Boris Morozov, boyar: biography, nhaka

Pakati pevatongi ve pre-Petrine Russia mumwe wevanyori vakakurumbira venguva iyi ndiye mukomana-mukomana Boris Morozov, ari pedyo neTsar Alexei Mikhailovich. Kuongororwa kwemabasa ayo hakugoni kuve kusinganzwisisiki: nokudaro, munzira dzose dzinogona kutsigira hurumende yehurumende uye inviolability yechigaro choumambo, dzimwe nguva inoisa pamafudzi evanhuwo zvavo mutoro unorema wehupfumi hwehupfumi, izvo zvinokonzera mhirizhonga inotungamirira kumhirizhonga yeropa.

Kubuda kwevatengesi vatsva

Boyar Boris Morozov akaberekwa pakupera kwezana remakore rechi16. Chiitiko chakanga chakanaka kwaari - haana kuberekwa mumwe wevadyi venhaka yeimba yekare uye yakanaka, asiwo hama, kunyange iri kure, kuna mambo pachake. The Morozovs neRomanovs vakava nehukama vasati vasvika pachigaro cheMikhail Fedorovich.

Muna 1613, Dare reZemsky rakasangana muMoscow , iro rakasarudzwa iro rakasarudza mumiririri wekutanga wemhuri yaRomanov kuumambo - ane makore gumi nematanhatu Mikhail Fedorovich. Pakati pevadzidzi vekereke, avo vakasiya zvinyorwa zvavo pasi pezvinyorwa zvenhoroondo, aiva mukomana muduku Boris Ivanovich Morozov. Kubvira panguva iyoyo hupenyu hwake hahuna hukama hwakakwana nepamusoro pesimba rehurumende.

Mudzidzisi akachenjera

Boyar Morozovy - Boris nemukoma wake Gleb - vakapiwa chimiro chemabhegi ekurara pasi peNew tsar, iyo yakavabatsira kuti vakurumidza kuva umwe we "vanhu" vavo uye vanakunda tsitsi dzevotocrat, kunyanya sezvo vainge vava nezera rimwe chete. Apo mugari wenhaka pachigaro cheushe akaonekwa muna 1629, mutongi wenyika yemberi Alexei Mikhailovich (Peter the Great's father) aiva nemakore mana, Boris Morozov akagadzwa kuva mutariri (kana, sezvavakataura panguva iyoyo, "sekuru").

Ndinovonga Boris Ivanovich, ramangwana tsar rakagamuchira dzidzo dzakasiyana-siyana. Mukuwedzera pakunzwisisa zvidzidzo zvegiramita uye Katekisimu, mutungamiriri wechidiki akaziva magwaro eWestern artists uye mapepa anozivikanwa epamba. Achivatarisa nemudzidzisi wake, akave neruzivo rwekufamba kwezvisikwa zvekudenga, kusiyana kwezvipfuwo uye nyika yezvirimwa, uyewo hupenyu hwevanhu mune dzimwe nyika. Mashoko akachengetedzwa ayo nhoroondo ye Tsarevich yakadzidza nekubatsirwa kweVhisi yePaul - chinyorwa, chinoratidzwa nemifananidzo yakawanda.

Kuumbwa kwehupenyu hwemangwana mambo

Mabasa emuongorori akanga asina kuparadzwa - mugari wenhaka pachigaro choumambo akawana zivo yakawanda mumasangano akasiyana-siyana. Ivo autographs dzakaburukira kwatiri dzinopupurira kuti akanyora nekukwanisa uye panguva imwechete vaine mavara akanaka ekunyora. Asi chigumisiro chikuru chedzidzo ndechekuti unhu hwemambo hwakanga husina kubviswa nezvinodikanwa zvehumbozha nematare ematare. Mutsamba dzake yekuvhara vanhu, anoonekwa semunhu akazaruka uye akanaka. Hazvishamisi kuti Alexei Mikhailovich akatora Morozov baba vake wechipiri kusvika pakupera kwemazuva ndokumuitira zvakakodzera.

Kana ari dzidzo yake pachake, maererano nemitemo yevanhu venguva yake, mukomana Boris Morozov akafunga kuti haina kukwana. Achitaura izvi, zviri pachena kuti aireva kusava nezivo yemitauro yekunze uye kusakwanisa kuverenga mabhuku eEurope. Zvinyorwa zvake pachake zvinoratidza kuti akadzidziswa uye akaverenga, kunyanya sezvo mukamuri yake yaiva neraibhurari huru uye inofadza.

Chido chekuchinja kwehurumende

Changamire Alexei Mikhailovich akagara nhaka yechigaro cheushe paakanga asina makore gumi nematanhatu, uye mwedzi mishomanana mushure mokunge akarasikirwa naamai vake. Saka hazvishamisi kuti panguva yakadaro iye aida kuva nemutongi akachenjera uye akavimbika, kunyanya sezvo mamiriro ezvinhu akange aitwa nenguva iyoyo muRussia aida nguva nenguva uye kuchinja kukuru munharaunda dzakawanda dzemitemo yepamba.

Miitiro inokurumidza kukurumidza inofanira kutorwa musangano remaguta, mutero wekubhadhara uye kusimbiswa kwepakati pesimba. Zvose izvi zvakaitwa nehurumende, inotungamirirwa nemushumiri akatendeka weTsar - Boris Ivanovich Morozov. Muzana remakore rechi17 kubva pakutanga chaipo kwakaunza njodzi dzisina kufanira kuRussia. Ava ndivo vanyengeri vakaonekwa pasi pezita rokuti Tsarevich Dimitri, uye kupinda kwePoles, uye kutyisa kwezvirimwa zvinokonzera, izvo zvakaita kuti kufa kwezviuru zveRussia. Mukuwedzera, zvikanganiso zvakajeka zvakaitwa muhutongi hwekare zvakare zvakaita basa. Izvozvi zvose zvakakonzera matambudziko akawanda aida kusangana nokukurumidza.

Pamusoro pemasimba

Kuva muRussia anonyanya kutonga, Alexei Mikhailovich akadaro akachinja zvachose kuumbwa kwehurumende, achiisa zvose zvinyorwa kune vanhu vake vaive pedyo, pakati pavo yaiva Morozov. Boris Ivanovich - smart boyar uye, chii chinonyanya kukosha, imwe yezvehupfumi, yakatanga kushandiswa kwekuvandudzwa kwehurumende nekunzwisisa kwakadaro sekutarisa pfuma yake.

VaTsar vakamuraira kuti vatungamirire mazano akawanda, avo vane mhosva kupfuura avo vari Mutemo weHurumende Guru (mari), kunze kwenyika uye Streletsky. Mukuwedzera, akanga ari mutungamiri wehurumende hurumende yekutengesa doro, iyo nguva dzose yaiva chikamu chikuru chebhadharo yenyika. Nokudaro, mumaoko aMorozov akaisa simba guru-mari, hondo uye kutonga kwematongerwo enyika enyika.

Kuchinja kunofanirwa nehupenyu

Basa rakakosha zvikuru rinotarisana naye raiva rekudzorera kurongeka munyaya yemari. Nekuda kweizvi, Boris Morozov akaita hutano hwezviyero zvekutapudza mari yehutungamiri hwakanga hwawedzera zvakanyanya panguva iyoyo. Mushure mekuchenesa hurumende yehurumende, akatsiva vazhinji vehurumende, avo vakanga vachinzwa mukuora, uye vamwe vavo vakatengesa dare. Mukuwedzera, imba yamambo nevatateguru vehurumende vakaderedzwa, uye avo vakagara munzvimbo dzakapfuura, vakaderedza misha.

Kuchinja uku kwakaitwawo mumasangano ehurumende yehurumende, pamwe chete nehondo. Asi, sezvazvinowanzoitika muRussia, kuiswa kwehurongwa kwakachinja kuva mhirizhonga itsva. Matanho aMorozov anonzwisisika uye akakwana panguva yakaita kuti hurumende uye vatungamiri vemirairo vainge vatumira kuhurumende vakaendeswa kuhofisi yemadhikoni nevanyori, avo vakakurumidza kuwedzera mari, zvichiita kuti vasagutsikane.

Imwe dambudziko, rakaedza kugadzirisa Morozov, raiva mari yekubhadhara mitero kubva kune vagari vomumaguta, mazhinji ayo akanga asingabhadharwi nemitero, nokuti yakarongerwa kumisha yevanamwari nevanokudzwa zvikuru. Sezvo aive nekuverenga vanhu vose, akavimbisa kubhadhara mitero yevateresi vose. Ichokwadi kuti, pakuita basa rakakosha zvakadaro, akadzosera pfuma, asi akaita vavengi vakawanda vasingagoneki. Mukuwedzera, paakawedzera mari yekutengeswa kwemari nevashambadziri vedzimwe nyika, akazviisa kuzvirwisana naye uye vanhu vanotengesa.

Mhirizhonga yemunyu

Kudonha kwekupedzisira, kwakazadza mukombe wekutsungirira kwevagari veMoscow nemaguta akawanda eRussia, kwaive kuwedzera mumutengo wemunyu, kutengeswa kwaro kwaiva hurumende yehurumende. Ichi chiyero Boris Morozov akaedza kutora mitero yakawanda yakazara. Pfungwa dzechiito chacho zvaiva nyore - kutora mutero kunogona kudziviswa, asi hapana aigona kuita pasina munyu. Kutenga kubva muhurumende ichi chigadzirwa nekubhadhara mari yakati, akazopa chikamu chake chekutora mutero.

Asi sezvinotaurwa netsumo iyi: "Mugwagwa unoenda kugehena unoratidzwa nechinangwa chakanaka." Kuchinja kwakagadzirirwa kusimbisa hurumende nekuvandudza hupenyu hwevagari vayo, kwakonzera kusagadzikana kwakapararira, zvichiita kuti zviitiko zvinonzi "mhirizhonga yemunyu". Vakatungamirirwa kunyanya kurwisa mukomana Morozov uye hurumende yaaienda.

Panguva ino, chigaro chake padare chakanga chakasimbiswa nekuroorwa nehanzvadzi yaMambokadzi waMizilalavskaya, asi kunyange ukama hwepedyo neTsar hwakanga husingagoni kudzivirira mukomana anovengwa kubva mukutsamwa kwakakurumbira. Vasina kugunun'una uye kusagutsikana kwakawanda vakadururwa muna May 1648 mukuita chiito.

Kutanga kwemhirizhonga

Kubva mumiganhu yemakore iwayo inozivikanwa kuti mheremhere yakatanga kuti boka revanhu rakamisa mambo, uyo aive achidzoka kubva pamiriji mu Utatu-St Sergius Lavra, ndokumukumbira kune zvikumbiro, achizvidza Morozov nevatungamiriri vake nekuda kwechiokomuhomwe. Zvichida Mutongi angadai akazokwanisa kuvhara vanhu, uye zvinhu zvose zvakafamba pasina kupandukira kwakasununguka, asi vapfuri vemiseve, avo vakanga vari pasi pekunze naBris Ivanovich, vakakurumidza kunorova boka rakasangana. Izvi zvakashanda senhengo yezvimwe zviitiko.

Zuva rakatevera boka revanhu rakapinda muKremlin, kwavakabatanidzwa nevapfuri vemiseve, uyewo vakapesana nezvakagadziriswa. Vapanduki vakapinda uye vakapamba imba yamambo. Vamwe vevapanduki vakapinda muwaini yewaini, umo vakawana rufu rwavo mushure mekunge moto watanga. Mushure mokudaro, mukomana mazhinji akaparadzwa uye akaiswa mumoto, uye avo avo vakawira pasi pesimba revanhu vakaurayiwa. Asi muvengi mukuru weboka racho aiva Boris Morozov. Mukomana uyu akaita kuti vanhu vanyange kwazvo zvokuti munhu wese aida kuti awedzere kutora chirango.

Makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu

Chero chivimbiso chavo chekuti tsar chibvise Morozov kubva mumamiriro ezvinhu ose chakanyaradza boka revanhu ndokumubvumira kutiza kubva muguta guru kuKirillo-Belozersky monastery, kwaakavanza kusvikira kupandukira kwevapanduki. Paakadzokera kuMoscow, mukomana watiza akaenderera mberi achitarisana nehurumende, asi panguva imwechete achiedza kusaona. Apo zita rakakurumbira rokuti "Cathedral Code" rakagadzirwa, iro kwemakore mazhinji rakava hwaro hwekugadzwa kwepamutemo kweRussia murairo, boyar Boris Morozov akabatanidzwa mubasa pairi.

Nhoroondo yake yehupenyu munguva ino yekupedzisira yehupenyu hwake inopupurira kune zvirwere zvakawanda zvepfungwa uye zvepanyama zvakawira pamusoro pechinhu ichi chakange chisimba uye chakakwana simba revanhu. Boris Ivanovich akafa muna 1661. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich pachake akaperekedza mudzidzisi wake anodikanwa, uyo aiva Boris Morozov kwaari, parwendo rwake rwekupedzisira.

Nhaka yevakafa yaiva yehama yake Gleb, sezvo iye pachake akanga asina mudzimai kana vana panguva iyoyo. Nenguva isipi hama yakapedza rwendo rwake rwepasi, nyika yakapfuurira kumwanakomana wake, asi chaizvoizvo amai vake, mwarikadzi anokudzwa Theodosius Morozov, uyo akapinda munhoroondo mumabasa ake echchismatic uye akafira mumifananidzo yakakurumbira naVasily Surikov, akanga achivatungamirira.