Metropolitan Stefan Yavorsky: Biography, maonero

Worker echechi yeRussian Orthodox, Metropolitan Stefan Yavorsky aiva Ryazan uye Locum Tenens of Chigaro chaBhishopi. Akamuka kuonga Peter I Zvisinei, ndaiva nhamba nokusawirirana namambo, iyo pakupedzisira kwakawedzera apesane. Nguva pfupi asati afa locum tenens Revafundisi akasikwa, kuburikidza iyo hurumende zvachose muchamanikidza Church.

makore okutanga

The ramangwana mutungamiriri wechitendero Stefan Jaworski akaberekwa muna 1658 mutaundi Jawor, muna Galicia. Vabereki vake vaiva nani murombo vanokudzwa. Pasi mashoko Andrusovo runyararo chibvumirano muna cha1667, vakatamira kune kumucheto okupedzisira kwePoland. mhuri Orthodox Jaworski vakasarudza kusiya uye vatamire Yavor Left-Bank Ukraine, rwakazokura chikamu Moscow State. yokumusha kwavo itsva akatendeuka Krasilovka musha pedyo netaundi Nezhin. Pano Stefan Jaworski (munyika zita rake raiva Semyon) akaramba dzidzo yake.

In hwake, akatoratidza vakazvimiririra vakatamira Kiev, kwaakanotanga muuto Kyiv-Mohyla Collegium. Akanga mumwe mukuru masangano rokudzidzisa kumaodzanyemba Russia. Pano Stefan akadzidza kusvikira 1684. Akataura pfungwa ramangwana Metropolitan pakati Kiev Varlaama Yasinskogo. Mukomana aikudzwa kwete chete kuziva asiwo hunoshamisa unyanzvi - a Snap ndangariro uye kunyatsoteerera. Barlaam kwakamubatsira kuenda kudzidza kunze.

Study kuPoland

Muna 1684, Stefan Jaworski akaenda Rzeczpospolita. Iye akadzidza vaJesuit muLviv uye Lublin, vakava Kunyatsoziva nezvekutsvakurudza Poznan uye Vilnius. VaKaturike akarikunda chete pashure majaya mudzidziri webasa akaenda kutenda Uniate. Gare gare chiito ichi paakatsoropodzwa nevanhu vaimushora ake uye vachirwara-wishers mu neChechi yeOrthodox yokuRussia. Zvichakadaro Uniates akava masayendisiti vakawanda vangada kuwana Western mumayunivhesiti uye mumaraibhurari. Pakati pavo paiva Somuenzaniso, Orthodox Epiphany Slavonetsky uye Innokentiy Gizel.

Study Yavorsky muna Commonwealth dzakaguma muna 1689. Iye akapiwa dhipuroma Western. Mumakore mashomanana muPoland zvaakadzidza webhaibheri ritorskomu, stihotvorcheskomu uye iwe dzouzivi. Panguva ino pakupedzisira akaumba nyika yake maonero, iro wakatsunga zvose nezveramangwana zviito uye zvisarudzo. Hapana mubvunzo kuti raiva Catholic wechechi yeRoma vakaroverera ake mboni anosimbirira utsinye kune maProtestenti, kuzorwa waakazoti achaita Russia.

Kudzokera Russia

Kudzokera Kiev, Stefan Jaworski zvasiya yeRoma. Veko Academy kurigamuchira mushure bvunzo. Barlaam Jasinski Yavorsky zano kutora yemamongi mirairo. Pakupedzisira, akabvuma, uye akava mumongi, vachitora zita Stephen. Pakutanga akanga ari ruzivo iri Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra. Kana akasarudzwa Metropolitan Barlaam, akabatsira protégé ake kuva mudzidzisi vitiystva uye zvinotaurwa nevezvematongerwe panguva Academy. Jaworski ari kukurumidza kuwana nzvimbo itsva. By 1691 akava mutariri, uyewo purofesa wouzivi uye zvechitendero.

Somudzidzisi Stefan Yavorsky, ane Biography aishamwaridzana Poland, akashandisa Latin madzidzisiro. "Dzinovaraidza" ake vaiva vaparidzi ramangwana uye hurumende vakuru vakuru. Asi mudzidzi mukuru akanga Feofan Prokopovich - yemberi mukuru anokumhan'arira Stefan Yavorsky mu neChechi yeOrthodox yokuRussia. Kunyange zvazvo gare gare mudzidzisi akapomerwa kuti akanga mukati masvingo Kiev Academy yokuparadzira dzidziso Catholic, tirades izvi kwakanga kusina pakwakavakirwa. Muparidzi hurukuro magwaro achiripo kusvikira nhasi, pane zvakawanda kurondedzerwa vaKristu Western zvikanganiso.

Pamwe nedzidziso uye zvidzidzo kudzidza pamusoro mabhuku Stefan Jaworski akashanda mukereke. Zvinozivikanwa kuti akaita mhemberero yewanano muzukuru Ivan Mazepa. Isati hondo pamwe yeSweden mupristi vakataura zvakanaka pamusoro hetman. Muna 1697, mufundisi akava abbot pa St. Nicholas Monastery murenje pedyo Kiev. Yaiva ropafadzo zvaireva kuti nokukurumidza kwakamirira Jaworski yemo. Panguva ino, akabatsira chaizvo Barlaam uye vakafamba nemirayiridzo yake kuMoscow.

zvisingatarisirwi

Muna January 1700 Stefan Yavorsky, vane Biography zvinogona vakagumisa kuti Er basa rakanga pedyo rakapinza dzokai, ndakaenda guru. Metropolitan Varlaam akamukumbira kuti kusangana Patriarch Adrian uye kuvanyengetedza kuti kusika mutsva Pereyaslavskaya chair. Messenger vaiita basa, asi nokukurumidza paiva chiitiko chisingatarisirwi kuti zvikurumidze kwakachinja upenyu hwake.

In guru, akafa wamambo uye uto mutungamiri Alyaksei Shein. Iye, pamwe chete muduku Peter I akatungamirira kubatwa pamusoro Azov, uye kunyange akava Russian generalissimo wokutanga. Moscow akafunga kuti eulogy kutaura ichangobva yakasvika Stefan Yavorsky. Dzidzo uye kukwanisa kuparidza murume akaonekwa munzira yakanakisisa pamwe huru vanokudzwa. Asi chinonyanya kukosha - Kiev muenzi yakati mambo, iyo zvikuru azadzwa achitsetsenura. Peter ndinoita kutokurudzira tateguru Adrian mutumwa Varlaam musoro zvimwe diocese haana kure Moscow. Stefan Yavorsky akaudzwa panguva kugara muguta guru. akanga nokukurumidza akabayira Metropolitan itsva Ryazan uye Murom. Kumirira nguva iye ijeke ari Donskoy wemamonk.

Metropolitan uye locum tenens

April 7, 1700 ari Metropolitan mutsva Ryazan aiva Stefan Jaworski. The bhishopu pakarepo akatora mabasa ake, uye mukusanzwisisa vemo mabasa chechi. Asi basa rake oga muna Ryazan akanga pfupi. Nechekare October 15 akafa akwegura uye kurwara Patriarch Adrian. Peter Ndakaenda Nadya Kurbatov akamuudza kuti kumirira nesananguro nomunhu. Asi, mambo akasimbisa mutsva pambiru locum tenens. Panzvimbo ino chipangamazano aida kuisa holmogorskogo Archbishop Athanasius. Petro akafunga kuti haana kuva locum tenens, uye Stefan Yavorsky. Mharidzo Kiev nhume muMoscow, akaendeswa pachinzvimbo chevatatu Metropolitan pamusoro Ryazan. Zvino isingasviki gore akasvetukira kuna okupedzisira Danho uye pamutemo akava munhu echechi yeRussian Orthodox yokutanga.

Rakanga riri meteoric simuka, yava zvichibvira Vongai anobudirira wemishonga ezvinhu uye Simba rerunziro rinozvarwa-makore 42 yezvechitendero. zvavakaita rava plaything mumaoko nezviremera. Peter aida kubvisa ari patriarchate sezvo nezvakwakaipira kupfungwa ehurumende. Akaronga kurongazve kereke uye pasi payo zvakananga madzimambo. The pachake zvinhu ichi chokutanga aingova tsika yacho locum tenens nzvimbo. Tichienzanisa tateguru, munhu chinzvimbo ichi vane zvikuru yakaderera simba. Kukura kwayo zvishoma uye inotongwa nechepakati Executive. Tikaziva kuti Petrine zvinhu, munhu anogona kufungidzira kuti pakugadzwa rinoreva munhu chero mutorwa uye nokuda Moscow kwakaita murume panzvimbo musoro wekereke nemaune uye chakanga chakafanorongwa.

Tingati rukudzo akatsvaka Stefan Yavorsky. Uniate Church, kuburikidza icho akapfuura achiri muduku, uye zvimwe zvinhu maonero ake aigona kukonzera kupesana guta paruzhinji. Appointee aisada guru njodzi uye aiziva kuti akanga kupfeka "vachiridzira" nzvimbo. Mukuwedzera, webhaibheri apotsa chizvarwa Little Russia, apo akanga shamwari zhinji uye vatsigiri. Asi wakaramba mambo, Chokwadi, asingagoni, saka, nokuzvininipisa akabvuma ake.

The pakurwisa dzidziso dzakatsauka

Changes vaisagutsikana zvose. Muscovites akadana Jaworski Cherkasov oblivantsem. The Patriarch kweJerusarema Dositheus akanyorera Russian chamber, kuti tirege kukurudzira zvichikwira vakaberekerwa vana Little Russia. Peter haana kubhadhara chinhu nezvenyevero iyi. Zvisinei Dosifej tsamba ruregerero, iyo munyori pachake akanga Stefan Jaworski. Hiakindi zvakanga zvakajeka. Tateguru haana kufunga Kievan "zvikuru vakirisito" nemhaka yaro refu-vakamira pamwe chete vaKaturike vaJesuit. Pindura Dosifeya Stefan haana conciliatory. mutsivi wake Chrysanthos chete kudzimika pamwe locum tenens.

The dambudziko yokutanga izvo Stefan Yavorsky aifanira kutarisana nenzira itsva nzira, waiva mubvunzo pamusoro Old Vatendi. Panguva ino, vanhu vaipikisa vakanga vachiparadzira mapepa muMoscow, apo guru Russian yainzi Bhabhironi, uye Petro - kwaAntikristu. The murongi chiitiko ichi yazova akakurumbira knigopisets Gregory Talitskii. Metropolitan Stefan Jaworski (Ryazan Department akagara zvaaipomera) akaedza akakuvadza kwezvematongerwe vabvume. gakava Izvi zvakaita kuti chokwadi kuti kunyange kubudiswa bhuku rake, yakatsaurirwa kuna zviratidzo kuuya kwaAntikristu. Basa pachena kukanganisa schismatics vavo bata akatendeka mafungiro.

Stefan Yavorsky vavengi

Kuwedzera Old Vatendi uye vemanyepo kacho, locum tenens akanga mvumo yokusarudza vaida kugadzwa kuti shama dioceses. mazita ake atariswa uye vakatenderana namambo. Chete pashure tendero yake yasarudzwa munhu akanzwisisa pachinzvimbo chevatatu Metropolitan. Peter akasika zviyero shoma kuti yekudyidzana rinongotaura locum tenens. Chekutanga, raiva okugadza the Church - musangano mabhishopi. Vakawanda vavo havana puppets Yavorsky, uye vamwe vaiva vavengi vake zvakananga. Saka, akanga mumwe nguva adzivirire pfungwa yake maonero ari yakavhurika kunetsana nevamwe hierarchs chechi. Kutaura chokwadi locum tenens rakanga chete wokutanga pakati kuenzana, saka hurumende yake aisagona kuenda chero tichienzanisa chete masimba evaIsraeri.

Chechipiri, Peter ndakawedzera zvinoitwa Monastery Bureau, musoro vaakaisa wamambo vake vakatendeka Ivan Musin-Pushkin. Murume uyu akaiswa somubatsiri uye shamwari locum tenens, asi mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, apo mambo zvakafanira, iye akava rakananga mukuru.

Chechitatu, muna 1711 yaimbova Boyar Duma pakupedzisira ichiputswa uye akaonekwa panzvimbo yayo Dare Seneti. mitemo yake nokuti Chechi kuenzaniswa mambo. Yaiva ropafadzo weSeneti kuona kuti candidacy pamusoro nzira dzataurwa nokuda locum tenens, nzvimbo bhishopu. Peter, vari kuramba kukwezverwa dzavatorwa nomutemo uye kuvaka St. Petersburg, akapa utariri kereke uye hurumende mumuchina zvino kupindira chete sezvo chokupedzisira.

Case Lutheran Tveritinova

Muna 1714 makanga iyo akawedzera zvikuru chigadziko nedivi izvo kwaiva vezvematongerwo uye Stefan Yavorsky munhu wokupomera. Photos haripo, asi kunyange pasina kwavari, vanyori vezvakaitika ano vakakwanisa kudzorera mufananidzo German kugarwa, kunyanya vaizvambarara pasi Peter I. In nayo akararama vatorwa vatengesi, navavezi vashanyi kunyanya kubva kuGermany. Vose vaiva vaLutheran kana nevaPurotesitendi. Nyanzvi Western Izvi vakatanga kupararira pakati pavagere Orthodox kuMoscow.

Kunyanya kushingaira mutsigiri Lutheranism vakava freethinking chiremba Tveritinov. Stefan Jaworski, ane kutendeuka pamberi chechi yaiva makore mazhinji apfuura, akarangarira Makore andakapedza pedyo vaKaturike vaJesuit. Vakanyatsondidzidzisa mumwe locum tenens nezvavasingadi kuti vaPurotesitendi. Ryazan Metropolitan vakatanga kutambudzwa vaLutheran. Tveritinov akatizira St. Petersburg, apo akawana vaichengetedza uye mudziviriri weSeneti pakati vatsoropodzi Yavorsky. chirevo wakabudiswa, maererano izvo locum tenens chaiva kukanganwira vaipomerwa sevapanduki. Musoro wekereke, iyo kazhinji kudzimika nehurumende, nguva ino haana kuda bvumidza. Akatsvaka kuti patronage zvakananga kuna mambo. Peter haana kufanana yose nyaya kutambudzwa vaLutheran. wokutanga kurwisana chakakomba rakamuka pakati pake uye Yavorsky.

Zvichakadai, locum tenens akasarudza kuratidza kutsoropodzwa ravo Protestantism uye Orthodoxy maonero ari oga rondedzero. Saka, iye nokukurumidza akanyora bhuku rake dzakakurumbira "Ibwe kutenda." Stefan Yavorsky mubasa iri akatungamirira zvavaisiita mharidzo pamusoro kukosha kuchengetedza akare nheyo kuchinja Chechi yeOrthodox. Panguva iyoyowo akashandisa zvinotaurwa nevezvematongerwe chakanga nevakawanda panguva yeRoma. Bhuku yakazadzwa kuramba Reformation, iyo zvino nesimba muGermany. pfungwa idzi uye kutsigira yeRoma ugari German.

The kunetsana namambo

Nyaya Lutheran Tveritinov akava kusingafadzi bhero, zvichiratidza ukama chechi uye mamiriro, akatora pakatarisana nzvimbo pamusoro nevaPurotesitendi. Zvisinei, hondo pakati pavo kwakanga zvikuru hwakadzama uye ari chete wakashamira pamusoro nguva. Iye kwakawedzera apo anobudiswa rondedzero "paDombo Faith". Stefan Yavorsky pamwe bhuku rino aiedza kudzivirira kuchinja nzvimbo yavo. Vakuru vakarambidza bhuku rayo.

Zvichakadai, Peter akatamira munyika guru St. Petersburg. Zvishoma nezvishoma vakatamira ikoko machinda ose. Locum Tenens Metropolitan pamusoro Ryazan uye Stefan Yavorsky akaramba muMoscow. Muna 1718, Mambo akarayira kuti aende St. Petersburg kutanga kushanda guru idzva. Izvi zvakakonzera Kusagutsikana Stephen. King akadambura paanopikiswa uye haana kubvuma. Zvadaro akaronga kudiwa Board Spiritual.

Kuwanikwa yake basa racho basa kugadzira Feofan Prokopovich - old mudzidzi Stefana Yavorskogo. Locum Tenens haana kubvumirana pfungwa ake prolyuteranskimi. Uyewo 1718, Peter akatanga kutumidza Bishop Theophan muPskov. Akatanga akawana simba chairo. Akaedza vanoshora Stefan Yavorsky. Kupfidza uye kubiridzira ari locum tenens vaiva nyaya hurukuro uye makuhwa, dzinoparadzirwa vose misoro. Vanomudzvovera zvakagadzirwa vakuru vakawanda vane vakaita basa pana Petro nevaiva vatsigiri kosi pakuteerera kuchechi wehurumende. Naizvozvo, Metropolitan pamusoro Ryazan akaedza blacken mukurumbira nzira dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira achirangarira kubatana vake makatorike munguva zvidzidzo zvavo muPoland.

Basa paitongwa Tsarevich Alexei

Zvichakadai, Peter aifanira kugadzirisa imwe kunetsana - nguva ino mhuri. mwanakomana wake wenhaka, Alexei haana kubvumirana mutemo baba vake, uye pakupedzisira, akatizira kuAustria. Akanga kumusha kwake. Muna May 1718, Peter akarayira Stefan Yavorsky kuuya St. Petersburg kumiririra kuchechi yavasina muchinda inopandukira.

Zvakanga runyerekupe kuti locum tenens tsitsi pamwe Alexei uye kunyange vachikurukura naye. Zvisinei, hapana muvhidhiyo hweizvi. Ukuwo, zvinozivikanwa kuti muchinda haana kufanana nechechi itsva wokuti baba vake, uye iye akanga vatsigiri vazhinji pakati nevafundisi kuchinja muMoscow. Panguva kutongwa, Metropolitan pamusoro Ryazan aiedza kudzivirira vapristi izvi. Vazhinji vavo pamwechete muchinda akapomerwa hurumende uye akaurayiwa. Stefan Yavorsky kupesvedzera chisarudzo Peter haana kukwanisa. Locum Tenens varidzi kuvigwa basa Alexei zvinoshamisa akafa yake mujeri muchitokisi pamusoro avaida kuuraya.

Mushure paakasika Revafundisi

Makore mashomanana akanga kudzidza bhiri iri kugadzwa Spiritual Board. Somugumisiro, yakasvika pakuzivikanwa se Mutsvene Dare Revafundisi. Muna January 1721 Peter akasaina Manifesto pamusoro pokugadzwa simba zvakakodzera kuti kutonga kereke. The richangobva kusarudzwa Nhengo Revafundisi vakanga kudzidzinga mhiko, uye muna February, mavambo pakagadzwa basa zvachose. The Patriarchate akanga pamutemo akadzima uye akasiya kare.

Pamutemo akaisa Peter ari musoro Revafundisi pakati Stefan Yavorsky. Iye aipikisa kupfungwa itsva, tichifunga paro Yasashii chechi. Haana kumbova kumisangano Revafundisi, uye kusaina pepa wakabudiswa muviri ichi. In basa Russian wehurumende Stefan Yavorsky akaona pachake ari yakasiyana chaizvo kukwanisa. Asi Petro akaramba vakamurova chiso nzvimbo chete kuratidza chamazuva ose wevakadzidza nesangano patriarchate, mestoblyustitelstva uye Revafundisi.

Ari yepamusorosoro madenderedzwa vakaramba vachiparadzira okushora, izvo anenge Stefan Yavorsky. Of kubiridzirwa pakuvaka wemamongi Nijinsky nemamwe anonyengera manomano zvakabatanidzwa Metropolitan pamusoro Ryazan ndimi zvakaipa. Akatanga kugara mamiriro yaipfuurira kunetseka kuti rinoitei yekudyidzana utano. Stefan Jaworski akafa musi December 8, 1722 muMoscow. Aiva makore locum tenens of Chigaro chaBhishopi munhoroondo Russian okutanga nookupedzisira. Pashure porufu rwake akatanga maviri emakore ari Russian nguva apo mamiriro akaita ayo chikamu chechi muboka revatungamiriri.

Njodzi "paDombo Faith"

Sezvineiwo, bhuku rinonzi "paDombo Faith" (munyori musoro basa locum tenens) yakabudiswa muna 1728 apo iye naPetro vaiva atova muguva. Basa, kutsoropodza Protestantism, akabudirira chinoshamisa. Magazini yake yokutanga nokukurumidza kutengeswa kunze. Gare gare, bhuku rave republished kakawanda. Apo, paitonga Anna Ivanovna nesimba aiva mugove vaaida, German Lutheran, "paDombo Faith" rakarambidzwa zvakare.

Basa harisi chete kutsoropodza of Protestantism, asi, zvakakosha, zvakanga zvakanakisisa panguva iyoyo, imwe hurongwa kwamagwaro Kutenda Orthodox. Stefan Jaworski akasimbisa nzvimbo avo umo zvakanga zvakasiyana Lutheranism. The yekutanga chakatsaurirwa kune zvinoera, mifananidzo, uye sakaramendi yeChidyo, tsika chitsvene, kuzorwa Vatsauki, uye zvichingodaro. D. Apo chechiJudha bato pakupedzisira nesimba pasi Elizabeth, "paDombo Faith" akava chikuru zvouMwari Russian basa Church uye akaramba saka yose XVIII remakore .