Azov mitsva yaPeter Mukuru 1 muchidimbu

Kutanga nguva yekaitika yaPeter yenyika yakasara nyaya dzakawanda dzisina kugadziriswa, uye imwe yadzo-kusakwanisa kwekuenda kumakungwa, yakakanganisa kukura kwehurumende yeRussia. Moscow Russia nguva dzose yakarwa nesimba kuti ive nekodzero yokuva nechekumaodzanyemba kwemaodzanyemba. Kubudirira kwesimba chero ripi zvaro kunobva pakukwanisa kupinda munyika yekutengeserana kwenzvimbo uye kukwanisa kuitisa unyanzvi hwekunze kune imwe nyika. Kushaikwa kwekutsvaga kwakakwana kwegungwa kwakaderedza Russia yemikana yakawanda.

Zvikonzero zvekuenda kune Azov

Kudiwa kwakakurumidza kwekuwedzera kukura kwehurumende kwakasimuka pakupera kwezana remakore, rakaratidzwa nekutonga kwemukurukudziri mukuru Peter 1, uyo akaisa basa guru rekusimudzira kubatana kwepakati penyika, kusimbisa simba rayo rehondo uye kuwedzera kukosha kwenyika yose. Kutsvaga nzira dzekupinda munyika yenyika yezvematongerwe enyika kwakaunza kusakwanisa kwekutungamirira hondo yekumaodzanyemba yehondo, iyo yainzi maAzov mitsva yaPeter 1. Tinotsanangura muchidimbu zvimwe zvikonzero zvekuitika kwavo.

Vanyori vezvakaitika kare vanoti kwemakore akawanda, Crimea Tatars inoparadza kubva kuRussia nyika inenge mamiriyoni mashanu vanhu vakaba muuranda. Chido chekudzivisa kushungurudzika kwevanhu vasingasviki kwakava chimwe chikonzero chekutanga kwemakambani ekumaodzanyemba. Mishandirapamwe yeTsigirin yaTsar Aleksei Mikhailovich uye maCrimea mafambiro eChris Golitsyn, akaitwa muhafu yepiri yezana remakore rechi17, haana kuunza migumisiro yakakodzera, achisiya nyaya yezvigaro zvakasimba paGungwa Dzvuku rekusagadziriswa. Nokudaro, wechidiki Petro haana kukwanisa kubatsira kuisa pfungwa dzake pakugadzirisa nyaya dzekuchengetedzwa kwemuganhu uye kuzarura mikana yenyika yekutonga kwenyika yekune dzimwe nyika nekusvika kumaodzanyemba kwegungwa.

Muhondo neTurkey neCrimea iyo yakatanga muma1670, Russia yakashanda sechikamu chemasimba akasimba-nhengo dzeChristian coalition. Muma1690, vashanduri veRussia - Poland neAustria - vakapedzisa zvibvumirano neTurkey pamagariro erugare vasina kufungisisa zvido zveRussia, sezvinoratidzwa nhoroondo. Peter wekutanga akaisa mvumo yekugadziriswa kwemhirizhonga uye mukana wekufamba pachena kweRussia flotilla muAzov uye Black Sea. Vakapikisirwa neTurks kwemakore akawanda. Kukurukurirana kwakakonzera kusvika muna 1694. Ipapo Petro 1 akasarudza kuzadzikisa kuzadziswa kwemamiriro ezvinhu nechisimba chemaoko.

Chinangwa chikuru chaiva nhare yeAzov, iri mumuromo weDon uye ichivhara kubuda kuGungwa Dzvuku. Kubatwa kwaro kwakazarura nzira inoenda kuRussia kune gungwa, rakapa mukana wekuvaka zvikepe zvegungwa uye kugadzira nzvimbo yepamusoro kuti iwedzere kurwa. Makore emishandirapamwe yeAzov yaPeter Mukuru yakatanga kuchinja munhoroondo yenyika.

Zvirongwa zvekufamba kwekutanga

Nekushinga uye maximalism inhereche muzera remakore, muduku mambo mukuru pakutanga kwekutanga 1695 akazivisa chiitiko kuCrimea. Ichi ndicho chaiva chiitiko chekutanga cheAzov chaPeter the Great.Nokuti kushungurudzika uye kudengenyeka kwevavengi kubva kuAzov kuMoscow, kuungana kwevarwi, vachienda kumaodzanyemba kweDnieper pasi peBP Sheremetyev, yakaziviswa. Panguva imwecheteyo, Mazana makumi matatu-Azov Army akaumbwa muchivande, aine zvikamu zvitatu zvakanakisisa pasi pemurairo weChitubu Lefort, Gordon, Golovin, ane zvombo zvinopfuura 100 uye makumi mana makumi mana.

Mambo wega wega akanga akanyorwa muuto nemauto eBombardier Peter Alekseev. Murairo wevarwi hauna kuisa mukati memaoko akafanana. Nyaya dzinokosha dzakagadziriswa pamakurukota ehondo uye dzakagamuchirwa naPetro 1.

Rwendo rwokutanga kuenda kuAzov

Mishandirapamwe yeAzov yaPeter Mukuru yakatanga muna 1695. Mumazuva emakore, gumi-chutatu-avant-garde yeGadget Gordon, inowedzera muTambov, akatamira kuAzov. Akafamba kumahombekombe kuenda Cherkassk, uko Don Cossacks akabatana naye. Nhare yeAzov, iri kuruboshwe rworuboshwe rweDon, pedyo nemuromo wayo, yaiva nhare yakasimba yakasimba kubva kumativi ose.

Pakupera kwaJune, Gordon akazadzisa chinangwa chake chekupedzisira ndokudzika musasa pedyo nenhare. Kuti aburuke mauto makuru pamusoro peAzov neRwizi rweKaysugi, akavaka jetty Mytishevaya. Panguva imwecheteyo, mauto makuru akazosvika nzizi kuMoscow, Volga uye Oka kuenda kuTsaritsyn, ndokubva yambukira kusvika kuPanshin, uye zvakare zvakare pamwe neDon kusvika kuAzov, yakapararira kutanga kwaJuly, akagara kumaodzanyemba kweimba yakakwirira, akatarisana neKagalnik River. Paki yokukomba uye zvombo zvakachengetwa paMetishevoy pier, iyo yakava yerudzi rwechigadziko, kubva pakatanga kugadzirirwa mabhomba kuhondo.

Kubvongerwa kwakatanga nehutungamiri hwemauto aGordon kutanga kweJuly nechisimba chakanyanya kuputika kweimba, sezvo chivakwa chayo chakakanganiswa. Asi guta rakakombwa kubva munyika iyo rakachengetedzwa pamutengo wezvokudya uye zvombo zvinobva kugungwa. Mauto eRussia aiva masimba ehurumende, vakanga vasina simba rakasimba uye havana kukwanisa kudzivisa muvengi, izvo zvakakonzera kukomba kusaunza zvinodiwa. VaTurkey, vakatsigirwa nevatasvi vemabhiza eCrimean Tatars, avo vakarwa seri kwemasvingo eguta racho, vakaita nguva zhinji.

Pausiku hwaJuly 20, mapoka akawanda euto raPeter I akatamira kumhenderekedzo yakarurama yeDon guru uye, paakavaka shongwe uye akazvigadzirira mauto ane zvombo, akawana mukana wekupisa guta kubva kuchamhembe. Pavakangosvika pamharaunda, mauto eRussia akatanga kurwisa musi waAugust 5. Azov akasimuka. Kukomba kwakapedza nguva yakareba, yakasarudzwa kuti idzoke zvakare. Mushure mekunge vaputira muguta kuburikidza nokuwa kwechidiki kubva kuputika kwemigodhi, varwi vaGordon vakamanikidzwa nemauto eTurkey. Kurwiswa kwakakundikana zvakare, vaTurkey vakamanikidza maRussia mauto kuti vadzokezve. Azov mapurogiramu aPeter Mukuru, kunyanya, wekutanga wavo, akaratidza kukanganisa uye kukanganisa mumurairo uye mufambiro wehondo yekukomba.

Anoshungurudzwa nezvipingamupinyi uye kurasikirwa kukuru, Petro akapa chisarudzo chokugumisa kukombwa: musi waSeptember 28, vakatanga kusunungura mabheti, uye musi wa2 Gumiguru mauto ose akaenda kuMoscow.

Successes Sheremetyev

Zviito zveSheremetyev pane Dnieper zvimwe zvakabhadhara kusuruvara kwekukundwa mumushandirapamwe weAzov. Akatora dzimba mbiri dzakadzika, akaparadza matongo akasiyiwa neTurkey. Uye kunyange kukanganisa kwekukurukurirana kwemauto ehondo kwakamanikidza mambo wechidiki kuti atore uto raSheremetyev kumiganhu, mupiro wake kune mishandirapamwe yeAzov yaPeter Mukuru yakanga yakawanda.

Kugadzirira mushandirapamwe mutsva

Achiona kukosha kwekuzadzisa zvinangwa zvakarongwa uye kuongorora zvikonzero zvezvipingamupinyi, Petro 1 akatanga kutongwa kumusangano wekuchamhembe wakatevera. Akaona kuti kukanganisa kwechikwata ichi kwakabva pakushaikwa kwezvikepe, uye kubudirira kwekuita kwemauto ehondo kunobvira chete mukubatana kwemauto ehondo uye mapurisa echiuto anokwanisa kudzivisa nzira dzeAzov kubva kugungwa, nokudaro achidzivisa kugadziriswa kwezvigadzirwa nerubatsiro kubva kunze. Peter Mukuru, uyo akatonga ushe hwakazara nezviitiko zvikuru, akarayira kutanga kuvaka zvikepe mu Prechehensky ne Voronezh, akaendesa mberi kuvaka.

Mukufananidza, sarudzo dzehondo itsva yeAzov yakaumbwa, zvishoma nezvishoma yakasimbiswa nemauto aSheremetev, boka revanhu pamwe nekudanwa kweCossacks. Kuti azadze kuperevedza kwemajini ekugadzira mauto, Petro akataura nevakuru veAllied States, Poland neAustria.

Chipiri chekumaodzanyemba

Mishandirapamwe yeAzov yaPeter Mukuru yakaenderera mberi. Muchirimo cha1696, hondo iri pasi peGeneralissimo A. Shein, ine mapoka evakuru vakuru Gordon, Golovin naRehman, vanosvika zviuru makumi manomwe nemakumi mashanu, vakagadzirirwa mupiro wechipiri Azov. Pakati pechando vaivaka ngarava, iyo Lefort yakatanga kuraira. Yaiva nezvikepe zviviri, zvikwata makumi maviri nezviviri uye 4 zvikepe zvemoto. Petro 1 akagadza Voronezh senzvimbo yekuunganidza hondo, kubva kwaive yakarongwa kutumira vazhinji vemauto kuenda kuAzov nemunda, uye kutakura zvombo zvehondo uye zvakasara zvakasikwa nemvura. Vaya vaifamba vachibva kuMoscow musi waMarch 8 uye pakupera kwomwedzi, vachiisa muVeronezh, vakatakura ngarava, mushure mokunge mapoka makuru euto akaenda kunhare.

Musi waMay 19, mberi kwezvikwata zveGordon's division zvakasvika pedyo neNovoosergievsk, zvishoma pane Azov. Nzvimbo huru yezvikepe zveRussia yakarongedza kufamba kwezvikepe zveTurkey zvakamira mumugwagwa. Mushure mekunge vashoma vashoma vasangana nevaTurkey havana kutarisira kuuya nemasimba ekurwisa amphibious kuti vasimbise guta racho. Boka ravo rakapinda mugungwa, risina kuita chero chinhu chinoponesa imba. Hondo yeimba yakasimba haina kutarisira kukomba kwechipiri. Kushandisa uku kusakanganiswa, mauto eRussia, akange asvika pakutanga kweJune, akasimbisa makambi, akachengetedza nzira dzakachengetedzwa zvakakwana ndokutanga kugadzira zvombo.

Kukombwa kweNhare

Kurwiswa kwechipiri kweAzov naPeter I kwakanyanya kubudirira. Uye kunyange zvazvo maTatars, akapararira kumahombekombe ehondo, nguva nenguva airwisa vasekete, asi musasa weAzov, wakatarwa kubva kune dzimwe nyika, wakanga usingaiti. Akarayira basa rokukomba kweGeneralissimo Shein. Ngarava dzaPeter Mukuru dzakamira mumugwagwa, iye pachake akanga ari mugungwa uye nguva nenguva aifamba kumahombekombe kuti aongorore basa rehondo.

Developments

Iko kuve kwebhomba kwemavhiki maviri eimba, iyo yakatanga pakati peJune, haina kuuya nemigumisiro yaidiwa - mazamu uye masvingo haana kukuvara zvakakomba. Zvadaro yakawanikwa chirongwa chisina kujairika, asi chinoshanda: kuisa yakakwirira kudarika serf, shaft, kuendesa iyo kumadziro uye, achivata nehope, tanga kurwisa. Yakanga iri basa guru. Zuva rimwe nerimwe vanhu vane zviuru zvishanu vaisungirirwa mairi: panguva imwe chete mabhazi maviri akavakwa, uye kunze kwacho kwakagadzirirwa kuiswa kwezvombo. Vaongorori veAustria, vanjiniya, vafambisi vemigodhi uye varwi vemhondi vakapinda kuuto vakatungamirira basa, vachishandisa nzira dzezvino dzekugadzira zvombo zvemazuva iwayo.

Kubatwa kwaAzov naPetro 1 muna 1696

Kubatwa kweAzov kwakaitika nokukurumidza: pakati peJuly maZaporozhians, vakaneta nekukombwa kwenguva refu, pamwe neDon Cossacks, vakakurumidza kurwisa musasa uye, sezvo vakatora chikamu chesvingo rwepasi, vakamanikidza vaTurkey kudzoka. Iyi kubudirira yakasarudza mugumo wokupedzisira wehondo. Nokudaro zvakagumisa mapurogiramu aAzov aPeter 1. Zvishoma nezvishoma uye achidzora zvakasimba kupikisana kwakasiyana-siyana kusingagoneki, maitiro eRussia anopiwa kuzvipira. Vanhu vokuTurkey vakakombwa vakatanga kutaurirana pamusoro pekuzvipira. Musi waJuly 19 hondo yaPetro yakapinda muAzov.

Zvakaoma kurondedzera kukosha kwekukunda uku kweRussia uye mambo muduku pane vose vakatanga kutonga kwenyika nekukunda kukunda kwekuti mapurisa aAzov aPeter wekutanga akaunzwa.Teresi yekufananidza yezvakaitika zvezvakaitika zvezviitiko zvose izvi zvinoratidza kuti nokukurumidza mambo akaongorora uye akaongorora zvikanganiso, kuti zvakanakisisa zvakaruramiswa sei.