George Gamow: biography nemifananidzo

George Gamow inyika yakakurumbira astrophysicist, theoretical physicist uye popularizer wesayenzi. Kuzivikanwa kweruzivo kwakauya nokuda kwezvinyorwa zvakanyorwa nezvebiology, cosmology, nyukliya uye atomiki physics, astrophysics uye quantum mechanics.

Musayendisiti ndiye wokutanga anogona kujekesa zvakajeka dambudziko re genetic code. Uyewo inofungidzirwa kuti inotanga kubuda nenhamba yakawanda yeal alpha kuora, akava muvambi wezvidzidzo zve "Hot Universe".

Kubata uye kuyaruka

Gamow Georgy Antonovich akaberekwa musi waMarch 4, 1904 muguta reOdessa, mune mhuri yevadzidzisi. Amai vomukomana vakafa kare. Baba vakanga vari mudzidzisi weRussia uye mabhuku panzvimbo yejimasi. Madzitateguru eGeorge vaiva varwi nevapristi.

Baba George vakafara kuti mwanakomana wavo aida biology, physics uye nyeredzi. Ndokusaka Georgy Gamow akapinda muOdessa University muna 1921, achisarudza Physics neMathematics Faculty. Ndakapedza kwete kungodzidza zvakanaka chete, asiwo kushanda senhare yekuongorora mune zvenyika.

University Leningrad

Muna 1922 Gamow Georgy Antonovich akapinda muYunivhesiti yeLeningrad paYunivhesiti yeFizikiki neMathematics. Iyi sangano rezvidzidzo raive panguva iyo yepamusoro yesayenzi yakatanga kuitika muSoviet Union. Upenyu hwaive mukuda mari, saka scientists weramangwana aifanira kuwana basa semucherecheri wemamiriro ekunze.

MunaSeptember 1923 akatanga kutonga munda wekucherechedza mamiriro okunze kweChikoro cheArtillery, paakadzidza pafizikiki. Iko kare muna 1924 Gamow akashanda muHurumende Optical Institute, achivandudza nzira dzekuramba girazi rakagadzirwa.

Shanda kune imwe nyika. Dzidziso yeAlf kuora

Muna 1926 akapedza kudzidza kubva yunivhesiti uye akapinda chikoro chekudzidza Gamow Georgy Antonovich. Nhoroondo yemasayendisiti yakaenderera mberi nekuti iye akava musarudzo akasarudzwa kuti aende kuGermany. Asi zvinyorwa zvose zvinodiwa izvi zvaive zvakagadzirirwa muna 1928 chete.

Gamow akasarudza zvakasimba kugadzirisa dzidziso yekasiyamu yemaatomu uye akasarudza dambudziko rekuora kweatomu. Achishandisa simba remugwagwa, musayendisiti akakwanisa kuratidza kuti zvikamu zvine kunyange simba shomanana rinogona kubhururuka kubva mudenga neimwe nguva inogona. Dzidziso yakadaro yakava ndiyo yekutanga kutsanangurwa kwehutano hwezvinhu zvinonzi radioactive substances. Mukuwedzera kwaGamow, Edward Condon naRonald Gurney vakataura nezvenyaya iyi, asi George chete akakwanisa kuwana mhinduro dzakawanda.

Kubva pakufunga kwake, physicist Georgy Gamov akakwanisa kuenzana nekukura kwemaikisi (anenge gumi kusvika gumi nematatu masentimita) uye akatsanangura mutemo weGeiger-Nettol, unobatanidza simba rezvakabudisa zvikamu nehafu yehupenyu hwechikamu. Muna July 1928, mumwe musayendisiti wechidiki akabudisa nyaya yake mune imwe nyanzvi yakakurumbira yesayenzi, iyo yakamuita mukurumbira munyika yefizikiki.

Dzokera kumba

Muna 1931 Georgy Gamow, uyo anotsanangurwa nezvake zvakanyatsotsanangurwa munyaya ino, akadzokera kuLeningrad ndokutanga kushanda mundima yenyika yenyukireya. Mugore rimwe chete, hupenyu hwehupenyu hwemasayendisiti hwakatanga kukura. Akasangana nemudzidzi weMoscow State University Lyubov Vokhmintseva. Nokukurumidza muchato wacho wakaitika.

Muna Gumiguru 1931, Gamow akagamuchira chikumbiro kuRoman Conference, asi haana kukwanisa kubva munyika. Mushure meizvozvo, akatanga kutarisa mukana, izvi zvingaitwa sei (uye kwete chete nomutemo). Munguva yezororo muCrimea, mumwe murume nomudzimai vakomana vakaedza kushambira nechikepe kuenda kuTurkey, asi dutu rakasimba rakaidzivisa kuita.

Asi muna 1933, mukana wakawanikwa. Georgy Gamow, pamushumo weIoffe, akasarudzwa kuhofisi yemumiriri weSoviet paSeventh Solvay Congress. Musayendisiti akakwanisa kuwana visa kwete iye oga, asiwo mudzimai wake. Chinangwa chikuru cheGeorge chaive kushanda kune dzimwe nyika uye, kana zvichidiwa, kudzokera kunyika yekwake.

George Gamow: The Big Bang Theory

Muna 1946, musayendisiti akatanga kutora nzvimbo ye cosmology uye akarondedzera mufananidzo we "Moto Wenyika". Nheyo yedzidziso iyi yaiva kuenzanisa kwezera rezvose zvakasikwa, izvo zvakaenzana zvakaenzana nezera rePasi, uye chiyero che helium uye hydrogen.

Muna 1948 nyanzvi yefizikiro Georgy Gamow pamwechete nevadzidzi vake vakagadzira dzidziso yekuumbwa kwemakemikari nucleosynthesis, kana sequential neutron capture. Zvisinei, haina kugamuchira kunyatsotarisirwa, uye kwenguva yakareba yakanga isingazivi. Sezvo Schiven Weinberg akati: "Gamow nevadzidzi vake vakaongorora Nyika yekutanga, ndiyo maminitsi matatu ekutanga."

Genetic code

Muna 1954, pakarepo mushure mekunge kuwanikwa kwekaDNA yakadzikidzwa kaviri, Gamow akaita basa rinokosha pakuumbwa kwesayenzi itsva - molecule biology, achiisa chinangwa chekutanga kune dambudziko re genetic code. Nokutsvaga kwesayenzi, musayendisiti akakwanisa kunzwisisa kuti mapuroteni, ane makumi maviri emasino acids acids, anowedzerwa mune imwe nzira uye ari chikamu cheDNA.

Nokudaro, Gamow akakwanisa kunzwisisa kuti DNA yakavharidzirwa kubva kune zvikamu zvina zvinokonzera nucleotides izvo zvinopa makumi matanhatu nevana zvinogona kusanganiswa. Uye izvi zvakakwana kunyora ruzivo rwehupenyu.

Chete muna 1961 nharo iyi yakazopedzisira yasimbiswa naFrancis Crick nevatsigiri vake, iyo vakagamuchira Nobel Prize.

Rwendo rwokuAmerica

Mushure mekunge musayendisiti akasiya Soviet Union, akashanda nguva yakawanda munyika dzakasiyana, asi basa rekusingaperi kwenguva yakareba raisagona kuwanikwa. Uye muna 1934 chete maiva nemakiti kubva kuAmerica. Akagadzwa panzvimbo yepurofesa paYunivhesiti yeWashington. Vakasarudza kubata misangano yegore negore, iyo yakakoshesa vanachiremba vanozivikanwa kubva kumativi ose enyika. Panguva imwecheteyo, musayendisiti akatanga kuve nehanya nehukama pakati peatomic energy uye zvitubu zve stellar simba.

Muna 1941, mushure mokubva kuYunivhesiti yeWashington, nyanzvi ye physics yakasarudza kutanga kutanga bhomba reatomu. Zvisinei, iyo nzira yakanga isingabvumirwi kwaari, saka akamanikidzwa kuita mabasa maduku. Uye muna 1948 George akagamuchira mvumo yemasoja uye iye pachake akabatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwemhepo yeBrogen.

George Gamow, "The Adventures yaVaTompkins"

Bhuku racho, rakanyorwa nemuzivi wenyanzvi anozivikanwa, rakagadzirirwa vadzidzi, vana vechikoro uye vanhu vakarurama vanofarira mafungiro ezvesayenzi emazuva ano.

Bhuku racho rine mabasa maviri. Yokutanga pane izvi "Mr. Tompkins muWonderland." Iyi inyaya inonyadzisa inoudza vaverengi nezvemudzimai ari mubasa rekubhadhara ari kushumira munyika yenheyo yehukama. Nyaya yechipiri "Mr. Tompkins anoongorora atomu" inofadza uye inongoratidzira zvinhu zvose zvinoitika mukati meatomu uye nucleus inucleic. Bhuku racho rinosanganisira zvitsauko gumi nemashanu zvingave nyore kufarira vaverengi.

Autobiography

Rimwe bhuku rinonakidza pamusoro pehupenyu hwake rakanyorwa naGeorgy Gamov - "Nhamba yangu yenyika. Nzira dzisina kurongeka. "

Muna 1934, musayendisiti uye munyori webhuku iri vakatamira kubva kuEurope kuenda kuAmerica. Nhoroondo yehupenyu yakarondedzera majee mazhinji, ayo aifarira kuudza shamwari dzake. Pakanga pasina chinhu chakakomba pamusoro pazvo, Gamov akataura.

MuUnited States, "My World Line" yaive mune imwe chete kopi, yakachengetwa muLenin Library. Zvisinei Ya.B. Zeldovich akabvumirwa kutora bhuku iri kumba, uye akamurega achiverenga kune vazivana naye neshamwari. Nokudaro, vanhu vazhinji vaiziva zviri mukati. Tinogona kutaura kuti Georgy Gamow akaita "World Line" pakati peAmerica neRussia.

Rimwe basa

Georgy Gamow "The Giant of Three Sciences" yakanyorerwa vaverengi vakasiyana-siyana vanofarira nhoroondo ye cosmology uye physics, uyewo matambudziko e sayenzi yakakosha.

Mabasa emasayendisiti akakurumbira akasiya chiratidzo chakajeka uye chisingakanganwiki mundima yefikireya yefikireya, astrophysics, genetics uye primaryary particle physics. Bhuku iri rakanyora uye rinotsanangura zvakakosha zvakabudirira zvesainzi. Pano, vaverengi vanogona kudzidza pamusoro pe "Big Bang Theory", iyo yakawanda yedzidziso yekufa kweAlf, pamwe nekudzima mazita eti genetic code.

Documentary

The documentary "Georgy Gamow. Physicist kubva kuna Mwari "yakabudiswa muna 2009 nemukuru mukuru Irina Bakhtina. Munyori akaratidza kuti imwe nyanzvi yemasikirini yeAmerica, uyo akaisa mberi nhamba yakawanda yesayendisiti yekurota, kurota pamusoro peSoviet Union.

Pasinei nokuti munguva yehupenyu hwesainzi zvizhinji zvemabasa ake zvakanga zvisingadiwi, ikozvino zvakakosha zvikuru, sezvazvakava kutanga kwezvesayenzi dzakawanda nedzidziso. Saka tinogona kufungidzira kuti Soviet-American physicist akararama upenyu hwake nechikonzero chakanaka.