Nzira yekuita varanda vevarimi muRussia yakatora mazana emakore. Kubva pakutonga kwaIvan wechitatu, apo hurumende yakatungamirirwa neMoscow yakaumbwa, uye mazana maviri emakore apfuura asati asvika muuranda hwakazara. Zvose zvakatanga naSt. George's Day muSwebbnik yekutanga, iyo yakanyatsochengetwa, yakadzidza makore. Izvi zvinosanganiswa mune imwe ketani, uye imwe neimwe inofanira kufungwa pamwe chete nevamwe.
Yuryev's Day
Zuva raYuryev ndiro zororo reSaint George kumagumo eNovember. Kubvira panguva yekutanga Sudebnik muna 1497 kushanduka kwevarimi kune mumwe muridzi weimba kwaive kwemavhiki vasati vhiki nevhiki mushure mezuva iroro. Kuenderera mberi kwebasa rekurima kwaizouya kusvika pakupedzisira, mari yakabhadharwa kushandiswa kwezvivako zvitsva, uye mhuri dzevarimi dzaigona kuenda kunotsvaka chingwa chakajeka kubva kune mumwe muridzi. Ichokwadi ndechokuti muRussia kwaiva nekushaikwa kwevashandi. Mambo akapa nyika yekushumira, uye kwakanga kusino munhu angashanda pairi. Nokudaro, varidzi venyika nevaridzi vemunda vakakwikwidzana pakati pavo, vakazvuzvurudzira varimi ivo pachavo, vakapa mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka ehupenyu nekushanda.
Muchidimbu chakachengetedzwa
Pakupera kwekutonga kwaIvan the terrible in the field, the destruction over all over. Kukundwa kweViivonian War uye chirongwa che oprichnaya chakaderedza bhajeti renyika, uye kuparadzwa kwenzvimbo dzakatarwa uye nyika dzepasi dzakachengetwa. Mune mamiriro ezvinhu aya, kutama kwevanhu kwakawedzera, varimi vanofamba kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo mukutsvaga hupenyu huri nani. Saka, pamagumo ekutonga kwake, Ivan akabvuma kukumbiro kwevashandi vake nekutanga kwezvinonzi makore akachengeterwa, izvo zvakatangira makore akadzidza. Idzi dzaive nguva dzekudziviswa kune varimi kushandisa kodzero yeSt. George's Day. Ichi chisarudzo chakaitwa kwenguva pfupi, asi, sezvavanotaura, hapana chimwe chinogara chisingaperi kudarika nguva.
Vintage summer
Imwe danho rakaderedza rusununguko rwevagari vemunyika yekutanga ndiko kuiswa kwechidzidzo . Gore rekuonekwa kwavo harina kugadzikana zvakakwana. Preliminary - iyi ndiyo nguva yekutonga kwekupedzisira Rurikovich Fedor Ivanovich, asi chaizvoizvo hurumende yehurumende yakanga yakabatanidzwa munun'una waTsar Boris Godunov. Mumitemo yeiyo nguva, izwi rokuti "zvidzidzo zvezhizha" harisi kushandiswa. 1597 zvisinei, mumabhuku akawanda ehupfumi wenyika anotsanangurwa sezuva rekutsvaga kwevagari vekutsvaga nguva, avo vakasiyira varidzi vavo mukuchengetedzwa kwemazhizha. Ikozvino, panguva apo kushanduka kwakarambidzwa. Iyi ndiyo nzira chete yekuti varimi vachinje chimwe chinhu muupenyu hwavo. Saka, ivo vakatizira kune mumwe muridzi weimba pasina mvumo. Mukuru wevanhu vaifarira vaifarira izvi, saka akavanza zviremera. Makore emakore mazambiringa ndeye nguva iyo muridzi wevagari vepaguru vaigona kutendeukira kumukuru nemashoko pamusoro pekurasikirwa kwevanhu vavo. Kana varimi vawanikwa panguva yakatarwa (chidzidzo), ipapo vakadzokera kune vati vambo.
Izvo zvinyorwa zvekutsvaga kutsvaga
Mitemo yekutanga yeTsar yakatora mazwi mashanu emakore ekutsvaga kwevanhu, saka nguva iyi yakawedzera kusvika makore manomwe, gumi nemashanu. Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi17, pane dzimwe nzvimbo, maererano nezara, mazamu akadzivirirwa akadziviswa, uye naizvozvo, makore akadzidza. Izvi, zvisinei, hazvina kureva kuti nzira yekuita varanda yakavharwa, asi yakasimirirwa mumatambudziko anokonzera nguva dzinotambudza. Pasi pekutanga tsars kubva mumhuri yeRomanov, mutemo wekufambisa pakati pezvido zvemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzevanhu, kusanganisira varidzi venyika dzakasiyana-siyana, zvakaitwa. Vamwe vakatsvaga kuti Tsar inofanira kupfupisa izwi rekutsvaga kutiza, asi vamwe vachida kukura. Mukuda kwekugadzirisa nyika dzekumaodzanyemba, hurumende yakatopedzera kubvisa chikoro chemakore. Asi zvishoma nezvishoma hupenyu hwakagadziriswa, zvinodiwa nevaridzi venyika vakatendeuka, mafungiro emagetsi ekugadzirwa aida hukama hwepamutemo serf.
Kuchenesa zvidzidzo
Pamusoro pokutonga kwaAlexei Mikhailovich aiva nemhirizhonga yakawanda. Kuvhiringidzika kwakakurumbira kwakabatanidzwa nekugadzwa kwenyika itsva nemitemo yechechi nekuderera kwehupenyu hwehuwandu hwevanhu. Sezvinowanzoitika, nyika yakakura yakasimba uye yakapfuma, asi vanhu vaiva varombo. Muna 1648 pakanga pane runyararo rweMunyu, yekutanga yezvitevedzo zvemhirizhonga yakatevera. Mambo muduku, achitya nekumuka, akadana Zemsky Sobor. Yakaratidza zvakawanda zvekupesana kwehurumende yenyika. Kunyange zvakadaro, chigumisiro chakanga chiri kubvumidzwa kwemitemo mitsva yeRussia pasi pezita rokuti "Cathedral Code". Kana vari varimi, ivo vaifungidzirwa kuti ndiyo inzvimbo yevanamambo vefurudal, pfuma yavo yega. Munhu wose aibata varimi vatiza akapiwa chirango. Uye kune avo vakatiza ivo pachavo, mazwi ose akaregererwa, shure kwaizvozvo vaigona kutarisira kusunungurwa kubva kuna tenzi. Nokudaro, kuregererwa kwemakore echikoro, kwakagadzirirwa muna 1649, kwaireva kubhadhara kwekupedzisira kwejeri. Iye zvino muhupenyu hwose, munhu wese akasiya muridzi wacho akaisa pangozi kubatwa ndokudzorerwa kune muridzi, uyo angamurova pamusana pekuchenjera kwake. Izvi hazvina kureva kuti mashizha akanga apera, asi varimi vakanga vatiza kwete kune mumwe muridzi, asi kumaodzanyemba, kunyika dzeCossack. Nehurumende iyi yakafanirwawo kutungamirira nguva refu.