Zvombo zvokunyengera zveRussia

Sezvo teknolojia yezvombo zvitsva ichivandudza, nyaya yekudzokorora mauto ekudzivisa mauto inowedzera kukurumidza. Kutanga kwekutanga kwezvombo zve hypersonic zviri kuedzwa zvikuru neChina, United States neEngland, izvo zvinoita kuti Russia ijoke muboka rehondo idzi, uye kwete pasina kubudirira. Vashandi vekumba vanoshanda munzvimbo mbiri huru, vachifungisisa kwete chete zvinogona kukanganisa izvo zvigoni zve hypersonic zvine, asiwo nzira yekudzivirira. Serial production yemhando dzemhando iyi mumatunhu akakwirira zvinogona kuitika mumakore anenge gumi, asi yakatozivikanwa kuti chizvarwa chekupedzisira chekudzivirirwa kwemassile hachikwanisi kukurira kutyisa kwakadaro.

Zviratidzo zvezvombo zvekunyengera

Imabasa inoshandiswa pamberi pezvombo zve hypersonic zvakambotumirwa kuendesa mabhomba ari mumhepo. Miedzo yezviratidziro zveEND zvinoratidza kuti arsenal yerudzi rutsva urongwa hwekukwirira kwakakura kudarika zvose zvinoratidzika zviripo nekuda kwekukurumidza. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvombo zvekutengesa zvine huwandu hwakarurama nekubudirira kwekuparadzwa. Mukuita, izvi zvinoreva kuti kuvhara kwemassile nemazuva ano simba rekuchengetedza mhepo hazvibviri kana kuti zvakaoma.

Kubudirira kubva pane zvakaratidzwa zvakanaka, zvinogona kukonzerwa kuti zvinoitika zvekushamisika zvakasikwa - kuparadzwa kwechinangwa kunowanikwa neawa imwe mushure mokunge sarudzo yaitwa. Mune mhaka ipi zvayo, maitiro akadaro anowanikwa nehurumende yeRussian hypersonic yakakwirira, iyo isingabvumi muvengi kuti ave nenguva yekugadzirisa kukanganisa kwaro. Kana tichitaura nezvehuwandu hwekuparara, ipapo panguva iyo inongogumira kumakiromita zviuru zvemazana, asi munguva yemberi iri pedo inogona kusvika kune imwe nzvimbo munyika yose.

Hypersonic cannon

Chimwe chezviitiko zvinokurudzira zvikuru muRussia mune irikirasi nderokuti aerodynamic hypersonic zvombo - magetsi ekugadzira magetsi (kana katepati). Iri ndiro basa guru rekuisa ndege, iyo iri kusikwa nesangano rakavanzika. Kunyange zvakadaro, inozivikanwa kuti bundu rema electromagnetic haisi chinhu chinopfuura motokari inotenderera inokonzera iyo inokurumidza kufamba ndege kuenda kunoshamisa. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti catapult ichaiswa panzvimbo inofambisa ndege dzinotakura uye kushandiswa kwemaawa anenge zviuru makumi masere, kuvaka kwacho kuchazadziswa muna 2018.

Kusvika iye zvino, pane maitiro ezvombo zvakafanana muChina nekuUnited States. Nezvekudenga, deta iyi haisati yakasimbiswa, asi Pentagon yave irikudziridza nhungamiro iyi kwemakore gumi uye ikozvino ine kuiswa kwe EMALS kwevatakuri vezvikwata zveGerald Ford.

Hypersonic rockets

Kwenguva yekutanga, kudiwa kwekushandisa ma-ultra-high velocities pamakungwa kwakataurwa muUSSR apo kuedza kwakaitwa kuwedzera missile yeblastistic nemhosva yepamusoro yepamusoro panzvimbo yezvombo zvenyukireya. Kuenderera mberi kweiyi pfungwa ndiyo zvombo zvitsva zvinoshandiswa kuRussia zvine maitiro e-hypersonic ndege (GLA). Mukuwedzera kune imwe nguva isati yasvika (inopfuura 5 000 m / s), sarudzo inokwanisa kugadzirisa trajectory - iyo ndiyo isingasvikiki yemufananidzo wekutiza motokari yakaita kuti motokari ive yakasiyana. GLA inokwanisa kupinda nzvimbo uye inodzokera kumhepo panguva yekufamba, izvo zvisingaitike kunyange kune zvombo zvemazuva ano.

Zvisinei, US inosakanganwa zviitiko zvakadaro. Chimwe chinhu ndechekuti maererano nemaitiro uye simba rinokwanisa, ivo vakanyanya kuderera kumagadziriro emhuri. Parizvino, US inokwidziridza zvigadzirisheni zvechikwata ichi mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana, pakati payo zvinoratidzira Hyper-X uye HySTR. Sezvo kuburitswa kwakavanzika, ruzivo pamusoro pavo ruduku, asi runozivikanwa kuti mamwe ezvo akasikwa pachikwata chemisasa yeblastistic yezvombo zvishonga, izvo zvatove zvabviswa kubva pakugadzirwa.

Nzira dzokudzivirirwa

Kune rumwe rutivi, inenge nyika dzose dzinotungamirira kukurudzirwa kune hutungamiri hwezvombo zve hypersonic zvinotarisirwa kuchengetedza kuchengeteka kubva kumhepo yemazuva ano kudzivirira. Asi kune rumwe rutivi, paivawo nechikonzero chakajeka chekudzivirirwa kubva kune dzimwe shanduro dzemavengi, nokuti maitiro ezvidziviriro zviripo hazvina maturo kusati misarura inobhururuka pa-ultra-yakakwirira.

Nhungamiro yakavimbiswa mukusika kuchengetedzwa kwechizvarwa chitsva ndiyo maitiro ezvidziviriro e-aosospace - panguva ino chete inogona kuverengwa pamwe nekwaniso izvo zvombo zve hypersonic zvine. Mukuremekedza iyi, Russian Federation ine ruzivo rwakawanda, sezvinopupurirwa nema prototypes e thermobaric uye zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi. Pasinei neizvi, hapana maitiro akazvigadzirira kana kunyange pfungwa, maererano neyekugona kutaura pamusoro pekudzivirirwa kwakasimba kune zvombo zve hypersonic. Kubudirira kwega kunogona kupa chikonzero chekudzivirirwa kubva pasi ndecheS-500 pamusoro-kwese-missile system system, maitiro ayo anongotarisirwa chete.

Kuita basa

Kunyange zvazvo vakawanda vachifananidza simba rekukundwa kwezvombo zve hypersonic nekuwa kwemeteorite (zvikurukuru nemhaka yekukurumidza kwechikwereti), hondo dzinenge dzisina zvinhu zvinoputika, saka kucheneswa kwemapurisa hakugoni kutyisidzira chinhu chavengi. Uye zvakadaro, zvombo zvehupenzi ndeyengozi yakakomba. Simba rinokwanisa, iro rinopiwa kune rimwe ganda resimbi rinorema rinenge makirogiramu makumi maviri, panguva yekutanga inowana zvinoshamisa kinetic energy. Izvi zvinotungamirirwa nemagetsi emagetsi, izvo zvinowedzera sezvo hondo inopfuurira pakati peiri rairi mbiri dzeMutambi. Huwandu hwemagetsi ekugadzirira-simba kwesimba rehondo uyezve kubviswa kwehuni kubva pamubhairi wepfuti ndiko kunopa huipi hunokuvadza hwezvombo zve hypersonic.

Injini dzezvipfeko zvepersonneric

Nheyo iyo iyo zvombo zvinonyanya kutendesa zveRussia zvirikudziridzwa, zvichiri jet injini dzechizvarwa chitsva chizvarwa. Kune dombo-kutenderera kunokonzera, turbo-yakarurama uye yakananga-inoyerera-simba-simba michina, iyo inokubvumira kuderedza uwandu hwezvigadzirwa, asi panguva imwechete inochengetedza simba rakakura rinokuvadza. Semuenzaniso, injini dzakananga-inopinza dzinogona kusanganisira maikirwo eHVRD nePSVRD, ayo akavakwa kubva kuma1960 uye nhasi ane maitiro ekugadzirisa ekushanda kwe-ultra-high speed.

Dzimwe nzvimbo dzekusimudzira

Pfungwa yezvombo zvekunyengedza inowana nzvimbo mune dzimwe niches dzeimba yekudzidzira mauto edzimba. Semuenzaniso, kushandiswa kwekombiyuta yakadaro kunobvumirwa kunyange mukusika kwebhomba. Izvo zvinonzi mafungu-bhuti, semisoro, vane zvirongwa zvisiri izvo zvekugadzira zvinhu izvo zvinovabvumira kupinda kunze uye kuchengetedza mafuta. Uyewo, vamiririri vedare rezvidziviriro vanopfuura kamwe vakambotaura kuti Russia iri kugadzirira hutsva hwekugadzirisa zvombo, zvichiyeuchidza zvombo zveU.S. hypersonic zvorudzi rwechikepe CAV FALCON.

Zvichida, idzi dziri ndege huru dzisingatauri, umo jet injini dzechizvarwa chitsva chichaiswa. Imwe nzira kana imwe, ruzivo rwemahofisi ekugadzira mapurisa anoshanda zvakanyanyisa uye mune ramangwana rinofanira kupa rubatsiro rwechokwadi nekugadzirisa zvinokwanisa kukanganisa.

Mhedziso

Mune mazuva ano, zvombo zvekutengesa zvakave zvakakurumbira kuburikidza neUnited States, apo pfungwa ye "global hurling strike" yakaumbwa. Mumazana maviri ehondo nhangemutange yezvombo yakatanga, mumakore achangopfuura chikamu chekuedza chezviratidzo zvekutanga zvezvombo zve hypersonic zvakapfuura. Russia iri mairi, kana isiri yekutanga, iyo ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo dzinotungamirira.

Kubatsira kwaro hakusi kungoita kuwedzera kwakadzika kwezvinoitika zviripo munharaunda iyi, asiwo mukana wekubatanidza pfungwa ye hypersonic missile zvombo uye nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza nzvimbo. Pamwe chete neizvi, zvigadzirwa zve ndege zviri kuumbwa, mamwe maitiro efurairi ari kuongororwa, kusanganisira hydrogen, mabhomba uye injini dzehutachiona hwemapurisa dzinovandudzwa.