The Iron Lady of British zvematongerwo enyika, Margaret Thatcher: Biography, ezvematongerwo enyika uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Margaret Thatcher - imwe yakakurumbira enyika yacho XX remakore. basa rake sezvo wehurumende Great Britain akaenda 3 nguva kuti totaled makore 11. Yaiva nguva yakaoma - apo nyika yakanga yakadzika zvoupfumi uye Kunzanga, England akadana "murume vachirwara Europe." Margaret akakwanisa kudzosera unoriumba mukurumbira Albion uye nechokwadi ukuru mauto muchifarira vaiomerera.

"Thatcherism" mune zvematongerwo enyika

Iri izwi rinoreva installation, iyo inozivikanwa Margaret Thatcher muna dzematongerwe, tsika uye zvematongerwo enyika. Avo akanga wehurumende paakanga achiedza kushandisa.

chikuru mamirire ayo anogona kunzi "kodzero kusaruramisira." The wezvematongerwe enyika aiti kuti munhu anogona kuenda chinhu chakanaka, nani pane ine panguva. Thatcher waitsigira vakasununguka zvebhizimisi uye nokutanga kuitira kuti vawane zvikomborero. Zvisinei, panguva iyoyo akanga mhosva "chido mari nokuda mari."

Nokuti "thatcherism" kuenzana - iri chisipo. A kodzero kusaruramisira, uyewo, achisunda munhu kumira, Kusimudzira pachavo uye kunatsiridza upenyu hwavo. Ndokusaka harina mhosva upfumi, asi nekusiyana, akakurudzira vagari vose kuti kuita kuwedzera nayo kuti zvimwe kuwedzera padanho vapenyu.

udiki

Margaret Thatcher (Roberts) akaberekwa muna 1925 musi October 13 muna Granteme, pedyo kuLondon ari kuchamhembe negwara. mhuri yake yaigara nomwero, pasina frills, tinogona kutaura anozviramba mararamiro kuvanhu Western Europe. Imba yakanga isina pombi dzemvura, zvivako, zvakare, vaiva mumugwagwa. Mhuri aiva nevanasikana vaviri Muriel - vakura, uye naMargaret - pasi nokuti 4 years.

The kumativi wedangwe rakanga rakaita mai - Beatrice, gotwe raiva chaiyo kopi baba Alfred vake. Akanga vairatidza kuva chake kufarira, saka kubvira mangwanani mubereki pauduku akatanga baya yake zvose unhu gare gare muupenyu akura rakabatsira zvikuru uye ikava chiratidzo nenguva Rumhangapanga muBritain XX remakore.

Muna 5 Makore, Margaret akatanga kutora piyano zvidzidzo, uye akakunda nhetembo mumakwikwi kunyange pashure 4 years. On awarding mukuru wechikoro Margaret akati kuti akanga rombo kwazvo, kuti icho iye akati: "Hakusi rombo, chiri kubudirira." Kubvira vachiri vaduku akakura nharo, saka aiva zvachose nhengo kirabhu hurukuro uye mibvunzo yakamutswa mumakore mutoro mhinduro izere zvahunoreva mangwanani, kusiyana vezera ravo, "kudimburira" mamwe anongodzokororwa zvisina kufanira.

Baba - rakanakira Margaret

Alfred aiva zvepuraimari, asi zvakasiyana nyota ruzivo idzva somugumisiro haana kupedza zuva pasina kuverenga. unhu uhwu iye vakaroverera uye mwanasikana wake. Pamwe chete vakaenda kuraibhurari uye atore vhiki mabhuku maviri nechinangwa rave kuaverenga.

Kuti baba akatomutsawo Margaret unhu duku kuti kusiyana zvose. Akadzidzisa kuti munhu anofanira "kutungamirira" uye varege "akadzingwa". Nokuti ichi zvakanga zvakakodzera kushanda zuva nezuva, achifunga nezveremangwana uye pamusoro nechinzvimbo chavo munzanga. Alfred akadzokorora nguva zhinji; hakusi zvakakodzera kuita nekuti izvi zvinoitwa nevamwe.

Baba rakanakira wake, Margaret muduku aifunga aiziva zvose. A maitiro kuchiitwa zvakanga nenyota ruzivo. Aiva nenyota ruzivo ruzivo itsva. Margaret uye baba vake vakaenda bhodhi musangano, kuwana kufarira zvematongerwo enyika, theatricality uye achitsetsenura. Zvino iye wakange ane makore 10 okuberekwa.

Margaret Thatcher akarangarira kwemakore anouya kutungamirirwa baba vake, uye akaenda navo kuburikidza upenyu. Ndiye vachiuisa mucheche nheyo kuti nhasi nyika yose anodana "thatcherism" capacious izwi.

Round dzidzo Thatcher

Pataikura, Margaret akaramba sezvinongoita kuchinja sapamazuva muduku. Chikonzero ichi vaiva maonero upenyu baba wake waaida. Aiva mumiriri Protestantism zvose kwakatevedzana nemigumisiro, kunze ari muzvinabhizimisi, mumwe mutengesi. Aisambonditenda akaenda chero vachitamba kana maonero mafirimu, asi nokukurumidza akatanga kushanda panguva mhuri kuchitoro wemari Roberts, kwaakabereka vakajairana zvinokosha zvebhizimisi uye zvisingabatsiri.

Panguva iyoyo yava dzakaratidza kuzvipira - 4 Makore vakadzidza Latin, nokuti kubvuma kuti zvikuru nomukurumbira vakadzi kukoreji Oxford - Somerville. muvakidzani wake mumba vakayeuka kuti Margaret akasimuka kana kuchakasviba uye kuedza kudzidza chimwe chinhu. Kosi yechipiri yakanga yakaoma; iye kudanana nomwanakomana kuverenga, asi mai vake utsinye vakaramba Man, achiti kuti mwanasikana mutengesi kungoti kumirisana mwanakomana wake.

Chinzvimbo musikana zvakawanda uye anoziva kuti mweya wake kuhwinha itsika zvakawanda. Margaret Thatcher akanga achishingaira muzvirongwa zvematongerwe gakava uye mumakore akabatana Association of kuzvikudza, uye akava purezidhendi wayo wokutanga, mumwe mukadzi muna 1946.

Muna 1947, iye apedza dzidzo pa Oxford kukoreji pamwe tsvimborume kuti dhigirii awarding kemisitiri. Pakarepo akawana basa mutsvakurudzi-mutsvakurudzi celluloid mapurasitiki muna Menningtone.

Muna 1953, akatambira mutemo dhigirii uye akatevera 5 makore, nyanzvi mune tsika, wakati akashanda gweta. Papera chinguva akava nyanzvi mune mitero, wakati vakadzidza bhizimisi iri zvakakwana.

Saka, paumbwe ramangwana nomutemo zvakazoonekwa zvikuru-chinja: zvaaiziva zvinokosha kuvaka bhizimisi, aiva tenzi mashoko pamusoro mitemo uye mitero, mukuwedzera, vari ainyatsoziva zvesayenzi muitiro, uye Chikurukuru, ari kuchinja zvinhu Margaret Thatcher akaramba kunyange mumazuva iwayo, kana kuchine kure kubva pambiru wehurumende.

political debut

Oddly zvakakwana, asi pashure kuguma chikoro, Margaret aiziva apo kuramba zvidzidzo zvavo - muna Oxford. Sei ipapo? Nokuti chikoro ichi vakadzidza zvose ramangwana UK vashumiri. Ikoko, haana kurasa nguva maturo, kubatana KAOU - weConservative Association pa Oxford University. Kubvira ipapo yakatanga pamukwidzwa zvayo enyika Olympus.

Kunyange ipapo aiva nechido vazotsvaga wemunda-mumiririri muviri, asi kuita izvozvo zvakanga kutanga zvakakodzera kuva mutungamiri KAOU. Uye Thatcher akava navo 1946. chinzvimbo ichi wava chaizvo nguva yakawanda, iye akavata kwemaawa 3-4 pazuva. Nhambo akauya apo aifanira kusarudza pakati zvematongerwo enyika uye dzidzo - akasarudza okutanga. Saka, hazvishamisi kuti Margaret Thatcher, aimbova mudzidzi uye mudzidzi wakanaka, chitupa se "dzinogutsa", uye tsvimborume kuti dhigirii, akanga paakavapa ari 2nd kirasi.

Denis Thatcher - mutungamiriri zvematongerwe

Muna 1948, Margaret kwakaita candidacy akabvumirwa kuita sarudzo dzeparamende, zvisinei, reLabour Party, kuti ave nhoroondo nezvaiva Mumwoyo Mangu. To. Guta muindasitiri. Naizvozvo sarudzo yake yokutanga nayo akarasika asi akatonyanya rakafuridzirwa mukadzi musoro basa.

Panguva iyoyowo, akasangana Denis Thatcher (zvinoitirwa zita wake anozikamwa rose). Muna 1951, iye akataura naye. Murume akanga ana makore 33 okuberekwa, uye akanga vachitova mukuru kwaari. Denis aiva muzvinabhizimisi, uye saka aigona kupa mudzimai wechiduku zvose zvamunoda. Zvino aigona akazvipira zvakakwana enyika, uye kuchinja Margaret Tetcher (UK ivo zvakaipa chinodiwa panguva) aiva nepamuviri kwenguva refu.

1953 vakava kwake "chena" upenyu hupfupi. The Vaviri Thatcher akabereka mapatya, uye mwedzi mina pashure, Margaret vakapfuura yokupedzisira bvunzo uye akava gweta. Kushandisa tsika akasarudza mutero bhora, wakati vakadzidza kwazvo, kuti mutemo inobatsira chaizvo mune ramangwana.

Nokupfupikisa musoro zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti Dennis akabatanidzwa guru basa enyika kukura Margaret. Zvakange pashure muchato, iye aigona zvachose wobva ake kufarira basa - zvematongerwo enyika.

Road kuna Parliament

Pakunopera kwema1950 Margaret hutsva simba akatanga kushandira sarudzo dzeparamende. Chinonetsa chinhu chaiva kuwana County, izvo zvinogona ikafanana mumiriri. Akatanga pamwe Kent, asi akanga ari wechipiri kuti akafumbira inoenda reParamende. Mune imwe woruwa chete County mamiriro saizvozvo. Panguva iyoyo vari Finchley kukundikana yakaitika musarudzo kumhanya kuti paramende. Basa ratanga! Vakwikwidzi panzvimbo iyi kwakanga vanhu 200. kunyora makwikwi, izvo zvakazoita 22 vechikamu dzaisarudzwa chaiitirwa. Zvino akabata hurukuro nemumuromo, pashure izvo mune 4 chete musarudzo, pakati pavo pakange Margaret Thatcher. Iye akasarudzwa sezvo anoda kubhabhatidzwa wacho woruwa, izvo zvaireva sarudzo kuti yayo chaiko kuna reParamende.

Muna 1959, iye akasvika Paramende yeBritain - nzira enyika wakavhurwa. Kuti nguva yakanga vanoshorwa zvikuru kuzvikudza akatanga kunzwisisa ari upfumi, Prime Minister Macmillan akarwara uye basa. A sarudzo muna 1964 dzeparamende, "agere" pamusoro pabhenji weConservative kupikiswa. Asi iye wakange Margaret mugore iroro akagadzwa Shadow rezvekushanda Housing.

mutungamiri pati

Makore 70 zvakaomera upfumi uye dzomunyika ezvinhu muUK. Munguva yepashure pehondo nyika yakatanga shure kwaro kukura uye haina zvaisanganisira kunyange pamusoro vatungamiri gumi, kunyange kwagara nechemberi.

Muna 1974, mumwe mubvunzo akamutswa pamusoro kusarudza musoro kuzvikudza. Margaret Thatcher akaisa mberi candidacy kwayo kuva muvengi kuti mamiriro mutungamiri E. Heath. Elections vamusiya mu nehana: 276 - 130 mavhoti vakakandirwa vachida Thatcher uye chete 19 nokuda Heath, achibva akarega candidacy ake. Asi pachinzvimbo Margaret akanga vorongerwa itsva. The zvakakura iyo yaiva Whitelaw. Rwakapoteredza nesarudzo pamusoro 02.11.1975 izvo zvairatidza imwe undoubted zvinobatsira Thatcher yakaitwa rechipiri, nekuti akavhotera 146 akasarudzwa vamiririri, Whitelaw yakagamuchirawo 79 mavhoti.

Yaiva nguva yakaoma kwazvo vaiomerera, ivo kaviri vakakundwa sarudzo dzeparamende, nhamba nhengo yebato akadonha hasha, akauya dambudziko bato. Zvaiva pachena: bato aida "ropa itsva." Uye Thatcher somunhu, kutsungirira ichi basa rakaoma.

The Iron Lady Margaret Tetcher British maitiro

Iye pakutanga akava mutungamiriri wehurumende muna 1979. Avo vaiva zvisarudzo zvakaoma, kugumisa kwavo chaizvo hapana aiva nechokwadi kukunda pakati kuzvikudza, asi kuguma vekare vakaratidza kuti 339 pakati zvigaro 635 mu Paramende vanotumirwa kune kuzvikudza. Margaret aiziva kuti akanga ava kukwanisa kuona pfungwa vakarangana mumusoro make kwerinopfuura gore. In upenyu enyika yose Great Britain akapinda kwenguva itsva.

Period sezvo wehurumende Margaret Thatcher akanga akaoma kwazvo: wakabvira zveupfumi uye Kunzanga munyika. UK mugove maindasitiri munyika upfumi nyika vakawiswa kota sezvo Second World War. Enterprises akatambura kurasikirwa, akaderedza zvikuru muhoro. Uye Entrepreneurs vakamanikidzwa kuderedza risanyatsobuda kuitira kuderedza mari. The zvoupfumi vakatotanga kutanga kupinda enyika, kuwedzera nyika kubva mukati.

Nemitsipa ruoko uye kuti anomanikidza hurumende Margaret Thatcher vakabatsira UK uye vakakomberedza British vanhu kuwana zvakabikwa kukunda uye kudzosa mamiriro.

Margaret aigara zvakarurama uye mukubata nenyaya zvese. Iye nehasha akarwa kutengeserana mibatanidzwa, "whiners" uye tupukanana. Vazhinji chete akasundudzira Rigidity kwayo, asi vachiri voruzhinji akamutevera nekuda ichi kutsunga chete mune matambudziko. Saka, hazvina rave kaviri kuzodzosera akasarudzirwa pambiru wehurumende.

Hapana chikuru vashumiri XX remakore haana kugara this post kwenguva refu. Zvazova chiratidzo ane nguva kumutsidzirwa Great Britain, pachivako achidzora munyika.

Reform pazvinangwa Thatcher

Margaret pachake haana kudana ini mukadzi - iye aiti: Ini ndiri wezvematongerwe enyika, uye enyika haana chechikadzi. Akandiitira ushingi munzvimbo haina vanhu zvakakwana.

Ndipo apo chakakonzerwa kukonana iri Falklands pamwe Argentina. The United Kingdom uye zvakananga Thatcher vakaratidza kutsunga kwavo panhau iyi nokusuma mauto ikoko, mushure izvo Argentine mauto vaimanikidzwa kusiya chitsuwa. hondo duku iyi, aiva mumwe kukunda enyika yacho Iron Lady. Zviya, iye akapiwa zita remadunhurirwa rokuti yeRussian chaizvo. In ake nyika pachake vasingachinji hunhu anonzi Margaret kure zvishoma zvokudetemba Somuenzaniso, "Ram" kana "warrior tangi".

Zvinofadza kuti apo Thatcher aiva Britain rapprochement pamwe Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev nomudzimai wake akanga achishanyira nehurumende muLondon. Margaret akadana ishamwari yake Soviet kuti 'ano musana "muzvinhu zvakawanda, vakanga vari kubvumirana, kunyange zvazvo pakanga kusiyana.

The zvokuchinja hwakaitwa neDare Iron Lady, akabika pasi huru zvinodavirwa muchitendero matatu:

• zvinoderedza mutero zvebhizimisi makuru;
• ari privatization zviri pachena kwemauto zvoupfumi zvivako;
• chinokosha zvinoderedza mubayiro bhiri.

Yokupedzisira, Chokwadi, yaisafarirwa chaizvo noruzhinji rwevanhu, asi akabatanidzwa zvakanaka basa upfumi dzaisvava.

Zvinokoshawo mumakore iwayo dambudziko Ulster. Margaret Thatcher akaratidza zvakadzama enyika uchenjeri, runyararo, asi panguva imwe chete kunoshamisa kutsunga. Iye aida kupa Ulster (Northern Ireland) rusununguko kubva kuEngland, kana kunhaka pakati nemareferenda dzinoratidza kuti vakawanda vemo kuti kuvhota chisarudzo ichi. Zvisinei chokwadi ichi chakanga chisiri: Pamusana Ulster riri pasi aegis of Zimbabwe nhasi. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Ira (Irish Republican Army) kunyange akaronga kurwiswa wehurumende kuburikidza kuputika bhomba, asi Margaret haana kukuvaradzwa, kusafanana nedzimwe vatungamiriri venyika weConservative Party.

Premier Care

Muna 1990, Margaret Thatcher basa. Zvisinei, izvozvo yapfuura ichikosha yose. Iron Lady akakwanisa kudzokera kuUnited Kingdom vaimbova simba rayo uye uchenjeri, achidzoka payo kamwe zvakare mumwe vatungamiriri upfumi hwenyika uye zvematongerwo enyika. Izvi chikwereti achagara nokusingaperi kuyeuka British vanhu, uye zita Margaret Thatcher nokusingaperi rabva munhoroondo enyika ari UK. April 8th, 2013 Iron Lady aenda. Vakawanda vanonetseka: Thatcher sei vakwegura? Margaret akararama refu, dzinonakidza upenyu, richisvika nemakore 87. Chisarai Mudungwe rakaitirwa pamberi Queen Elizabeth II, nhengo dzemhuri yake, uyewo nhamba imwe zvekare munguva enyika.