Nei mashizha manyoro? Nei vachida nayo?

Plants - mumwe ushe mashanu zvipenyu zviri redu. Vanopinda eukaryotes, kureva vanhu vane masero ane neerekitironi.

The nemamiriro chirimwa

Vanogona kuva unicellular kana zvipuka zvine masero akawanda. Ekupedzisira muzvikamu zvakadai mutema, mashava uye tsvuku algae, spore, gymnosperms uye angiosperms. algae muviri anogona kuva sero rimwe chete, uye zvakawanda, asi mamiriro avo pane asina miviri, muviri hwakasimba - inonzi thallus. In spore, gymnosperms uye angiosperms (maruva miti) vakachengeta kuvapo kusiyaniswa nyama uye nhengo dzomuviri. Recent akakamurwa vegetative uye rokubereka. Aimbova inoreva Kutizira (chokumisa uye mashizha) uye mudzi. Vanhu vazhinji vanoshamisika, "Sei egirini," Seiko ruvara ichi? Uyewo, vana vakawanda vanobvunza mubvunzo: "Nei egirini?" Uye munyaya ino tichataura kutanga nyaya iyi.

Nei mashizha manyoro?

ruvara Izvi imhaka pamberi chlorophyll. Mumatsutso ruvara rwacho akarasika uye munyoro jira iri dzikwanise tsvuku, orenji kana yeyero. Ko sei uchifanira zvinhu izvi? Inongova anokosha zvinomera. Pasina izvozvo zvinogona ngarirege chirongwa photosynthesis naro zvinovaka muviri anobudiswa. Organic makemikari zvinomera kazhinji kuwana chete izvi. Zvisinei, dzimwe mhando kuti vanogara dzakaderera akaturikidzana ari rainforest, havawani chiedza zvakakwana nokuda photosynthesis zvizere, saka akareva kunovhima tumbuyu duku, nokudaro compensating kuti kushaya Organic yeimwe. Izvi zvinosanganisira sundew, mudzimai wacho patapata uye zvichingodaro. D.

Dzokororai nemamiriro muti sero

Inoitwa plasma Kamudzira, sero rusvingo pamusoro cellulose, iyo cytoplasm, iyo ine organelles uye neerekitironi kuti DNA. The cytoplasm rine organelles dzakadaro: iri mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, vacuole (mu yekare keji - imwe hombe, vechiduku - vashoma diki), kuti Golgi yakaoma, uye plastids (chloroplasts, leucoplasts, chromoplasts). Mumwe nomumwe wavo anoita ayo ushande. Mitochondria kubereka simba, ribosomes synthesize mapuroteni endoplasmic reticulum (reticulum) zvinowanisa lipid vacuoles kuunganidza pasingadiwi zvinhu sezvo inovatungamirira kunze yakasimba muchitokisi rusvingo zvisingaiti munzvimbo chloroplasts inopfuura photosynthesis muitiro, chromoplasts ane pigments, leucoplasts mumabhatiri chengetedza muviri ( kumboda, starch ichi).

How photosynthesis?

Izvi zviri kuitwa munyika chloroplasts, izvo dziri mune cytoplasm. organelles Ava odnomembrannymi mu nechivako yavo inosanganisira thylakoids - matete inounganidzwa ari zviso - pamurwi. Zviri mavari uye ane chlorophyll - ndokusaka egirini. Uyezve, chloroplasts ane ribosomes, munyaya Pfungwa kwemapurotini, starch granule, uyewo dzeraundi morekuru reDNA, umo mashoko wakanyorwa pamusoro zvinhu zvinofanira synthesized muchitokisi. In nedanho photosynthesis, zvinomera tibatsirwe zuva simba, mvura uye carbon dioxide uye kupa kubvisa okisijeni ave ne-chigadzirwa zvavaifunga. Makemikari kuti zvinobatsira kuita makemikari mukukurukurirana vari zvakananga chloroplast chizvaro (fuma akauzadzawo).

Chii inoitwa mashizha?

muviri Izvi zvinogona kuziva mhando dzakawanda chirimwa rinenge zvadziri ina. Izvi Epiderme e, mesophyll, kuitisa zvinyama (xylem uye phloem), uye zvokuimba tishu. Photosynthesis anotora nzvimbo chaiyo iri mesophyll, kana parenchyma. Unogona kuona mumasero nyoro nemaikorosikopu. Izvi yokumusoro bhora - the Epiderme e. Masero dai akaronga kunyatsoomerera mumwe, asi rukoko urwu rine pores kuti kubvumira kuti rishandise carbon dioxide kuti sunungura okisijeni, uyewo waidzora mvura netembiricha mwero. Parenchyma (mesophyll) iri huviri akaturikidzana - mumwe masero columnar, vamwe - kubva chipanji. In aimbova ine vakawanda chloroplasts pane yechipiri. Xylem midziyo inopiwa kuburikidza iyo mvura iri kusvitsa kubva pamidzi kusvika mashizha, i.e. uchikwira uye phloem sitopodobnyh ine sepombi kuburikidza iyo mvura iri zvifambiswe pasi. Mechanical chete zvinyama jira zvinopa Rigidity uye isimbe, kunyanya chimiro.