Zvokutemerwa dombo mbiru mitemo: mitemo King Hammurabi

Archaeology agara akazarura chavanhu zvakavanzika upenyu kare. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha Zvakawanikwa mukutanga remakore rechi20 zviri muguta rekare Susa, simbi yakavezwa pabwe mbiru mitemo, iyo gare gare vakanga ainzi mitemo raHammurabi. Chii bumbiro yepakutanga, uye ndiani aiva musiki kwayo? Izvi ichakurukurwa zvino.

Hammurabi aiva ani: pfupi Biography

About Hammurabi, mambo yekare weBhabhironi State, asati kukwira pachigaro, zvishoma zvinozivikanwa. Muna 1793 BC, akava mutongi bedzi kusvikira ake shoma umambo. Pakarepo, akatanga kugadzirira kuti hondo yaiparadza kundorwa yakapoteredza guta-inoti: Larsa, Isin, Malgiuma, Rapikuma uye Uruk. urongwa ake kunge chinozoiswa pakazopera 1781 asi panguva yedu, zvichiguma Hammurabi vakabatana munyika Lower Mesopotamia rive simba umambo, asingazivi kukundwa.

Kutaura simba roumambo uye richikura simba umambo hwake pamusoro upfumi uye chinokosha-mari ukama munzvimbo ichiri zvakasimbisa simba rake autocratic mberi. Asi kuita mishandirapamwe ava kukunda akava mambo akakurumbira.

Zvikuru mberi panguva iyoyo chaiva kusika kuti bumbiro iri mhando - Hammurabi. Zvokutemerwa ibwe mbiru mitemo, iyo panguva iyoyo aigara muBhabhironi, akava kwete chete nhoroondo Monument, asi vangakupawo akanaka mashoko nemamiriro ehurumende uye magariro upenyu iyoyo.

The pakuonekwa nebwe mbiru mitemo

Mitemo Hammurabi vari zvakanyorwa mumutauro Sumerian, iyo vakawanda wakada kuti fananei arufabheti checuneiform. Zvokutemerwa dombo mbiru mitemo zvakakwana vakachengetedzwa, izvo akabvumira kuongorora zvose pamutemo uye hurumende midziyo Bhabhironi kwazvo pakutonga muvambi mitemo, uyewo vazhinji emakore pashure pokufa kwake.

Akazvimisira shongwe yakagadzirwa basalt, mumwe kumbonyanya padombo. Ake mberi chikamu yokumusoro iri surmounted ne Bhanabhasi-rusununguko raHammurabi nokugamuchira kubva mwari wezuva Shamash mitemo iyoyo.

Vamwe pose wakafukidzwa zvinyorwa, anotaura sei murume anofanira kurarama munyika kupfuura kana vanotungamirirwa chero kwema, pavaichengetwa kana kurambana, uye anozivisa chikuru marangirwo kana unzenza. Mashoko acho muzvikamu zvitatu zvimiso zvikamu: sumo, ari 282 mutemo uye kuguma. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti zvokutemerwa ibwe shongwe mitemo vasina zvakachengetedzwa zvakazara: 35 vavo akadzimwa. Zvisinei, vakakwanisa kupora tichibatsirwa magwaro akachengetedzwa muraibhurari ramambo weAsiriya naAshurbhanipari.

Mitemo King Hammurabi: ndepapi muupenyu kudzorwa nemurairo

Hammurabi, maererano kuradzikwa nemitemo basalt yembiru, vachiedza kugadzirisa zvinenge nharaunda zvose zvoupenyu munyika yake. Mitemo ane zvakasiyana-siyana zvinhu mumunda wezvokutengeserana ukama, kunyanya kuita kuti mutengesi kuti kutengeswa chakaremara zvinhu, kusanganisira zvishongo, machira, uye kunyange nezvikepe. Zvokutemerwa dombo mbiru kodzero kutsanangurira nezvedzinza, uye pamigumisiro chero mhosva, kana kuba, umhondi uchiziva kana netsaona kana uroyi. Mukuwedzera, wavanotipa kuita uye kuti nhema. A guru kuenderana cheMutemo inotaura kupfungwa yokuroora uye mutemo mhuri, uyewo pfuma ukama.

Nhoroondo ukoshi Hammurabi

On enhoroondo kukosha Hammurabi anogona chete ichizotongwa chokwadi kuti ndiro chete tsime zvakanaka akachengetedzwa, izvo akabvumira kwete chete kuti vadzidze pamusoro yeBhabhironi rekare, asiwo pamusoro mutemo Eastern yekare zvavo. Masayendisiti akasvika pakugumisa kuti mambo weBhabhironi, hurumende yakanga yakavakirwa mitemo yavo mitemo nezvaiva munzanga panguva iyoyo, asi kwete vose vaifanira kuita. Mitemo Hammurabi akabvumira kunzwisisa muupenyu kuMesopotamia dzakawanda panguva 2nd chemakore BC.