The Congress of Vienna: weboka Europe muzana remakore rechi19

Mumazuva okupedzisira March 1814 omubatanidzwa mauto achipembererwa akapinda Paris. Izvi zvaireva kuti kwakakwana kukundwa Napoleonic France uye pakupedzisira kubviswa makore rwehondo European. Napoleon pachake nokukurumidza abdicated uye akaendeswa kuutapwa Elba, uye kukunda nevatsigiri patafura tambokurukura kuti remake mepu muEurope.

Kuti aite izvi, ari Congress of Vienna akanga kuunganidzwa, iyo yakaitwa muAustria muna 1814-1815, ukuwo. Rakanga wakapindwa nevamiriri Russia, England, Austria, Prussia, France nePortugal.

Huru nyaya dzakabudiswa vari: redistribution muEurope muchifarira rinokunda nyika, kudzorera umambo mu Europe uye kudzivisa chero mukana kudzokera nesimba Napoleon.

In France, zvakanzi adzorerwa nevamiririri venyika Bourbon youmambo, uye akatora chigaro Lyudovik Xviii, rakatevera mugari wenhaka kuti aurayiwe Louis XVI. Uyezve vakundi aizodzorera yekare - the feudal kwamachinda uye absolutist. Chokwadi, pashure ose enyika nebudiriro French Revolution, chinangwa ichi chaiva utopian, asi zvisinei, kwemakore akawanda, Europe wakapinda Rumhangapanga uye kuita utongi.

The huru dambudziko raiva redistribution nyika, kunyanya muPoland uye Saxony. Russian Emperor Alexander Ndaida kubatana munyika Polish kundima Russia, Saxony uye kupa simba Prussia. Asi vamiririri Austria, Great Britain uye France kudziviswa sarudzo kwakadaro. Vakatoti akasaina zvakavanzika chibvumirano pamusoro pamwe pamusoro miganhu vavariro Prussia uye Russia, saka dariro zvokutanga kwakadaro kunenge nokupesana asina kutora nzvimbo.

Kazhinji, kuti Congress of Vienna akaratidza kuti huru ukuru mauto yaiitwa Russia, Prussia, England neAustria. Haggling uye kupopotedzana pakati pavo, vamiririri venyika idzi kunze chikuru apiwa weboka Europe.

Muchirimo 1815, Napoleon atiza Elba, iye asvika muFrance uye yakatanga itsva pokurwa. Zvisinei, nokukurumidza, mauto ake vakakundwa zvachose Waterloo uye Congress of Vienna muna 1815 akatanga kushanda nokukurumidza kwakadaro. Zvino, vadzidzi vakaedza nokukurumidza sezvinobvira kutora zvisarudzo zvokupedzisira pamusoro miganhu maumbirwo Europe.

Pakutanga July 1815 zvakanzi chasainwa mukuru Chiito Congress, maererano iyo France akanga kunyimwa dzose yakakunda kwokutanga. Russia wefodya ari Duchy pamusoro Warsaw, iyo yava kunzi Umambo kwePoland. Rhineland, Poznan, Westphalia uye Saxony kworutivi pana Prussia. Austria anobatana nharaunda yayo Lombardy, Galicia uye Venice, uye pamwe zviri North zvemisoro German (German Confederation) , nyika iyi anogamuchira zvikuru. Chokwadi, ichi chinobata zvinodiwa Prussian wehurumende.

KuItaly, Umambo Sardinia akadzorerwa zvairayirwa savoy uye Nice, panguva iyoyowo achibvumirana kodzero Imba savoy. Tuscany, Modena uye Parma akauya pasi simba vamiririri yeAustria Habsburgs. Roma zvakare akauya pasi pesimba papa, uyo akadzoka zvose murayiro wekare. In Naples, akagara pachigaro choushe Bourbons. Akaumba muumambo Netherlands kubva Netherlands uye Belgium.

Small inoti German kuti chabvisa Napoleon, vakawanda vavo havana akapora. nhamba yavo zvachose kwave yakaderera nezvikamu kusvika kagumi. Zvisinei, kuti kusabatana Germany, iyo zvino yakanga 38 inoti, kumbochinja.

KuEngland akaenda kunyika yeBritain yaitonga kuti akabvisa muSpain, France uye Holland. Pachitsuwa cheMarita , uye kuCeylon, Cape of Good Hope, Guyana, reIonia Islands zvino pakupedza umambo British.

Confederation of nemapfumbamwe cantons Swiss rakaumbwa iyo akadanidzira "nokusingaperi kwavakarerekera". Norway wakapfuurira simba Sweden, vachiwana kubva Danish.

Asi zvose pasina chaakasiya nyika dzokuEurope vakanga vachitya ane kunyanya nokusimbaradza Russia, nokuti ndiyo nyika zvaiva basa Kumukundi pamusoro Napoleon nemauto.

The Vienna Conference wazadziswa, asi kuwa 1815, Alexander I akasarudza kusimbisa itsva kurongeka European uye kuzosimbisa kutungamirira basa Russia uye England. On ake danho, chibvumirano yakanga yakasainwa pamusoro pakagadzwa Mutsvene Alliance, yaisanganisira Austria, Prussia uye Russian Empire. Maererano chibvumirano, hurumende akavimbisa kubatsira mumwe pakuparwa chimurenga kana dzakakurumbira yokumukira.

The Congress of Vienna aro sarudzo vaiva mutsindo kwakabatsira yose European hurongwa. Chete pashure 1917, apo Hondo Yenyika yokutanga, nharaunda European zvichabviswa redrawn zvakare.