Kunwa - chii ichi? Zviratidzo uye mabatiro zvirwere

Kunwa - ndiwo yekare zita rizivikanwe pasi pose nokukarudza tiibhii chirwere. Zviri chirwere chirwere anokonzerwa utachiona Mycobacterium tiibhii yakaoma. Kubva pokukundwa tubercle bacilli kakawanda vanotambura kufema hurongwa, asi vasangana mu okurapa uye chorurindi meso, mapfundo mapfupa, peripheral node nodes uye Urinary zvomukati.

nhamba

consumptive chirwere kwakanga kwakapararira munyika Tsarist Russia. Kakawanda maperembudzi akatambudzikira varombo vanhuwo zvavo zuva nezuva pasi zvikuru udzvanyiriri. The unopinza vosimba munyama kubva chirwere ichi kwakaitika muna XVIII-XIX remakore. Achimanyisa kunwa muzana remakore rechi19 rakava ino denda nyika, ayo anoti mamiriyoni evanhu pagore. Nepo ose 7th ugere Europe akafa kubva chirwere ichi.

Pakati pezana remakore rechi20, kuparadzwa yakaramba kupararira yose chirwere. Pari, maererano World Health Organization, nyika kurarama varwere vanenge mamiriyoni 20 vane tibhii, uye vane 7 mamiriyoni vavo chinotapukira chimiro chirwere. Gore negore vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 1 vanofa tibhii, uye vanenge mamiriyoni 3,5 achirwara payo.

A zvishoma nhoroondo

Vanhu vari kure kare aidavira kuti manwiro - iri chinotapuriranwa chirwere, sokutarisira munhu anorwara munguva pfupi nguva vakatanga kumukuvadza. Paiva akasiyana zvekungofungira nezvokuva chirwere ichi, asi vakanga zvose kusina pakwakavakirwa.

Nouchapupu mberi kunzwisisa hunhu hosha yakanga kubudirira muzana remakore rechi19. A rakakura pakuita izvi reDare zvakadai Masayendisiti nomukurumbira sezvo Jean-Antoine Vilma, René-Théophile Lennek uye Robert Koch. Saka, Lennek akasika anatomical-kunotoda nzira, dzinoshandiswa nokugadzirwa chinhu stethoscope. Vilmenu akakundikana kuratidza kuti manwiro kunoitawo kuti vamwe vashingaire. Uye muna 1882, Koch rakawanikwa Mycobacterium tibhii, yainzi pashure pake. Ndokusaka ano monyorora kuparadzwa - ndiko tibhii.

Over 8 makore kuwanikwa bacillus Koch yakawandisa tibhii tsika mu immunology kuedza. Migumisiro vakawana apedza mupiro rakakura kwete chete kurapwa asiwo kudzivirira zvirwere.

Zvakakurukurwa chirwere

The causative nomumiririri tibhii ndiko Mycobacterium tibhii, izvo kwenguva refu (kusvika mwedzi mitanhatu) anogona kuramba chinhanho kwayo uye nokukurumidza kusaurayiwa nemishonga yakasiyana-siyana.

Panobva chirwere vanhu-keriya rinodyiwa. Kazhinji, maperembudzi pachishandiswa kuenda neherikoputa mumate, asi zviri kunge kupinda tiibhii hweHIV kuburikidza ura uye panyaya kushandisa nyama kana mukaka remhuka utachiona.

In munyama apo akagadzirisa utachiona hwakakura kuti aumbe foci pamusoro kuzvimba, izvo vanosangana caseous necrosis uye zvakare zvinonyauka somugumisiro yokuwana kwemabhakitiriya muchetura. Rurefu mwero kutapata nemishonga Data foci anogona calcify. Under vanoshorwa ezvinhu pane kusikwa womunatsi necrosis mhango-mhango.

Kudya: Zviratidzo

Kunwa hwuratidzwe kubudikidza zviratidzo siyana, izvo zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:

• The yakakwirira tembiricha. Fever varwere kazhinji kushivirira zvakarurama nyore uye kazhinji iri anenge asina kunzwa. Kazhinji, masikati tembiricha anoramba kuipa, uye manheru kwenguva pfupi nguva, zviri nemuumbi nokuwedzera 1 kana 2 madhigirii, uye akasvetuka vakadaro kusagadzikana uye zvinogona kuitika kakati pavhiki.
• Kunwisa vangadikitira. Varwere netiibhii pakutanga nzendo chirwere kazhinji chokunyunyuta pamusoro kunyanya vangadikitira pamusoro chipfuva uye musoro. The chiratidzo "nyoro bhegi" kana zvakakomba vangadikitira anogona kuonekwa miliary tibhii, caseous nemabayo , uye mamwe kwazvo mhando tibhii.
• Kupfupika mweya. Mumapapu havagoni kupa muviri pamwe zvakakodzera okisijeni, uye saka kunyange panguva yakaderera kurovedza muviri anooneka dyspnea.
• Chikosoro. Mukutanga nzendo chirwere chikosoro sezvo vakadaro vanogona ndisipo, varwere kashoma Waona achioneka nguva nenguva chikosoro. With kuchiita tibhii iri yakakura uye chikosoro angava zvakunobatsira sezvo (mufushwa) uye zvibereko (pamwe sputum). Dry chikosoro runozivisa chokutanga nguva chirwere, nepo mberi tiibhii iri pamwe sputum kubudikidza vangakosora.
• Hemoptysis. Kazhinji, chiratidzo ichi kuchengetwa cirrhotic, fibrocavernous infiltrative tibhii pakati mumapapu. Kazhinji, hemoptysis ari phased kunze, asi pashure nokubudiswa ropa yakachena zvichiri kurwara kwemazuva akawanda akaramba kukosora rima clots.
• Kurwadziwa muchipfuva. Kakawanda, zviri akacherekedza munguva vangakosora. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti kuwedzera mumapapu kuparadza kwacho uyewo zvakakanganisa pleural machira.

Nguva kutanga zviratidzo

Tiibhii - chirwere iyo kwenguva refu haagoni hakutombonzwiki. Nhengo kupfuura utachiona vanhu anokwanisa kurwa pomutumwa, apo kudzivisa kukura kwayo. Zvisinei, utachiona hakuiti vabve muviri, asi anongoti anoenda kuva akaneta muchimiro. Munhu havazofaniri zviratidzo chirwere Chokwadi, zvinodyiwa arege kuva zvachose. Asi sezvo nokukurumidza rokuzvidzivirira sezvo simba, chirwere chinogona kuva chinoshingaira muchimiro. Panyaya iyi, zviratidzo anogona kuita pacharo akanzwa mwedzi, kunyange kana makore pashure chirwere.

Features kurapwa

Kunwa - chirwere rinoda kunzwisisa kurapwa kusanganisira kushandisa zvinodhaka antibacterial uye vhitamini mishonga. Nokuti kuzoita murwere zvinoda mawa negashiro anoverengeka Anti-TB nevasori, sezvo chete zvinonyatsorehwa mugumisiro zvinodhaka zvakawanda anokwanisa kuparadza Koch bacillus. Huru nzira kurwisa tiibhii inomira polycomponent Anti-TB kurapwa. In akazotevera nzendo chirwere Zvinokurudzirwa kuti tiite kuvhiyiwa - resection pakati njodzi chikamu yemapapu.

Munguva dzazvino zvinodyiwa - chinhu isingarapiki chirwere. The chikuru chinhu pamwe ichi - kuyeuka kuti kwokutanga hosha yakanga dzakaonekwa, nyore zvichaita kuchiparadza.