Elizabeth Yaroslavna ndiye mwanasikana wa Yaroslav the Wise, mudzimai waHarald III. Biography

Chimiro chekugadzirisa ukama hwezvematongerwo enyika nehurumende dzekunze kuburikidza nekupedzisa kwemhirizhonga yedzinza muRussia yakaonekwa mazana emakore akapfuura. Kunyanya zvakasimba kubudirira mumutambo uyu Grand Duke weKiev Yaroslav Vladimirovich Wise. Haana kungopa vana vake chete vagari venhaka uye vagari venhaka yechigaro cheushe mune dzimwe "nyika dzenyika", asi iye pachake akanga akaroora kumwanasikana waMambo weSweden - Ingigerd. Chero zvakadaro, vakadzi vechiScandinavia panguva iyoyo vaifarira rusununguko rwakakura uye kodzero kupfuura vakadzi muEurope. Aroora mutongi weRussia, Ingigerd yakapiwa sechipo kubva kuna Yaroslav the Wise muguta rose - Ladoga. Mukuroorana kwechinda cheKiei neSweden princess, vana vapfumbamwe vakaberekerwa, uye nekuda kwevana vavo mutongi weRussia akakwanisa kuwirirana neimba dzeumambo dzeEurope. Nenzira iyi, kuguma kwemavhareji mwanasikana we Yaroslav the Wise, uyo akaroora mudyi wenhaka kuchigaro cheNorway, chinonakidza. Ndiani angadai akafunga kuti Elizabeth Yaroslavna (Ellisiv) aizova mambokadzi wehurumende duku yeViking. Asi zvakaitika saizvozvo.

Harald Sigurdarson

Vasanangurwa vekuchamhembe kweRussia vakazvarwa muna 1015. Vabereki vake vaiva mambo weNorway Sigurd Pig naAsta Gudbrandsdottir. Harald aiva nehanzvadzi Olav, uyo akazotumidzwa zita rokuti Tolstoy, uye ipapo Vatsvene.

Mutongi wehurumende yeNorway akanga ari Olav, asi Harald haana kurega tariro yokuti aizotonga nyika rimwe zuva, kunyanya sezvo zita rake raifananidzira zvimwe zvido zvechigaro. Uye zvaaitarisira mune remangwana, zvirokwazvo, zvaive zvakarurama.

Akatova nemakore gumi nematanhatu ane makore, Harald iii akava "mutungamiri mukuru". Mukoma wake Olav, uyo akazova musoro weumambo hwose, akada kuroorwa nemwanasikana waMambo weSweden Ingigerde, asi akaroora Yaroslav Wenzi. Akakundwa neDanes, iye, achivanza kuSweden, uye zvakare muNovgorod, anorasikirwa nesimba muNorway. Iye achaurayiwa muHondo ye Stiklastadir, apo acharwisana nemauto ehurumende yeNorway.

Harald, semukoma wake, akamanikidzwa kutsvaka pokupotera nemambo weSweden, uye zvakare neKievchen prince.

MuNogorgorod

Yaroslav Vladimirovich uyo Akangwara akasangana nemusikana wacho akanyatsonaka. Mutungamiri akamuona sechikwata, asi kwete sevarwi vemazuva ose, asi mumamiriro ehumwe wevashandi vekucherechedza, sezvo urongwa hwacho hwakamanikidzwa. Uye mumakore mashoma kudaro, Harald aida pamutengo upi noupi kuti azvirumbidze pachake muhondo. Akanga achikwezva neavo uye kubwinya kwomukuru. Muchinda akafunga kuti iye, achishandisa nhovo yake nebakatwa, akawana goridhe nezvishongo, kuva munhu ane simba anokudzwa.

Chii icho Harald III Surovy achiita paanenge ari mubasa remukuru weRussia? Iye akabatanidzwa mumatambudziko ematambudziko ehondo: jaya rinopedza nguva yake yose nechechi, avo vanowanzopiwa mirairo kuti vatore mutero kubva munharaunda dzakakundwa naJaroslav the Wise. Izvo zvisina kufanira mugari wenhaka kuNorway chigaro chinowanzopedza kudzvinyirira, kurwisana uye kunyange kuenda kuhondo yePoland pamwechete neKissan prince.

Kusangana nemunhu anofarira

Nhoroondo yacho ndeyekuti Erizaveta Yaroslavna naHarald vakanga vakanganisirwa kune mumwe nomumwe. VaRoma vanogara panguva yekupera kwezana remakore rechi18 ne1900 vakati apo vechidiki Viking vakaona mukomana muduku, akakurumidza kuputirwa nekunaka kwake. Akarohwa nemuchero wakaoma, swan gait, sable mashizha uye meso akajeka emwanasikana wemukuru weRussia. Zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti kubva kuna Harald Surovoy kwaiva rudo pakutanga. Asi mafungiro akadaro achiripo haasi kumiririra kutsoropodza.

Erizaveta Yaroslavna (1025-1066) aiva mwanakomana wechina wemhuri yemutongi. Uye apo mukuru wekuNorway aishanyira Novgorod, Ellisiv aive nemakore 6 kusvika ku9. Saka hatigoni kutaura pamusoro pegomba rinosvika panguva ino.

Vamwe vanyori vezvakaitika kare vanopokanawo kuti mushure mekunge vapedza nguva muna Novgorod (kubva muna 1031 kusvika muna 1034), Harald akashuva musikana muduku. Sei? Zviri nyore chaizvo. Chokutanga, panguva iyoyo mutungamiriri aifungidzirwa nechekupedzisira kwemwanasikana wake mukuru Anna, uyo akanga ato "famba muwanano." Zvakanaka, uye chechipiri, "Norwegian guest" haina kumboonekwa semunhu anonyanya kufanana nemuwani, nokuti, pasinei nechokuremekedza, chaizvoizvo akanga ari "chinangwa sechigoni". Zvechokwadi, akanga ane zvirongwa zvokukumbira "maoko nemukomana wechidiki" mune ramangwana, aigona. Asi iye zvakajeka akaziva kuti pasina pfuma uye kubwinya Elizabeth Yaroslavna aisazosvikika kwaari. Uye Harald anosarudza kuvawana nenzira ipi zvayo.

Viking hondo inoshandisa

Hondo yeNorway prince yaiva chinhu chaidiwa. Akamirira varwi vakashinga-viking. Harald akanga asiri murwi akashinga chete, asiwo nyanzvi yekudzivirira mauto. Mushure mokukunda mubairo, akagamuchira goridhe nesirivha, izvo zvakafananidzira kubudirira, kubudirira uye mufaro. Chokutanga, mugari wenhaka weNorway pachigaro choumambo wakashanda semukuru weByzantine Michael IV.

Akamubatsira kurwisana negungwa nemhirizhonga muGungwa reAegean ndokubva ava nhengo yehondo yekuenda kuSicily. Ipapo Harald akaenda kunodzivisa kupandukira kwaDelian muBulgaria. Mukuwedzera, akarwisana muSicily uye neAfrica. Nokudaro, akatendeuka kuva mutungamiri wemauto ane ruzivo. Uye akawana pfuma nguva dzose kubva kuhondo dzakatumirwa kuNovgorgorod. Apo mubatsiri wake Michael IV akafa, muchinda akawira mukunyadziswa. Akangoerekana ava mbavha, iyo yakanga ichichera, uye yakaiswa mutirongo. Mushure mechinguva Varangian vakatizira uye zvakare vakazviwana muNovgorod.

Nhetembo mukuremekedza vadikanwa

Zvakare, mune ye Yaroslav Wane Uchenjeri, akarangarira mwanasikana wake Ellisive. Iye zvino ave akaisvonaka chaiwo, muSlavic mukadzi uye muByzantine yakanatswa. Iye zvino Elizabeth Yaroslavna aiva chikwata chinokanganisa, uye Harald aisagona kubatsira kubatana murudo. Mukukudzwa kwake, akanyora "Vises of Joy". Aya ndiwo ndima iyo muViking murwi anoyemura ruzivo uye runako izvo Ellisiv anopiwa.

Mukutaura kwemavara, "Vises of Joy" yaiva nziyo dzokurumbidza. Asi mukusikwa kwake musikana wechiNorway haakanganwi kutaura munhu wake, achizviisa pachake seanonyanya kukwikwidza ruoko uye moyo waRaroslav Wasikana waWise. Uye pakupedzisira anobudirira.

Muchinda anopa iyo-mberi kwemuchato

Sezvo mifananidzo yakasara kusvikira nhasi inoratidza, Princess Elzaveta Yaroslavna akanga akanaka chaizvo.

Kubvira achiri mwana ave akajaira kubwinya nekukura kweimba yababa vake, asi humbozha nehupfumi kwaari zvaive sechinhu chaicho. Mune mamwe mazwi, imba ipi neipi yeumambo muEurope yaizoona iri ropafadzo yekugamuchira mwanasikana wepakati we Yaroslav Wuchenjeri mumhuri yake. Asi Erizaveta Yaroslavna akava mudzimai waHarald III.

Paakasvika kuNovegorod, Viking yakagamuchira pfuma yake yose yaakakunda nekuda kwemabasa ake. Mutori wenyika yeHorway akazova murume akapfuma kwazvo muRussia. Uye pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akadaro Yaroslav Wane Uchenjeri, zvakasununguka, akabvumirana kuroorwa kwemwanasikana wake neVikings. Uye akapa kupa-mberi kwemuchato kwete zvikuru nokuti akaona Harold mudzimai akakodzera, kuti aida sei kubatana uku kusimbisa ukama hwakanaka nenyika dzekumusoro kweEurope. Mhemberero yemuchato yakaitika muchando cha1043-1044.

Kudzokera kuNorway

Mumwedzi mitanhatu inotevera, avo vachangobva kuchata vaigara muGadas. Pasina nguva, vakaenda kuNorway. Zvadaro, Icelandic skald Stov Blind anonyora kuti: "Akawira goridhe rakawanda uye mwanasikana wamambo."

Chinokosha ndechokuti mune nhetembo dzemakateti mukadzi aisanganiswa nemishonga yegoridhe kana nemamwe mabasa evakadzi. Apo zvikwata zvakavimbisa kuti Varangians vakanga vatora zvirokwazvo upfumi uye zvinhu zvakanakisisa zvakatakura kubva Gardariki, vaifunga nezvezvishongo zvegoridhe uye mambokadzi weRussia.

Chero zvazvingava, muchato wemwanasikana we Yaroslav Wise uye mwanakomana waMambo Sigurd Pig zvakare wakasimbisa hukama hwakanaka hwepedyo pakati peRussia neNorway. Harald, somugumisiro wekuroora mutungamiriri weRussia, kwenguva pfupi yakava pedyo nemunhu ane simba Jarl Svein Ulvsson, uyo akazotora chigaro cheDanish.

Makore ehurumende munyika yavo yekumba

Achiuya kumba, Harald akagovera simba munyika yacho nemukoma wake Magnus.

Akagamuchira semubairo wehafu yeupfumi hwakakundwa nevaVikings mumafambi marefu, uye Harald akawana kodzero yekutarisira 50% yenharaunda yeNorway. Asi munguva pfupi pakati pehama, kudzidzira hondo kune zvikamu zvehutano zvakatanga kubuda zvakanyanya. Somugumisiro, mwanakomana weSigurd Pigs akava mutongi akazara munyika yake. Asi muzukuru mushure mechinguva akadzorera babamunini vake. Asati afa rufu Magnus akarwisa umambo hweDanish kuSvein Ulvsson, uye mugove weshumba weuto reNorway wakamanikidzwa kuenda kumusha. Somugumisiro, varwi vaHarald vakadzokera kuNorway. Murume waErizaveta Yaroslavna akanga ari pedyo nehasha.

Anenge ane pfungwa yekuve mutongi weDenmark. Gore roga rega mumwaka wegore, anounganidza hondo yake uye anomutungamirira kuhondo nevaneDhani, kupamba uye kuparadza dzimba dzavo. Nokuda kwechisimba chakadaro, akatumidzwa zita rokuti Harald muHarsh Mutongi. Hongu, akanga ari mumamiriro ekumhanya uye haana kumbokanganwa zvikwangwani zvake. Somugumisiro, vanhuwo zvavo vakatambura. Zvisinei, akanga ari mutungamiri ane ruzivo uye murume ainyatsoziva muhutano hwemauto ehondo. MuByzantium, akanyatsoziva uchenjeri hwekugadzirisa maitiro uye akabudirira kuita mazivo akawanikwa kuchamhembe kweEurope.

Mune imwe nyika iri kuchamhembe

Asi Erizaveta Yaroslavna (Mambokadzi weNorway) akanzwa sei pamusoro penyota yekukunda kwemurume wake? Aigona sei kutsungirira kutsamwa kwakasimba kwaHarald the Hars? Nhoroondo haina kupa mhinduro dzisinganzwisisiki kumibvunzo iyi. Zvichida kuti mwanasikana we Yaroslav the Wise akaedza kudzora mararamiro ake kune dzimwe nyika. Asi isu hatigoni kuisa pachena chokwadi chokuti Mambokadzi weNorway akanga achangobva kuitwa akafananidza murume wake nababa vake, avo vaisakwanisawo kuwedzera miganhu yenyika yake. Aigona kungobvunza maitiro echiKristu uye aitarisira kuti Harald aizogumisa hondo dzinotyisa. Chero zvakadaro, asi akanzwa semutorwa munyika ino inotonhora, yekusingaperi. Mamiriro ehumhandara akawedzererwa nekuti akanga asina hama kuNorway, uye baba vake vakanga vasingachabatsiri Ellisiv ndokupa Harald nemapoka.

Mudzimai wechipiri

Asisina kurasikirwa nababa vake vane simba, mutongi weNorway akasarudza kuroora zvakare. Panguva iyoyo, vamiriri vevakuru vakagamuchira kodzero yekuve nevakadzi vakawanda. Uye imwe chete yaifungidzirwa yepamutemo. Makore matatu bedzi apfuura kubvira muchato waHarold naElizabethe Yaroslavna, saSigurd Pig, vaida kuroora naTora Torbergsdottir - mwanasikana weToffcoon weNorway.

Panguva iyoyo Princess Ellisiv akanga aberekera vanasikana vaviri - Ingigerd naMaria. Maererano nemamwe mabhuku - "The Strand yeHalley Chelnok" uye "The Saga yeHarald Mutongi WeHars" - hukama pakati pemambo weNorway neTora Torbergsdottir hwakakurumidza kuva rudo rukuru. MuNorway, iyi yakava musoro wehurukuro 1 yekukurukurirana. Nokudaro, Torah yakabereka mwanakomana waOlav.

Kupopota kwekurambana kubva Ellisiv

Zvishoma nezvishoma, Harald akatanga kurega kubva kuna Elizabeth Yaroslavna, uye Torah akatora nzvimbo yake. Akatoenda naye pahondo dzehondo.

Mamwe magwaro anotaura kubvisa kwehukama pakati peHarald nemwanasikana we Yaroslav Wise. Asi kana ari chaizvoizvo, haugoni kutaura. Chero zvazvingava, mubasa rake rokupedzisira, vaNorway Viking vakanga vasiri voga: ainge aine Elizabeth Yaroslavna (mukunda wa Yaroslav the Wise).

The Last Campaign

Imwe nguva mushure mokunge Norway yakamira kuedza kutora Denmark, vana vaSigurd Pig vakatanga zvakare kunzwa manzwiro ezvokushandisa zvehondo. Pane imwe nguva munyika yake mumwe murume wokuEngland akazviratidza uyo akaudza Harold kuti ane mukana wose wekutora chigaro cheBritish. Achizvienzanisa nechinangwa ichi chepenzi, Varangian vakatanga kuunganidza hondo. Asi pasina nguva akatanga kurota hope dzakaipa, iyo inogona kududzirwa sechinyevero pamusoro pezviito zvisina kufungidzirwa. Asi vaNorway vachisarudza kuenda kumushandirapamwe. Akasiya chigaro pamusoro pomukoma wake, uye akarota kuti aizova mambo weGreat Britain. Aida kugara imomo nokusingaperi.

Pakutanga, iye aiperekedzwa kubudirira. Akange achitozivikanwa seMambo weChirungu. Asi Mambo Harold akakurumidza kuunganidza hondo yakamukomba uye achipikisa munyengeri. PaHondo yeStamford Bridge, uto reNorway rakakundwa, uye murume waEllisiv akafira pakurwa.

Zvakazoitika kumambo mushure mekufa kwemurume wake

Mushure meMuchinda Elizabeth, Yaroslavna akadzoka naOlav naIngigerd. Mwanasikana Maria akafa panguva imwe chete nababa vake. Zvinyorwa hazvitauri nezvemangwana remangwana reJaroslav's Mwanasikana akachenjera. Iyo inozivikanwa kuti Ingigerd akava mudzimai wemambo kubva kuDenmark Olav Sveinsson uye zvino anotonga nyika iyi yeScandinavia.