British nyuchi

British nyuchi - nzvimbo dzakawanda munyika kuti yatorwa, akatorwa pasi protectorate kana kunyange dzimwe nzira yakatorwa pakati yechi16 uye rechi18 emakore, mumwe umambo simba kupfuura kare - British.

Chinangwa chaiva kwayo miganhu kukura. Panguva iyi, kwaiva nesimba makwikwi manyuko mari uye zvinogona misika nokuda vaburitsi pakati Britain yaro Continental vorongerwa - Spain, France, uye Holland. Paitonga Queen Elizabeth I kuchinjanisa makambani dzakatangwa muTurkey, Russia, East Indies, vachiongorora nemhenderekedzo North America.

Zvinonzi vakatenda dzakaitika, kuti miganhu kuwedzera munyika yakatanga nguva apo Elizabeth I akapa kodzero yake kufarira, Sir Walter Raleigh kumisa Chirungu dzaitongwa muna North America.

Pakutanga mutemo umambo kwaibva kungobva mercantilist pfungwa. Pana Stewart, James I uye Charles I, uye Oliver Cromwell kuti kuvaka umambo yakavakirwa hwekutengeserana zvirongwa, zvakava zvakawanda pachena. Yakanaka nengaidzo wezvokutengeserana (imupota-ekisipoti) vaifungidzirwa kupa upfumi zvakakodzera kuti kuwedzera uye dzigadziridzwe umambo.

Muna 1707, pashure kubatanidzwa England uye Scotland mugomba chete changamire mamiriro, zhinji mapoka Great Britain (kusanganisira yaimbova Scottish) akava hwaro yakakurumbira hweRoma.

Misha First mhiri kwemakungwa British vakanga nheyo kuIreland. The hurongwa kubatwa munyika yakaitwa pasi Oliver Cromwell. Pakapera hondo vakabudirira pamwe Dutch, French uye Spanish mu nemanomwe remakore, Britain akakwanisa kudzora dzakawanda kumabvazuva kwemhenderekedzo North America, Pool St. Lawrence River in Canada, Bermuda, mundima West Indies uye Africa kutenga varanda uye vawane nzvimbo kuIndia.

Vamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika vanoti kuti Wales zvose zvinofanira kufungwa wokutanga Chirungu nyika kubva izwi hazvirevi mhiri kwemakungwa ndima.

Pakupera nemasere remakore Britain dzaidzorwa mu America vakanga vakarasika. Kunyange zvazvo kuwanikwa Australia asina akashanda sekanguva muripo, sezvo kure-kure nyika dzakashanda ainyanya senzvimbo vakatapwa varume mhosva, asi kurasikirwa uku kufurirwa vanonzi "famba kuna East" - kuzviwanira inokosha nezvigadziko achitevedza dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana pakati India uye kuFar East. Pakazopera nemasere remakore kudzorwa yeBritain kuti India akawedzera kuna Afghanistan uye Burma.

Somugumisiro ari Napoleonic Wars - wokupedzisira pose hondo pakati umambo - Britain zvakanga kunyange ari akaoma chaizvo ezvinhu, asi pasina mubvunzo vane simba chinzvimbo. Somuenzaniso, Dutch Cape Colony (South Africa) akanga vawana. Pasinei nokuti kukoshesa kuti Victorian kuti wokumwe chezvawanyora zvakawedzerwa Russian Empire, izvo vaityisidzira ayo nezvido kuIndia, zvinenge zvose tsika vakwikwidzi kuti nguva vakarasikirwa kukosha kwavo uye kuderedzwa zvikuru kukura, saka kuti chinzvimbo Imperial Britain yaiva zvazvisingarambiki. Uyezve, zvava vaitungamirira maindasitiri nyika muEurope, zvakawanda nzvimbo nyika yakanga pfungwa pasi pakudzorwa yawo ezvokutengeserana, zvemari uye wengarava simba.

Zvisinei, nzvimbo yaisagona kunzi yakatsiga. Empire inobva pfungwa mercantilism, rave simba mukunopera nemasere - mangwanani namapfumbamwe emakore zvinhu zvinoverengeka. Muna 1807 muEngland Akabvisa uranda sangano rinotungamirirwa vaevhangeri, wakakumbira zvikuru kuchinja dzimwe nzvimbo umambo. Sezvo 1833 zvoupfumi nemaonero nokuda (zvikuru kuburikidza pokudzora pfungwa Adam Smith), vamwe British dzaitongwa akatanga kufamba akananga kuzvitonga uye vakasununguka zvokutengeserana, rinova kurerutsa matambudziko vatana oligarchic uye monopolistic zvokutengeserana makambani. Asi munguva Victorian yaitonga akaramba pakuunganidza nenharaunda uye zvimwe dzaishandiswa zvichemo anosimudzirwa inokosha nezvavanofunga uye mhosva nevavariro philanthropic. Its yepamusoro hasha wokuti Great Britain yakasvika apo Koroleva Viktoriya, chinomutsa Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli, vakazivisa pacharo muna 1876 maererano Empress muIndia.

Mune Empire, zvisinei, vakaramba kuva nationalist kufamba, pakupedzisira, heralding disintegration kwayo. The muitiro wakakurumidza pashure peHondo Yenyika I, kunyange post-hondo iyoyo, Empire dzimwe nguva yakawedzera kukura apo protectorate British vaimbova nharaunda German uye wokuTurkey.

A muhutongi Great Britain, Canada, uye Australia vakawana dominion chinzvimbo muna 1907. Muna 1931 zvakanzi rakaumbwa kuti Commonwealth of Nations, zvaisanganisira Britain uye ushe of Canada kuzvipira vedare, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, iyo Irish Free State, riri kuzivikanwa sezvo musoro woumambo kuUnited Kingdom. Ushe nokushingaira akatsigira Britain panguva Second World War. Vazhinji dzekare vari kushamisika pamusoro kana zvaibvira kukunda hondo inotyisa iyi pasina kutsigira yaitonga mauto vatsigiri. Vaiitawo ose yemitambo hondo. Asi kurasikirwa weBritish kuFar East maiita pachena kuti UK asisina kuti simba Imperial, vaikwanisa kuramba hurongwa dzenhoroondo nyika. Panzvimbo Chirungu zvishoma nezvishoma vakasvika vokuAmerica.