ye 23 Tank Corps. Kubva mumhepo, masimba evhu, ayo akasunungura Czechoslovakia muna 1945 kurudyi, akatsigirwa ne5th Air Army.

Mugumo wekushanda

Rusununguko rweCzechoslovakia muna 1945 rwakaitwa pamusika wa1220-kilometer. Pakuvamba kwaMay, mitatu yeUkrainian yakabatanidzwa mukushanda, iine makumi maviri-maoko (kusanganisira Romanian nemaPolish maviri), 3 mhepo uye 3 mauto ehondo, 5 tank, varwi vemabhiza nemashamba emasikirini, pamwe neboka rebhiza rakagadzirwa nemabhiza. Nhamba yevarwi veSoviet yakawedzera fascist kanopfuura kaviri. Nhamba yematangi yaive yakafanana. Ukuru hwekupedzisira kwehondo yepamba yaiva muchechi uye mabhodhi. Pano hukuru hwedu hwaive katatu. Pamusana pekunakidzwa kwemauto ehurumende uye zvematongerwo enyika, nekuda kwezvipo zvinobatsira pamucheto wekutanga, mauto eSoviet munguva pfupi akaita sarudzo yeCzechoslovakia muna 1945.