Sophia, Princess: biography, photo, makore ehurumende

MuRussia pamagumo ezana remakore rechi17 chimwe chinhu chisina kuitika chakaitika: munyika umo tsika dzekuvaka dzimba dzaive dzakasimba, uye vakadzi vaiwanzogadziriswa, Tsarevna Sofya Alekseevna akatanga kutonga zvinhu zvose zvehurumende. Zvakaitika kamwe-kamwe uye panguva imwechete zvakajeka kuti vanhu vokuRussia vakatanga kuona kuti chii chakaitika sechimwe chinhu chaicho. Kusvikira imwe nguva, Tsarevna Sofya Alexeyevna haana kutsamwira chero ani zvake, ane biography zvisiri izvo. Zvisinei, mushure memazana emakore, apo madonhwe ehurumende aifanira kutamirwa kuna Petro Mukuru, vanhu vakashamisika: zvakaitika sei kuti vakanamatira Madzimai, uyo akanga ari mukadzi chete. Zvechokwadi, humwe unhu hwakakosha hwaiva mutambo Sophia. Her biography uye biography ichakupa imwe pfungwa.

Upenyu hwaSophia muKutsvaga

Zvose zvakatanga nekufa kwaTsar Alexei Mikhailovich. Zvisinei, mushure mekufa kwake, Princess Sophia (makore ekutonga - 1682-1689) haana kuziva kuti akazova akasununguka. Mukunda weavo anokwidziridzwa akagara semutende mutende remakore gumi nemana nehanzvadzi dzake. Akaenda kuchechi apo paaifambidzana, uye dzimwe nguva akashanyira baba vake nemitambo yakarongwa naArtamon Matveyev. Mukadzikadzi, akakurira paimba yekuvakira imba, aivawo mumwe wevadzidzi vaSimeon wePoltsk, anonyatsozivikanwa. Ainyatsonzwisisa muchiPolish, achiverenga chiGiriki nechiLatin. Kazhinji mukadzi uyu akashamisika zvakakomberedza nekunyora dambudziko, iro rakakurumidza kuitwa mumhuri. Uye dzimwe nguva nhetembo dzakanyorwa naSophia. Mukadzikadzi uyu akabudirira zvikuru mukusika kwezvigadzirwa zvokuti izvi zvakaonekwa kunyange nemukurumbira wezvinyorwa uye munyori wenhau dzakaitika Karamzin. Akanyora kuti tarenda yamambo wacho yakamubvumira kuenzanisa nevanyori vakanakisisa.

Mukana wokubuda mumba

Muna 1676, nekusvika kwaFyodor Alekseevich, mukoma waSophia, iye wechipiri akaziva kuti pane mukana wekupedzisira kubva kunze kweshongwe. Hanzvadzi yake yakarwara zvikuru, uye panguva iyoyo Sofya aiwanzova naye. Mukadzikadzi uyu aiwanzoshanyira makamuri aFeodor, aitaurirana nevadhikoni uye vakomana, akagara muDuma, akafungidzira mukutonga kwenyika.

Mutongi akafira muna 1682, uye dynastic dambudziko rakawira nyika. Vaya vaiita sechigaro choumambo vakanga vasingakodzeri basa rakadaro. Vagari venhaka vaiva mwanakomana waNatalia Naryshkina, muduku Peter uye vasina simba Ivan, uyo akabereka Maria Miloslavskaya Alexei Mikhailovich. Iyi mapato maviri - Naryshkin naMiloslavsky - vakarwa pakati pavo.

Chisarudzo cheTsar Peter

Tsar, maererano netsika, yaifanira kuva Ivan. Zvisinei, izvi zvinosanganisira kukosha kwekuchengetwa kwenguva yekutonga kwake. Izvi ndizvo zvakafanirwa naSofia. Mhandara iyi yakanyadziswa apo Petro ane makore gumi nematatu akasarudzwa semutongi. Sophia anongorumbidza chete mukoma wake. Zvaiva zvakaoma kwaari iyezvino kupokana nemutemo wekutendekwa kwake.

Mhirizhonga ye Streltsi uye kutonga kwaSophia

Zvisinei, Sophia haana chaaigona kurasikirwa nacho. Imwe mhandara yakasimba uye yakazvimirira yakange isingagoni kubatsira kunze kwekushandisa zvakashata mamiriro ezvinhu akange atsigira kwaari. Nechinangwa chayo pachavo, mabhuku aSophia aSophia aishandiswa. Mukadzikadzi akavatadzisa kupandukira, semugumisiro waJohani naPetro vakakwanisa kutonga. Uye Sophia akapiwa hurumende.

Zvisinei, mufaro wekukunda uku unogona kunge usina nguva. Mumazuva ano, simba raSophia raiita seghostly. Sagittarians, inotungamirirwa naHamambo Hovansky, yakanga ine simba rechokwadi zvakare. Pasi pechikonzero chisingatauriki, Sophia akakwevera guta guru reKovansky kumusha weVozdvizhenskoe. Pano mukuru wemutemo we Streletsky aipomerwa nekumanikidzwa kwepamusoro uye akaurayiwa. Hondo, saka, yakanga isina mutungamiriri. Tsarevna Sofya Alekseyevna akakurumidza kubudisa kuchema, achikurudzira vashandi vemauto kuti varinde mutemo wepamutemo. VaSagittarians vakanga vari munharaunda yekutya, vakanga vasingazivi zvokuita. Pakutanga vaida kupa hondo kumutongi uye mukomana, asi nekufamba kwenguva vakaziva uye vakatora. Sophia iye zvino akamuudza kuti achaenda kunharaunda. Saka yakatanga regency yemakore manomwe emudzvinyiriri Sophia Alexeevna.

Prince Golitsyn, kuderedza chirango

Unofadza Sophia, Prince Vasily Golitsyn (inoratidzwa pamusoro apa), akava mukuru wehurumende. Akanga ari nhengo yedare. Kuswedera pedyo nekuenderera mberi kukurukurirana naye kwakaita kuti Sophia ave mutsigiri wekudzivirira chirango nekujekeswa. Nenzira, gare gare makuhwa anopararira pamusoro pekuvapo kwekubatana kwenyama pakati pavo. Kunyange zvakadaro, kana kutaurirana neavo vaidiwa nehutambo, kana uchapupu hunoenderana nenguva yekutonga kwake, izvi hazvirevi.

Zvisinei, simba raGolitsyn pane Sophia raive rakanaka chaizvo. Kunyanya, chirevo chakabudiswa, maererano nevatengesi vairambidzwa kubwereta chikwereti-varume vasina madzimai avo kushanda chikwereti. Mukuwedzera, zvakarambidzwa kutora chikwereti kubva kune nherera nechirikadzi, dai pakanga pasina nzvimbo yakasara mushure mekufa kwemadzibaba avo nevarume. Kubvira ikozvino, "mashoko anonyadzisa" haana kuurayiwa. Chirwere chakaoma chakatsiviwa nekutaridzirwa uye tsvimbo. Pamberi pacho, mukadzi akanga achinja murume wake nemutsipa akavigwa pasi pano ari mupenyu. Iye zvino, kufa kunorwadza kwakatsiviwa nemumwe chete nyore - mutengesi akatyisidzirwa nekubvisa musoro.

Development of industry

Kutonga kwaChristine Sophia kwakaratidzwa nezviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana pamusoro pekugadzirwa kwemabhizimisi, rumutsiriro rwebhizimisi neWest. Izvi zvakakonzera kunyanya kushandiswa kwekambani. Munyika yedu, vakatanga kutakura mbatya dzinodhura : bhacade, satin uye velvet. Pamberi pezvo, vaitengeswa kubva kune rimwe gungwa. Nyanzvi-vatorwa vakatanga kunyora kubva kune dzimwe nyika kuti vadzidzise vatenzi veRussia.

Sangano reChikamiro, kukurudzirwa kwezvidzidzo uye zvigadzirwa

Sophia muna 1687 akazarura Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy. Chikonzero chekusika kwayo chakatanga kunyange pasi peTsar Fedor Alekseevich. Mushure mokunge vaKoisna vasayendisiti vakatanga kutsvaga mutateguru Joachim, Golitsyn naSophia vakavatora pasi pekudzivirirwa. Mukadzi wacho akakurudzira kuvaka matombo ematombo muMoscow, kudzidza kwemitauro uye hutano hwakasiyana-siyana. Vechidiki kubva kumhuri dzakanaka vakaenda kune imwe nyika kuti vadzidze.

Kufambira mberi mune zvematongerwe enyika

Uye munharaunda yematongerwe enyika, kubudirira kwakaratidzwa. Rugare rusingaperi rwakagumiswa neHumanwealth. Iyi simba, maererano nemitemo yakagadzirirwa naGolitsyn, vakaziva kuchinja kwehurumende yeRussia yeKiev uye nehuyo weRussia yeBanki Bank Ukraine, Seversky uye Smolensk nyika. Yakapedzerwa neChina, Chibvumirano cheNerchinsk chaive chimwe chiitiko chinokosha chezvematongerwe enyika. Nehurumende iyi yakagadzirirwa panguva iyoyo nyika dzeRussia muSiberia.

Crimean campaigns

Zvisinei, paivawo nokukundikana kwakazopedzisira kwaunza kuparadzwa kwaSophia naGolitsyn (iyo mufananidzo inoratidzwa pamusoro). Mudiplomate ane ruzivo, aidiwa nemambokadzi, akanga ari munhu akaderera uye asinganzwisisiki. Haana kumbozvifungidzira ari mukuru. Zvisinei, Sophia akasimbisa kuti murume uyu akatungamirira mutambo weCrimea, uyo wakaguma mukukundikana. Hondo kubva kumushandirapamwe, yakaitwa muna 1687, yakadzoka zvakare. Vakadzivirirwa neTatars, avo vakaisa moto kumahombekombe. Zvisinei, Sophia akatoita zvekunyadzisa kudzoka nezvose zvakasarudzwa. Aida kutsigira Golitsyn. Panguva iyoyo, aidiwa akaudzwa zvakajeka kuti aingova nevanhu vasina maturo vakaparadza, vachitanga pane izvi. Uye wechipiri mushandirapamwe wakabudirira. Yakaitwa makore maviri gare gare.

Sophia anorasikirwa nesimba

Kusvikira madzimambo akura, ruzivo rweZangrevna Sophia rwakamubvumira kugadzirisa matambudziko ose enyika pachena. Panguva yekugamuchira vatumwa vedzimwe nyika, mhandara yakavanza shure kwechigaro cheushe ndokuudza hama kuti vaite sei. Zvisinei, sezvo nguva yakapfuura, panguva yekutonga kwaSophia, Peter akakura. Peter I musi waMay 30, 1689 akachinja makore 17. Pakusimbirira kwaNatalia Kirillovna, amai vake, akanga atove akaroora Evdokia Lopukhina panguva ino uye akanga atova munhu mukuru, maererano nemafungiro epanguva iyoyo. Mukuwedzera, Ivan, mambo mukuru, akanga akaroorawo. Ndiko kuti, kwakanga kusina zvikonzero zvekuenderera mberi kwehurumende. Zvisinei, Sophia achiri kutora mutsara wehurumende mumaoko ake. Izvi zvakakonzera kukakavadzana naPetro.

Ukama hwaiva pakati pake nehanzvadzi yake hwakaramba huchivhiringidza. Mhandara iyi yainyatsoziva kuti kuwirirana kwemasimba kwaisazoshandurwa gore negore mukufarira kwayo. Kuti agadzirise nzvimbo yake pachake, akaedza kuwanana neumambo zvakare muna 1687. Fedor Shaklovity, dhikoni yakakosha yemambokadzi, yakatanga kushungurudzika pakati pemvura. Zvisinei, havana kukanganwa zvakaitika kuna Prince Khovansky, uye vakaramba kutsigira Sophia.

Hondo yekutanga pakati pemambokadzi naPetro yakaitika apo Sophia akatya kutora chikamu pamwe chete namadzimambo muchikwata chemuchinjikwa. Petro akanga akatsamwa. Akataura kuti mukadzi, saka anofanira kunge achienda pamba, sezvo kutevera mitezo kumumiri wekurara pabonde kwakanaka. Zvisinei, Sophia akasarudza kusazvidza kuzvidzwa kwehanzvadzi yake. Ipapo mhemberero yakasara naPetro pachake. Akarambidza hanzvadzi yake kwechipiri, akaramba kugamuchira Prince Golitsyn mushure meCrimean.

Kuedza kubvisa Petro

Saka, kuedza pamuchato waSophia kwakanga kusiri kubudirira. Zvisinei, pane imwe nzira yekubuda nayo - zvaikwanisika kubvisa Petro. Imwezve, madzimambo aivimba nechepakati, asi ino nguva pasina. Mumwe munhu akatanga nhepfenyuro inopesana, achiti Moscow akanga achivhiringidza mapurisa aPeter kuitira kuti auraye Tsar Ivan uye mutongi. Sophia akadana streltsy kudzivirira. Uye pamberi paPetro, zvakare, pakanga pane runyerekuro kuti kurwiswa kwakange kwagadzirirwa "mano anonyangadza" (ndizvo zvinonzi Streltsi anonzi Peter). VaTsar vakanga vasingatyi kutyisidzira, zvisinei, kubva paudiki, mufananidzo we1682 wakaramba uri mupfungwa dzake, apo streltsi yakaita kuurayiwa kwevanhu vari pedyo naye. Petro akasarudza kupotera muUtatu -Sergius Monastery. Mushure mechinguva, mashefu akazouya akauya pano, uye, kushamiswa kwevakawanda, rimwe boka revapfuri vemiseve, rakarayirwa naSukharev.

Kuenda kwaPetro kwakavhiringidza Sophia. Aida kuyanana nehama yake, asi kuedza kwakabudirira. Ipapo Sophia akasarudza kutendeukira kune rubatsiro rwemhuri. Asi akamuyeuchidza kuti aingova mutongi pasi pemadzimambo, uye akaenda kuna Petro. Vatsigiri veSophia vakava vashoma. Vakomana, avo vainge vachangobva kupika kwaari nekuvimbika, nenzira imwe neimwe vaisakanganisika kubva kumambo. Uye rwizi rwakaronga musangano wokupfidza waPetro, uyo akanga achienda kuMoscow. Sechiratidzo chekuteerera, vanoisa misoro yavo pamakona mumugwagwa.

Mhedziso mumuzinda wevateresi, tariro yekupedzisira

Sophia ane makore 32 pakupera kwaSeptember 1689 akaurayiwa pamirairo yaPetro kune Novodevichy Convent. Zvisinei, muna 1698, aiva netariro. Ipapo Petro akaenda kuEurope, uye regiments ye streltsy, iyo yakanga yakadzika kubva kure neguta guru, yakatamira kuMoscow. Vakanga vachida kudzokera Sophia kuchigaro cheushe, uye muchinda, uyo asina kubhadhara mutero kumigwagwa, "lime", kana akadzoka kubva kune imwe nyika.

Kuurayiwa kweVapfuri veArchers, yekupedzisira kwaSophia

Asi mhirizhonga yacho yaibviswa. Dzinzai kwenguva yakareba dzinorangarira kuurayiwa kwevapfuri. Uye Petro, uyo akanga asati aona hanzvadzi yake kwemakore 9, akauya kwaari kuti atsanangure tsanangudzo muNovovicvichy Convent. Yakaratidza kusabatanidzwa kwemambokadzi muupanduki hweStreltsy. Iyo yekare mutongi nguva pfupi pashure pacho yakanyengerwa kuva nuns pamitemo yaPeter. Akapiwa zita rokuti Susanna. Akanga asina tariro yechigaro choumambo. Nguva pfupi vasati vafa, akabvuma chirongwa chacho ndokudzorera zita rake. Musi waJuly 3, 1704, akafa mutungamiri Sophia, uyo maitiro ake akanga asinganzwisisiki panguva yake.