Hodegetria - chii here? Icon "Hodegetria"

Nyaya ino ichakurukura: "Hodegetria - chii?" Uyezve, kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro kwakatangira icon, uyewo kuti kare chifananidzo, inova kunozivikanwa. Funga raivapo mifananidzo uye mazita kubva mufananidzo yepakutanga.

Hodegetria - chii here?

Vasvika saizvozvi? Maererano nengano kwakanyorwa pakutanga yakanyorwa nomuapostora Luke, panguva upenyu Mhandara. Chifananidzo ichi, akazozivikanwa sezvinoita Hodegetria, muzana remakore rechishanu, akatumirwa Constantinople. Kwenguva refu ndaiva Odegon wemamongi. Vamwe vaongorori vanodavira kuti ichi chaiva mazita Icon kuna Blachernae. Mumufananidzo wokutanga inochengeterwa, uye chikamu chiduku jasi Mhandara.

Kusvika panguva Tretyakov maberere ine mumwe mukuru mifananidzo yakadai, zvakasara akafanana zvakanga zvisati. Icon ichi iri akabva muPskov uye yakatanga kusvika XIII remakore magumo. Kare, akanga mukereke St. Nicholas kubva matehwe.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zita mufananidzo uyu yayo nengano. Maererano naye Amai Mwari akazviratidza pamberi mapofu maviri uye zvimwe zvakatooma kutsanangura akadziisa mutemberi Blachernae. Wakaiswako vanorwara chete zita kuvake, uye vakaona chiedza. Kubvira ipapo, nenzira iyi uye ainzi "Hodegetria", iro rinoshandurudza kubva muchiGiriki se "putevoditelnitsa".

Maererano neimwe ngano, icon akava chikomborero kumuchato Anne, uyo aiva mwanasikana wechiGiriki pamambo Constantine Porfirorodnogo. Pashure pokufamba rwendo rurefu kuenda Russia, uye anowanikwa zita rayo.

"Hodegetria" muRussia

On munharaunda ino Russian kuvake vakawira kumwe pakati XI remakore. Akaunza Princess Anne, iyo pashure kwekanguva akava mudzimai Vsevolod Yaroslavich pamusoro Chernigov. mufananidzo uyu aimbova zvinoshamisa uye neushamwari kunamata kwevaKristu. Pashure pechinguvana "Odigitria" mufananidzo Amai vaMwari, akazozivikanwa Smolensk.

The akagadzirwa mazita vane mifananidzo iyi nokukurumidza rakapararira Russia. Chokwadi, mufananidzo kwave kuchiita zvimwe kuchinja kubvira kuzviomesera iconographic chinyorwa ichi mhando Amai Mwari haana, uye hapana kwakauraya chaiyo kopi dzinoyera. Zvisinei, zvakafanana zvinhu mifananidzo vakachengetedzwa.

Zvikuru kushanda kuna Amai yaMwari Russia

Saka, icon "Hodegetria" mu Russia kwakakurumbira chaizvo uye inoremekedzwa zvikuru. Uchapupu uhwu ndiwo mazita mufananidzo yokutanga, iyo kutengeswa yekare akawanda. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kuMhandara akanaka kuvanhu vaigara munzvimbo iyi, sezvo munzvimbo zhinji zviri vaiona anorichengeta uye murevereri.

Kakawanda munamato vepachokwadi anoponesa murume chero dambudziko kana dambudziko. On ichi, pane zvakawanda uchapupu zvose kare uye nhasi.

Iconography mufananidzo

Icon "Hodegetria" - chifananidzo chaiye Our Lady. MuchiGiriki, Sezvambotaurwa, zvinokosha "putevoditelnitsa". Icon ane yaikosha vaKristu. Nenzira iyi kakawanda anofananidzirwa neMhandara Mariya Child. Her ruoko - munwe achinongedzera kuMwanakomana (riri pamberi muchipfuva), uyewo ruponeso vanhu vose. Pfungwa iyi inokosha zvikuru. Kuruboshwe pagere mwana pachake. ruoko rwake rworuboshwe inogarwa mumupumburu harikunguruswi, uye zvakarurama ruoko unomutswa chiratidzo chokunyengetera. chikomborero. makumbo Baby kana vayambuka kana akaronga zvakananga. Yemanyorero Mwanakomana ichifananidzwa frontally, asi dzimwe nguva kunogona hafu-akatendeuka uye wakavhomorwa. Chero zvazvingava chiratidzo chokunyengetera. chikomborero anodzokororwa. dzimwe nguva Virgin anoratidzwa pachigaro choushe, dzimwe nguva yakazara urefu kana muchiuno-zvakadzama.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mufananidzo uyu yave kuzivikanwa kwenguva refu, kunyange pamberi VI remakore, muParestina uye neIjipiti. Pashure paizvozvo zvakanga kwakapararira yose Orthodox East. Muzana III remakore pane zvouMwari kududzirwa mufananidzo, kureva kududzirwa nguva zimukadzimu kubva Mhandara. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zviri kubva pachiitiko ichi pane itsva, kuti vane ukama Amai vaMwari zvakananga. Izvi "Kupisa Bush" uye "rusvingo inviolable", uye vamwe vakawanda.

Smolensk Icon - inonyanya kufarirwa hworudzi urwu

Icon "Hodegetria Smolenskaya" anonzi zvikabva kwemifananidzo zvose izvi muRussia. Nhoroondo yaro odzokera emakore, asi zviri dzinoreva ngano vakanga takabva nomuromo. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti ndiwo mazita rimwe kuzvidhori vokutanga, dzakapendwa nomuapostora Luke. To Russia Zve, sezvo zvakanyorwa pamusoro, mwanasikana Constantine.

Kamwe akafa Prince Vsevolod Yaroslavovich wake, Anna, icon akanga nhaka nomwanakomana wavo - Vladimir Monomakh. Akatambudzwa zvishamiso mufananidzo Smolensk akaiisa mukereke nokufungidzira Musikana. Kubvira ipapo, uye akava mufananidzo Smolensk.

By uwandu vakaita zvishamiso iye ari mumwe rokutanga nzvimbo vamwe vakaita kwaari. Ndiyo "Amai vaMwari Smolensk Hodegetria" muna 1239 raiva muponesi uye mudziviriri wokuRussia nyika nechisimba varwi Batu Khan.

Pakutanga mashoko XV remakore kuvake rakanyonganiswa kuMoscow uye akaisa muna Kremlin Cathedral of Annunciation. Papera kanguva, yakadzoka zvakare kumusha kwake Smolensk. Pashure paizvozvo, mufananidzo achiri akaita yakawanda pakufamba uye akatama, kunyanya panguva hondo dzokukunda chiito, asi nguva dzose vadzokera kunyika yokumusha kwavo. Zvinosuruvarisa, pashure zviitiko Hondo Yenyika II, mufananidzo zvaitika harizivikanwi.

Nokufamba kwenguva yake kuvake ichi zvichinzi vazhinji mazita kuti rakapararira Russia. In Smolensk, pamusoro nzvimbo rekare kuvake zvakasiyana zvino, iro anewo zvinoshamisa ehupfumi. It anonzi chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha tutemberi yeRussian nyika.

Tikhvin kuvake

On a ndima chete Smolensk nzira kukudza uye "Hodegetria pamusoro Tikhvin". Our Lady ane chete nhoroondo refu, umo makanga zvinoshamisa nguva. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti mufananidzo anyangarika Constantinople pashure hwakundwa, uye pashure penguva yakati chakaonekwa Russia pedyo Tikhvin.

Maererano nengano, tateguru weConstantinople pachake akati kuti ichi ndicho icon, izvo kamwe waiva Blachernae muchechi. The Tikhvin wemamongi mufananidzo racho re zvakafanana sezvo chepakutanga mukereke Constantinople. Ikoko akanga akaramba kusvikira dzemamongi uye machechi haana vakatanga kuvhara munyika (kweSoviet).

Mumakore Soviet icon yaiva America, uye muna 2004 kuRussia, apo akatanga anosikwa Tikhvin wemamongi.

Kazan kuvake

Chimwe yakakurumbira "Virgin Hodegetria" muna Kazan. Icon Izvi zvakakwanisika muna 1579 muKazan, pashure paiva moto zvinotyisa mariri, idzo dzakaparadzwa rinenge rose kugarwa. Mufananidzo Amai Mwari wakaratidzwa kuti kasikana, akachera mufananidzo kubva madota.

Kuwanikwa zvinoshamisa mufananidzo pashure zvinotyisa nenjodzi zvose kwazvo. Vanhu vazhinji panguva iyoyo vakanga kukotamira kwaari, iye akapa tariro yoruponeso (pashure mberi chando, uye vanhu vazhinji vakanga mumugwagwa, vasina misha, uye chero pfuma).

Zvadaro, panguva behest Ivana Groznogo yakavakwa Kazan Cathedral, uye tevere rakavakwa chechechi. Miracles zvakatanga kuitika pedyo icon pakarepo mushure kutora (njere maviri bofu).

Pari, icon chepakutanga hakuwaniki, dzimwe nguva chakarasika. Zvisinei, vakawanda mazita kwayo parinhasi, ndiyo inozivikanwa zvishamiso ayo.

Other anozivikanwa mifananidzo iri mhando

Icon "Hodegetria pamusoro Smolensk" Chokwadi, zvikuru nomukurumbira pakati nevamwe kwakadai. Zvisinei, kune vamwe vazhinji, kufanana naye. Mumwe kwemifananidzo izvi ndizvo Georgian. Pakutanga, akanga ari Georgia, asi pashure 1622 iye akaiswa kuna Persia (zvakaitika kukunda nyika kubudikidza Shah Abbas). rwendo yake yakanga yakareba, uye akamira Arkhangelsk mudunhu Krasnogorsk wemamongi. Pari, mufananidzo chepakutanga kwave akarasika, asi pane mazita naye. Prayer pamberi icon vachikwidziridza kuti Kuraswa matenda siyana, uyewo rokurapa nzeve uye ziso zvirwere.

Mumwe, hakukoshi, mufananidzo, iyo inoratidza Amai vaMwari Hodegetria, ndiye Iver. mufananidzo uyu haana nhoroondo zvishoma zvisinganzwisisiki. Muzana IX remakore yakanga iri pamba mukadzi vaizviita. Raiva iconoclastic nguva, uye akasarudza kuponesa icon kubva pakuparadzwa, vazodzikisa nawo mugungwa mvura. Icon akazviratidza vaviri chete emakore gare gare, pedyo Mount Athos, pedo katsi wemamongi. Nokuti zvave akavaka chechi gedhi, uko mufananidzo inochengeterwa uye achiri.

Chokwadi, izvi hazvisi zvose zvifananidzo ichi mhando, izvo akaramba uye anokudzwa dzemamongi zhinji uye temberi. Ivo chaizvo chaizvo, uye vose vane simba rinokosha yavo uye zvinopa patronage.

Temberi, izvo vakazvipira nomufananidzo "Hodegetria"

Zvatakurukura mubvunzo: "Hodegetria - chii" - zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mufananidzo uyu anoenderana nedzimwe dzinoyera. Somuenzaniso, mumaguta akawanda zvose Russia uye dzimwe nyika, pane temberi, iyo yakavakwa nokukudzwa mufananidzo "Putevoditelnitsa". Funga zvawanyora:

• Church Kimzha ari Arkhangelsk munharaunda (kwete kushanda);
• Church muguta Disney Belarus (nokuita);
• chapero chechi Hodegetria, iye ari Simferopol, muCrimea (richidzidzwa);
• Church muna Kasimov, Ryazan nharaunda iri (mudare).

Uye kune machechi, makamuri uye temberi zvikuru vazhinji, sezvo kunamata Musikana Orthodox Good.

mhedziso

Saka zvino imi munoziva mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti: "Hodegetria - chii," Zvino sei kwakanga ichi iconographic mhando uye ndedzipi kuzvidhori dzakakurumbira, yakatsaurirwa kwaari. Zvinonzwisisika sei muRussia nomufananidzo anokudzwa saka, nekuti Virgin hachisi kuponesa vanhu kubva pamatambudziko siyana, akafuridzirwa kutenda uye tariro, handina kupa mwoyo.