Zvakasikwa Great uyo akaita yose kuzarura

zvakasikwa Great vaiva masayendisiti akakurumbira uyo akadzidza hunhu kuwirirana zvakananga nayo. Shoko iri rinogona deciphered, kana iwe kuiganhura vachiita migove miviri: "zvisikwa" - ndiwo hunhu uye "muedzo" - tarisa.

Great zvakasikwa: Pamazita

In sayenzi wechisikigo imwe nguva apo zvakanga zvakakodzera kutsanangura mamiriro uye kudzidza wose, kureva. E. To kushandisa ruzivo kubva kuminda siyana sayenzi akadai bhotani, nezvenyeredzi, zvemhuka, mineralogy, kuti zvakasikwa wokutanga kubva pasi pose. Zvinofanira nyorai vasayendisiti uye kuudza nezvedzimwe mashoko aigona kuita zvinofadza zvakawanwa apo paiva nemikana uye ruzivo saka shoma:

• Stiv Irvin (Australia).
• Terri Irwin (Australia).
• Alice Menfild (Australia).
• Jose Bonifacio of Andrada e Silva (Brazil).
• Bartolomeu of Gusmão (Brazil).
• Erik Pontoppidan (Denmark).
• Frederick Faber (Denmark).

zvakasikwa Great vaiva France, Germany, Great Britain, Poland, Croatia, Switzerland uye Russia, ramakagadzwa vanozivikanwa Vyacheslav Pavlovich Kovrigo, Aleksandr Fedorovich Kots uye Mihail Vasilevich Lomonosov.

musayendisiti wokutanga

Kufarira hunhu murume akaonekwa munguva dzekare, paakatanga tifunge kuti chirimwa chinogona kudyiwa uye chii harisi, kuvhima mhuka uye sei kuti kupingudza navo.

MuGirisi yekare, paiva pakutanga zvakasikwa zvikuru, kusanganisira Aristotle. Ndiye wokutanga kudzidza uye vachengete hunhu uye akaita vachiedza systematize zivo. Panguva iyoyowo zvakawanika yavo musayendisiti akaratidza yokunyora nokudhirowa chakabatsira kuferefeta. Rakanga zvinobatsira wokutanga zvesayenzi, izvo kwenguva refu nguva rinoshandiswa pakudzidza.

Mumakore upenyu Aristotle wakasika inochengeterwa mhuka huru, uye kumubatsira kuti zviuru zvakawanda vanhu, kusanganisira vabati vehove, vafudzi, vavhimi, apo vose vaizivikanwa kuti tenzi mumunda wake akapiwa.

On hwaro yakaunganidzwa mashoko musayendisiti akanyora mabhuku anopfuura 50, apo zvinenge zviri rakakamurwa nyore, vamire yakadereresa nenhanho kukura, uyewo chinozivikanwa nezvimwe zvinhu zvipenyu kuti vari kupfuura kuoma. Iye akasarudzwa boka remhuka kuti nhasi vanozivikanwa se Arthropoda, izvi zvinosanganisira zvipembenene crustaceans.

The zvakasikwa huru Carl Linnaeus

Zvishoma nezvishoma vaunganidza ruzivo, zvinomera uye mhuka dzaifanira kupa mazita, asi mumakondinendi zvakasiyana, vanhu vakapa mazita avo, zvichikonzera kuvhiringika. Zvakanga zvakaoma kuti masayendisiti kugoverana ruzivo uye ruzivo, nekuti zvakanga zvakaoma kunzwisisa chii kana ndivanaani. , Maitiro Aristotle, iro raishandiswa kwenguva refu nguva akava usashanda uye akanga asisiri akakodzera, kana akavhura nyika itsva.

Wokutanga kuziva kuti nguva yasvika yokuti agadzirise zvinhu, aiva musayendisiti wokuSweden Karl Linney, uyo akaita basa guru remakore rechi17.

Akapa zita nomumwe rudzi, uye chiLatin kuitira kuti munhu wose anogona kunzwisisa munyika dzakasiyana pasi rose. Uyewo, zvinenge vakakamurwa muzvikwata uye kupatsanura vakanotora miviri zita (subspecies). Somuenzaniso, Birch ane wakawedzera zita sezvo ploskolistnaya uye zvipfupi nebheya mashava uye chena.

Linnaeus 'maitiro kushandiswa saka kure, kunyange zvazvo panguva dzakasiyana, yakanga dzakachinjwa uye vaisanganisa, asi chinoumba gadziriro inoramba zvakafanana.

Charles Darwin

Muzana remakore rechi19 muEngland, mumusha yakakurumbira musayendisiti Charles Darwin, uyo akabatsira kuti pave nesayenzi uye chigaro dzidziso yake Nezvekwakabva nyika, rinozikamwa ose wechikoro.

Vakawanda zvikuru zvakasikwa akabata shanduro Darwin, rwaiumbwa pakuti zvipenyu kusanduka nenguva, achichinja kuita zvimwe nderemagariro. Asi haasi munhu wose anogona kutora, uye zvakasimba ndizvo chete zvinorarama, iro anokwanisawo kuratidza zvavanokwanisa unhu nhaka zvizvarwa.

masayendisiti Russian

Mumakore apfuura, zvakasikwa makuru vaiva Russia, uye vanhu vazhinji kuziva dhigirii dzavo uye zvakawanikwa.

Geneticist Nikolai Vavilov mupiro mukuru nokudzidza anorimwa zvirimwa. Akaunganidza kupfuura muunganidzwa mbeu, ine anenge 250,000 ivhu, kuona nzvimbo ravakaberekerwa, uye yakatanga dzidziso chirimwa kutapata.

nomupiro Great kumunda immunology kwakaita Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov, kudzidza muviri womunhu uye nzira anorwa utachiona siyana. Basa chakatsaurirwa kuna kudzidza korera, fivha, tibhii, uye njovhera, unoedza kunzwisisa mavambo uye kuwana nzira kurwa. Iye artificially akaita njovhera mune tsoko vakarondedzera muzvinyorwa ake. Chete kubudirira izvi zvinogona kunzi muchikwata che "masayendisiti zvikuru dzinongoitika." Biology yave sainzi chikuru; iye akasika dzidziso kwakabva zvipuka zvine masero akawanda zvipenyu, apo maberekero yave akatsaurira nguva yakawanda kuti kudzidza kukwegura kwacho, uye akafunga kuti vakwegura anouya zvakare mangwanani kukonzerwa pakuzvinyengera chepfu ane Muviri yakasiyana tupukanana uye muchetura.