Marshall Plan - pavanotaurirana pakati Western uye Eastern blocs vokutanga

The in pashure pehondo Europe vakapona kunotyisa hondo WWII, paiva inoverengeka dzinongoitika mibvunzo muna 1947. Pakutanga vakanga akabata kuvakazve kwakakanganisa maguta, zvoupfumi hurongwa, uto demobilization, kuchinjirwa kune murunyararo njanji indasitiri. Sezvineiwo asingasviki panyatwa hondo vakauya zvavo transatlantic shamwari - the United States. Zvisinei, uye pano taiva nematambudziko avo zvaifanira kugadziriswa. Vasati ichi, hurumende hapana zvishoma chakasimba waiva mubvunzo demobilization uye kuronga upenyu woga nemasoja. Uyezve, uto kugadzirwa raifanira wakapetwa uye reclassify nayo sezvakatenderanwa rugare ezvinhu. Asi chii misika zvaizoitika zvigadzirwa izvi? Kana pre-hondo Europe aiva shasha zvokutengeserana naye vagari solvent, zvino kondinendi angova matongo, uye vatengi nemakanzuru zvaisagona kupa anodiwa kudiwa kupinza zvinhu. Recovery kwakabatsira vose. Zvino Zvakaguma masanga kuti zvinangwa Marshall Plan. Muchidimbu sezvo akanzi, nokuti akaita matanho zvoupfumi wakatangwa na US Munyori weHurumende George Marshall.

Musimboti kuMarshall Plan

The zviri chirongwa vokutanga munyaya July 1945 pagungano musangano kuParis. Pakutanga, Marshall Plan akagovera kugoverana uye Eastern European States. Pashure pezvose, chikuru kukundikana hondo chaiyo iri nechokumabvazuva Europe. In tichienzanisa Warsaw, Prague uye Krakow, kweBrussels uye Paris aiita dzisina kuwana hondo chete kunyarara nzvimbo. Zvisinei, rokumabvazuva kumuganhu Europe yave novimba hurumende yeSoviet. A vatungamiriri Soviet aitya kuti rubatsiro rwakadaro kuchasimbisa US pesvedzero munyika idzi opedzisira mukurumbira wavo Socialist Party. Chaizvoizvo, nezvikonzero izvi, zvose mugovanisi inoti vava vanozvikudza pezvaaitsigira uye akaramba kubatsira. Zvinofadza kuona kuti ari Marshal urongwa yaisagona kukwana kuratidzwa nokuda CPSU (b) kuramba kuti bhajeti dhefisiti uye kuvapo chero matambudziko inokosha. Achishandisa zvinogona anokumhan'arira akaramba, vanosarudza nehana basa. Sezvineiwo, rumutsiriro Soviet Union akaita yayo tifambirane haana kupiwa nzira European, regai yakabereka zvikuru basa mari.

Implementation nechirongwa

Marshall Plan pakupedzisira kupararira kunyika gumi nemasere kweBritain, kuti Air Islands, Western, Southern uye Central Europe. chirongwa ichi zvoupfumi wava chimwe chezvinhu kubudirira (mu mhando) rose vasikwa. Kwenguva pfupi nguva akabvumira Marshall Plan kuvakazve vakaparadza upfumi European inoti, zvichiita nyika yakabudirira uye vane Vatambi yose geopolitical nhandare. With zvikomborero zvose izvi Tinofanira kuonawo kuti kubudirira purogiramu pamwero mukuru akafanosarudza United States kutonga kumadokero nyika. Somuenzaniso, imwe kupenya muenzaniso chokwadi ichi ndicho mberi ndiro rine chokwadi hurumende muchiuto-enyika wezwi nechigumbuso akasika makore mashomanana gare gare. chikwata ichi chaiva NATO.