Baltasar Gracian: aphorisms uye biography

Baltasar Gracian ndiye munyori mukuru weSpanish wezana remakore rechi17. Akabudirira nekubatanidza mabasa ezvemweya uye enyika - aive muJesuit uye muzivi panguva imwecheteyo. Semhaka, akasiyira mabhuku makuru kwazvo akaunganidza anthology yemabhuku eSpain uye achiri mabasa ekare eBaroque panguva.

Biography

Maererano nehuwandu hwemashoko, Baltasar Gracian akaberekwa muna 1601 muBelmonte, Spain. Akanga ari mwanakomana wechiremba wevarombo mumusha, uye kubvira kumakore ekutanga ainge atarirwa kuguma kwemufundisi. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti muna 1619 babamunini vake vakamubatsira kupinda muchikoro chevaJesuits Calatayud neHuesca. Mushure mokunge apedza kudzidza, Gracian Balthazar akadzidza purogiramu uye mafirosofi mumaguta eLotatayud neGerona, muna 1623 akanga ane ruzivo rwakakwana kuti ave mudzidzi kuYunivhesiti yeZaragoza, kwaakazvipira padzidzo yezvidzidzo zvebhaibheri.

Mushure mokunge apedza kudzidza kubva yunivhesiti, munyori weramangwana anova mudzidzi wekunyora uye girama pajiji yeK Kalalutuda. Muna 1631 iye anodzidziswazve paJesuit Order School , apo vaparidzi nevakapupura vaidzidziswa.

Zvinyorwa zvinyorwa

Muna 1636, Baltasar Grassian akatanga chirongwa chitsva chehupenyu hwake. Akanga akabatanidzwa nekutamira kune rimwe guta reHuesca, iro panguva iyoyo ndiro raive rinokosha mumatunhu epurovhinzi yeAragon. Kufamba kwakabatanidzwa nechisarudzo chitsva - muchechi yega, Gracian yaifanira kushanda semuparidzi. Paiva pano mazita matsva akaberekerwa munharaunda yemitambo, mabhuku uye unyanzvi, uye, zvichida, pasi pesimba rakadaro, Baltasar Gracian akasarudza kunyora basa rake rokutanga kunyora.

Kurapa "Hero"

Shanduro yake yekutanga Gracian yakadana "Hero". Iri basa rekunyora rakanyorwa nokukurumidza zvikuru, chaizvoizvo gore mushure mokunge vaenda kuHuesca. Kubatsira kwakakosha mukunyora chirevo kune munyori weramangwana rakashandurwa neshamwari mupfumi uye ane simba aive neraibhurari yakanakisisa. "Hero" muenzaniso wakaisvonaka wepakati pekare weproacci prose, umo, sechionioni, kunaka uye tsika dzakanaka izvo avo vanoda kutsvaga pakati pezera ravo vanoratidzwa. Nekubatsira kwebasa iri, Gracian anotanga kukura musoro wehuzivi hwetsika. Chiitiko chacho chakaona chiedza chiri pasi pezita raLornzo Gracian, uyo aive mukoma waBaltasar, nokuti, maererano neMurairo weChirongwa, vaJesitesi vakanga vasina kodzero yekubudisa mabasa avo, ayo asina kumbobvunzwa mukati.

"Chirevo chePocket"

Munhu anozivikanwa zvikuru muzivi akaunza zvinyorwa zvezvakanyorwa zvake uye aphorisms, inozivikanwa se "Pocket oracle." Iine ma aphorisms aBaltasar Gracian naMorales, avo nenzira yeupenzi vanopa muverengi wavo kuti vave vakangwara uye vane mwoyo murefu. Semuenzaniso, kune mazivikanwa akadaro eGracian aya:

• "Kunyange hareru rinoteya shumba yakafa";
• "Nzira dzenguva refu dzinotungamirira kune imwe nguva inofadza";
• "Nokukurumidza zvinoitika - nokukurumidza inowira";
• "Usaramba uchingorodza: kushamiswa kusingagumi - kupindira kwebhizimisi";
• "Usatarisana nemhosva yacho - kwete dambudziko pane kusatanga zvinhu zvachose, nokuti kupera kwemvura yakamira, panzvimbo pokuyerera."

Pane zvakawanda zvemashoko akadaro maitiro akadai mubhuku. Baltasar Gracian, avo maArismrisms akanga aine hupenyu uye akachenjera, nokukurumidza akave akakurumbira uye akakurumbira. Mukurwisana kwezvakaitika zvinyoronyoro zvinyorwa zvezvidzidzo, mazwi ake aiva gulp yemvura mhenyu, iyo chiedza cheSpain chakanga chisina. Mhemberero yehomwe yaiva yakakurumbira zvikuru muSpanish uye kune imwe nyika - munguva yeupenyu yeBaltasar Gracian, basa duku rekunyora rakashandurirwa mumitauro yakawanda yeEurope.

Chirwere chetarenda

Uye Grassian Balthasar pachake, uye vatsoropodzi vake vakakodzera kufunga nhaurwa yaCarper basa guru remunyori uyu. Mariri, Gracian anoratidza zvaanoona zvazvinofanira kuitwa nenyika. Zvinyorwa zvorudzi urwu zvaive zvakajairika munguva yekare kare, uye ikozvino, mushure memakore ane chiuru, Baltasar anosarudza kudzokera kune iyi fomu yekurondedzera. Vanyori vakakurumbira vanofananidzwa nemunhu uye tsika sezviratidzo zvekucherechedza nekuchenjerera uye kuve nemafungiro evamwe. Kumugumo wemurondedzero, zvinogumiswa kuti zvisikwa hazvina kukwana, uye pakupedzisira tsika inoponesa nyika uye inotungamirira kusingafi. Kufanana nemamwe mabasa ake, ino ino ino ichasimbiswa nezita romumwe munhu.

Nhaka yeBaltasar

Makore gumi ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake Gracian akazvipira kunyora "Criticon" -basa rose, achitaura pamusoro penzvimbo yevanhu muhupenyu hwemazuva ano. Kubatana kwezvakanaka kwakaita kuti munyori ave mukurumbira uye kukudzwa, asi zvakare akavhundutsa murairo wevaJesuit, uyo hutungamiri hwaisave hugutsikana nebasa rekunyora kwemufundisi.

Pakupera kwehupenyu hwake, muprista achanyora chinhu chimwe chete, chakasainwa nezita rake - Baltasar Gracian. Mabhuku akabudiswa kare akanga atova achizadza nyika yose, asi zvakajeka vanyori vavo vaiva vamwe vanhu. Muchirevo che "Reflections pamusoro peSaramente," munyori, pamusana pekufungidzira kwechitendero chete, anoramba mabasa ake ezvinyorwa. Izvi zvinofanira kuitika, sezvo kushivirira kwehutungamiri hwehutungamiri hweJesuit kwapera. Kunyange zvakadaro, nokukurumidza kunouya chikamu chekupedzisira che "Criticon", pasina mubvunzo chaiva chepeni raBaltasar, uye munyori anounzwa kutongwa. Anoremekedzwa kodzero yekuparidza nekunyora, akatumirwa kune rimwe guta reruwa rwepurovhinzi, kwaanorarama pasi pekutarisirwa kwakasimba kwehama dzeJesuit. Upenyu hwakadaro Gracian aisagona kutsungirira-akafira musi waDecember 6, 1658, apedza makore masere mushure mematare eJesuit.