The simba huri muura enyika. Geothermal simba iri nyika

With kukura kwenzanga uye paumbwe vanhu vakatanga kutarisa zvikuru ano uye panguva imwe chete mutengo-nzira inobudirira chokuwana simba. Kuita nhasi ichi dzinovakwa pazviteshi zvakasiyana, asi panguva imwe chete nevakawanda kushandiswa simba huri muura enyika. Zvazviri? Edza kunzwisisa.

geothermal simba

Nechekare kubva zita zviri pachena kuti iri kupisa subsurface. Pasi goko ndiyo magma rukoko kuva rimi-mvura silicate uchanyangadika. Maererano zvidzidzo, simba zvinogona kupisa simba iri yepamusoro zvikuru reserves munyika negasi uye peturu. Magma anouya pamusoro - nemabota. Uye mukuru webasa ari kuchengetwa mune akaturikidzana dzenyika, ndiyo miganhu tectonic ndiro, uyewo apo goko kunoratidzwa nemano. Geothermal simba panyika inotengwa sezvinotevera: Lava uye mvura pfuma yepasi vari kubatana, zvokuti mvura inotanga vakuchidzire zvinoshamisa. Izvi zvinotungamirira kuputika imwe giza, paumbwe dzinonzi inopisa madhamu uye pasi pemvura dzenzvimbo. Ndizvo chaizvo ari mananara zvakasikwa, ari ehupfumi iyo dzinoshandiswa nevakawanda sechinhu hariperi rine simba.

Chakagadzirwa geothermal matura

The simba iri pasi, kuti kushandiswa nokuchenjera. Somuenzaniso, pane pfungwa pakusika pachivande boilers. Kuti aite izvi, unofanira vanochera matsime maviri kudzika yakakwana kuti kwakabatana nechepasi. Kureva, zvinoitika kuti anenge ose enyika yacho inogona kuwanikwa geothermal simba maindasitiri nzira: kuburikidza imwe zvakanaka zvichange pumped mvura inotonhora kupinda dura, uye wechipiri - kuzovazve mvura inopisa kana chiutsi. Chakagadzirwa kupisa mabhuku hazvibatsiri uye zvakaringana, kana zvichiita kupisa ichabereka nesimba rakawanda. The chiutsi inogona kuendeswa turbine emagetsi, izvo zvichaita kubudiswa magetsi.

Chokwadi, akasarudza kupisa - chiri chikamu chii pane zvakafanana pamatanda. Asi tinofanira kurangarira kuti yakadzika kupisa chichange nguva achiudza somugumisiro kwemasayendisiti ose radioactive kuora, compression nematombo, zvicherwa tutira. Senyanzvi vanoti, goko rinoungana kupisa, yaipedzerwa 5000 kakapetwa calorific kukosha Zvisaririra ura enyika yose. Zvakaratidza kuti panguva nokushanda vakadaro artificially akasika geothermal dzemapurisa kungava risingagumi.

Features matura

Sources, inopa geothermal simba kwakaoma zvisingaiti kuti zvakazara kushandiswa. Ivo kuripo munyika dzinopfuura 60 pasi pose, navazhinji pano anoputika pamusoro munharaunda Ring of Fire. Asi tsika zvinoitika kuti geothermal manyuko dzakasiyana kumatunhu nenyika dziri kwakasiyana ehupfumi dzavo, kureva, paavhareji tembiricha, salinity, gasi akafanana, acidity uye zvichingodaro.

Geysers - manyuko simba munyika, iyo inobudisa pakuti vari vamwe zvikamu rusingadzorwi, tichingorutsa kufashaira mvura. Mushure kuputika, dziva inova vakasununguka kubva mumvura, nechepasi uchaona gwara, wokugwenga zvakadzika muvhu. Geysers sezvo simba akashandiswa munyika dzakadai Kamchatka, Iceland, New Zealand uye North America, uye chete geysers vari rinowanikwawo dzimwe nzvimbo.

Papi simba anobva?

Zvikuru pedyo pamusoro achiri kupisa kubva yapfuura magma. Kubva ichi kumira magasi uye chiutsi izvo simbisai uye kuwedzera mitswe. Kushamwaridzana nevanhu pasi, vanovakonzera kudziyisa yavo, vobva mumvura inopisa umo zvinhu zvakawanda zviri chikaparara. mvura iyi anosunungurwa pemvura iri muchimiro siyana geothermal manyuko, zvitubu zvemvura inopisa, chicherwa manyuko, geysers uye zvichingodaro. Maererano masayendisiti, inopisa ura enyika - mubako kana kamera hwakabatana passageways, makatsemuka uye migero. Vanongouya nekuzadzisa pasi, uye pedyo chaizvo navo dziri muhomwe magma. Saka sezvingatarisirwa kuumbwa chafariz simba uye nenyika.

The yemagetsi munda Nyika

Pane zvakasikwa chimwe nzira simba tsime, iro kunoratidzwa kuenderera, kwezvakatipoteredza ushamwari, nyore. Zvisinei, kusvikira zvino bhuku iyi chete kuiswa kudzidzwa uye kushandiswa tsika. Saka, zvinogona simba Nyika chakafukidzwa kwaro yemagetsi mumunda. Kugamuchira simba nenzira iyi zvinokwanisika pahwaro nokudzidza mitemo inokosha electrostatics uye zvaidiwa yemagetsi munda Earth. Kutaura zvazviri, nyika yedu kubva pfungwa nemaonero yemagetsi - a idenderedzwa capacitor akapiwa kuti 300 000 volts. bhora ake rwomukati ane kunaka nokuchengeta, uye kuchivanze - ari ionosphere - yakanaka. The Earth muchadenga chiri insulator. Kuburikidza nahwo, pane kugara kuti Ion uye convection dzenzvimbo kuti asvike simba zviuru zvakawanda amperes. Zvisinei, zvinogona kusiyana electrodes haina ipfupi.

Panoti kuti zvakasikwa pane jenareta vane basa iri ichi- marambi ari leakage ari kupomerwa kubva capacitor pamahwendefa. In basa remagetsi kudaro uye mabasa sezvo Wepasi remagineti, kutenderera pamwe nyika yedu iri mhepo chekubuda kwezuva. simba rinobva minda pasi Rinogona kuwanikwa chete kuburikidza unobva jenareta kuti simba mutengi. Kuti aite izvi, unofanira kuita kugadzwa yakavimbika pavhu.

renewable

Sezvo vanhu redu kwave kuchiita kuwedzera, tinofanira kuwedzera simba kupa vanhu. The simba iri pasi, anogona kuva akasiyana zvikuru. Somuenzaniso, kune renewable simba manyuko: mhepo, kwezuva uye mvura. Vari mukudyidzana nezvimwe zvisikwa dzakachena, asi nokuti inogona kushandiswa pasina kutya kukuvadzwa kwezvakatipoteredza.

The simba mvura

Nzira iyi rakashandiswa kwemazana emakore akawanda. Nhasi, izvozvo akavaka akawandisa madhamu uye reservoirs umo mvura inoshandiswa vaunze magetsi. Musimboti mashandiro ichi chiito iri nyore: pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu rwizi kutenderera turbine mavhiri, ukuwo, nesimba mvura dzikwanise nemagetsi.

Nhasi, kune vazhinji hydropower, izvo exchange mvura iyerere ichipinda yemagetsi simba. The Zvinoitwa nzira iyi kuti simba zvinhu vari kutsva, ukuwo, zvivako vakadaro vane mari shoma. Ndokusaka, pasinei nokuti pakuvaka HPP chiri kuitwa kwenguva refu, uye muitiro pachayo anokosha chaizvo, asi zvivako izvi zvikuru outperform simba zvirimwa.

Solar simba: ano uye yemhando

Solar simba iri zvinoberekwa rezuva ukomba, asi ano inokwanisa kushandisa nzira itsva kuita izvi. Nyika guru rezuva simba chirimwa ndiyo hurongwa yakavakwa muna California murenje. It zvakazara remhosva simba mudzimba 2000. The kuvakwa ukashanda sezvinotevera: kubva nezvionioni inoratidza chezuva, yakatumwa nezvebasa bhaira nemvura. It mamota uye mudzoke kunyika chiutsi kuti chinoita turbine. Iyewo, zvakabatana ane remagetsi. Wind rinogona kushandiswa sezvo simba, iyo zvinotipa nyika. Mhepo yaivhuvhuta vakasimudza seiri rotates chigayo. Zvino unogona kushandiswa pave zano kuti achaita vaunze magetsi. Rotating mhepo turbine chipande, izvozvo inobudisa turbine mugodhi, izvo zvinozoita dzinoenderana ane remagetsi.

The womukati simba Nyika

Iye wakaonekwa somugumisiro pezvakaitwa anoverengeka, inokosha iyo - uye accretion kuti radioactivity. Maererano masayendisiti, paumbwe Pasi yaro guru raiva miriyoni mashoma makore, uye zvakaitika zvakafanira kuti paumbwe planetesimals. Akanamatirana pamwe chete, ukuwo, akakura yakakura guru Nyika. Tapedza nyika yakatanga kuva zvizhinji ano, asi kwakanga kusina mhepo, pachena naro akawira meteor uye asteroid miviri. Izvi anongotaurwa inonzi accretion, uye zvakaita kuti chokwadi kuti emit chinokosha rinokweva simba. Uye guru kukura kwomuviri dzakawira panyika, zvikuru uwandu simba asunungurwa, huri mudumbu Earth.

Izvi Kusiyanisa rinokweva zvakakonzera chokwadi chokuti zvinhu zviri stratified: rinorema zvinhu nyore akanyudza, uye aiyangarara chiedza uye kugadzikana. Kusiyanisa uyewo rinoitei pamusoro mamwe hurumende ichiisa rinokweva simba.

renyukireya

Achishandisa simba renyika kunogona kuitika nenzira dzakasiyana. Somuenzaniso, pakuvaka renyukireya simba miti uko chafariz simba aburitswa kuora worudzi ruduku tudonhwe nyaya maatomu. The chikuru mafuta iri uranium exchange, riri huri pasi goko. Vazhinji vanodavira kuti nzira iyi simba ndiyo ndiyo, asi kushandiswa kwayo inobatanidzwa wandei matambudziko. Chekutanga, uranium exchange mwaranzi inouraya zvose zvipenyu. Uyezve, kana pafuma anopinda ivhu kana mhepo, pane chaiyo njodzi nevanhu. Migumisiro inosuruvarisa ari paChernobyl njodzi tinowana chipo zuva. Ngozi yacho iri pakuti mwaranzi anogona kukanganisa zvose zvipenyu zvose zviri kwazvo refu nguva, kwezviuru zvemakore.

nguva New - pfungwa itsva

Chokwadi, vanhu havana kugumira ipapo, uye ose gore kuwedzera kuedza kuwana nzira itsva kuti vaunze simba. Kana simba kupisa enyika inotengwa nyore, dzimwe nzira dziri nyore. Somuenzaniso, sezvo ane simba rine zvingabudirira kushandiswa biogas, izvo yaunganidzwa tsvina putrefaction. Inogona kushandiswa kudziyisa dzimba uye mvura kudziyisa.

Kuwedzera, naTidhari simba dzemapurisa dziri kuvakwa, kana ndakagadza madhamu uye turbines mhiri muromo kwemiviri mvura, izvo zviri rinosundwa masaisai uye ukuwo, kugamuchira magetsi.

Kwerusenzi marara, tinowana simba

Imwe nzira, iyo kare kushandiswa Japan - ndiko kusikwa incinerators. Nhasi vari akavakwa England, Italy, Denmark, Germany, France, Netherlands uye United States, asi chete muJapan, mabhizimisi izvi dzinoshandiswa kwete chete kuti chinangwa chahwo, asi kuti vaunze magetsi. mafekitari Local vakapisa 2/3 kurenje, uye mafekitari takashongedzerwa pamwe chiutsi turbines. Nokudaro, ivo kupa kupisa uye magetsi kune nzvimbo dzakapoteredza. Panguva iyoyo mutengo kuvakira zvebhizimisi yakadaro zvikuru zvisingabatsiri pane kuvaka chafariz simba chirimwa.

Inotarisira zvakawanda vanonyengera tarisiro kushandisa kupisa Pasi, apo anoputika vari dzichiitika. Muchiitiko chino, hapana chikonzero vanochera pasi chaizvo, nokuti kunyange panguva kudzika 300-500 metres tembiricha iri pamusoro kubika pfungwa mvura kanenge kaviri.

Panewo nzira kubudisa magetsi sezvo rehydrogen simba. Rehydrogen - nyore uye lightest kwemakemikari chaikosha - unogona kunzi akakodzera mafuta nokuti ipapo pane mvura. Kana rehydrogen watsva, zvinokwanisika kuti vawane mvura iyo uchiora kupinda okisijeni uye rehydrogen. Rehydrogen Murazvo hakukuvadzi, kureva kukuvadzwa kwezvakatipoteredza haangavi ingashandiswa. The Zvinoitwa maatomu akafanana izvi kuti ane mukuru calorific ukoshi.

Chii chiri mberi?

Chokwadi, simba simba remagineti the Earth, kana kuti izvo anogadzirwa simba renyukireya miti, hadzikwanisi kusangana zvose zvinodiwa vanhu, izvo kukura gore negore. Zvisinei, vanamazvikokota vanoti hapana chikonzero nemanzwiro sezvo huni pfuma yepasi achine zvakakwana. The zvakawanda kuti rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya zvinyorwa itsva dzakachena uye renewable.

Pane zvasarira dambudziko kushatiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye chiri kukura zvinoshamisa kutsanya. Huwandu zvinokuvadza choutsi mabhanzi, ukuwo, mhepo yatinofema zvinokuvadza, mvura ndiyo ngozi netsvina, uye ivhu riri zvishoma kwezvinoshandiswa. Ndokusaka zviri zvikuru munguva yakafanira kudzidza Fani iyi, simba Mupasi kutsvaka nzira yokuderedza kudiwa Tourism uye kushandisa dzimwe simba zvinyorwa.