Ndiani nomuchinda? Meaning of shoko. Ndiani munguva dzekare yainzi machinda?

Zvino kashoma kuti mumwe munhu anzwa mumwe munhu adanwa nomuchinda, ruzivo kushamiswa. Ungangove, vanhu vachange kufunga zvakaipa nezviito zvomunhu, uye mhosva. Asi pane nguva apo vachishuva kuva nomuchinda, kukudza sechipiriso nokukudzwa kukuru. Ndiani aiva nomuchinda? Ko shoko iri iye zvino, uye kuti zvairevei pamberi?

Mabviro ezwi rokuti

Nezvekwakabva shoko rokuti "nomuchinda" ane kududzira dzakawanda. MuchiGiriki chekare, zvishoma rakasiyana ano, «σατράπης» - uyu munhu akapfuma, mubati mutongi muPezhiya. Chii kuziva, muGirisi uye ikozvino vamwe vabereki vanopa vana vavo zita Satrapis. Saizvozvowo shoko mumutauro Iranian. Ikoko unonakidza akaita khshatrapâ. The nevaPezhiya vekare xšaθrapāvan (kshathrapavan) ine mashoko maviri - «kshathra», kureva umambo, uye «Pavan», kureva mudziviriri ... Zvakaratidza, nomuchinda mu Old - mudziviriri youmambo. Pane imwe tsananguro nokuda kujairika, chii anoita shoko "nomuchinda". Sanskrit mudzi "akagara" - hwakanaka ichi, zvose muviri, kuvapo, uye mune zvimwewo mupfungwa - chokwadi, chiedza, kuti kubva izvo upenyu yakavepo. "Ra" - zvinobatsira. Muchiitiko chino, Sat-Ra-P chichange zvichishandurwa se "chokwadi nechiedza tsika".

Machinda namachinda

Kupindura mubvunzo pamusoro ndiani ari nomuchinda, unofanira kufunga Persia yekare. Izvi mamiriro kamwe kwazvo simba yava kunzi Iran. On the 558 fung kusvika 330 fung gore BC, nyika yaitongwa neDare Achaemenids. Vane mbiri nokuda militancy kwavo, kazhinji akarwisa pedyo inoti uye akakwanisa kukunda vazhinji. Media, Lydia, BACTRIA, Nubia, Colchis, muThrace, uye vamwe vazhinji vakava nhengo hwePezhiya. Chokwadi, dzitarisire akadaro yakakura mumwe munhu, kunyange simba, zvakanga zvakaoma. Saka, Darius I, uyo akatonga panguva, akatanga gadziriro itsva utungamiriri. Nharaunda yose nyika, iye rakakamurwa kumatunhu - satrapies, chimwe nechimwe rave zvakakwana vanosungirwa kumubhadhara mutero. Aitungamirira kuunganidzwa kwemari mutero uye kuchengetedza hurongwa mundima avakapiwa machinda. Zviri pachena kuti vakanga anoremekedzwa chaizvo vanhu, okutanga pashure mambo.

Rights uye mabasa machinda

Iva nomuchinda mumazuva iwayo kwainzi chikuru nyasha uye rakabudirira. Ndakagadza kuti chinzvimbo ichi vari munhu, Darius I, nokuda kusarudza musarudzo pakati pehama dzavo kana mhuri nhengo mudare kwamachinda. The yasarudzwa tenda vamwari kuti, sezvo iye zvino satrapy kwake kuteerera chaizvoizvo zvose kubva wokupedzisira muranda chemhando yepamutemo. Nomuchinda aidzora kuunganidzwa kwemitero, kuongorora zviri wehondo, mutongi mukuru akataura, kureva vaiva nekodzero acharanga uye ruregerero. Iye kunyange aigona chemindi mari. Kana tikafunga kuti zvemukati kana kwokunze namabasa amambo satrapies haana kupindira, kunyange kubvumira kuti kurwisa mumwe, tinogona kunzwisisa chii nomuchinda, uye ndiani yake pasi. Chinhu bedzi zvishoma simba rake - dzeumambo mapoka, pasi chete kuna mambo. Izvi zvakaitwa kuti machinda usaedza kutsvaka rusununguko huzere satrapies ayo. In tsika, ari mapoka avarwi utariri vakaudza chevaux kuti machinda, uye ivo, akavapindurawo, ravarwi utungamiri. Saka mambo uye aitarisira mabasa nevamwe.

Satrapy pasi kurema sabvumika ugororo

Mitero zvavakatemerwa ne Dhariusi I, mutoro unorema dzakawira pamafudzi vakakunda vanhu. nyika yakaorera kuvatorera uye mumaoko kwamachinda Persian, risina mutero. All vamwe vaifanira kugara kupa mambo zvachose wakaiswa mari, dzaona maererano wembereko uye kukosha panyika yavo. Mitero kuzviuru kunyange mumachechi. isu vakazotanga kuunganidza mutero sirivha. nhamba yake zvachose yakanyorwa. machinda avo ari ane ndima hakuna zvimbambaira sirivha, vaifanira kutenga inokosha simbi. With ichi mufambiro remabasa wehurumende vakakunda kazhinji yakamukira. Rinonyatsooneka kumukira kwakaitika muna 373 BC, kana mambo akandorwa nzvimbo dzinoverengeka. Vakanga rinotsigirwa nevaIjipiti uye navaGiriki. Atashasta II, ipapo Persia, akakwanisa vanomisa kupandukira chete muna 359 gore. Chokwadi ichi chenhoroondo zvakakwana anotsanangura nomuchinda, uye simba guru akagarwa vanhu panzvimbo ino.

The yakakurumbira nomuchinda wePezhiya

Zvino kune chikwata vanoziva kuti nomuchinda Harpagos. Asi ichi ndicho mubati mambo, izvo pane inonzi uchapupu wokutanga. Uyu murume akanyora Herodotus, zita rake riri anotaurwa ngano, uye nyaya yake akava renyaya dzinotevedzana nyaya naPauro Anders "patrol nguva". Harpagos, mubasa ramambo Astyages, akarayirwa kuuraya achangoberekwa mwanakomana Mandana, mwanasikana wamambo avaMedhi. The Oracle akafanotaura kuti mwana uyu aizova mutongi wenyika, uye Astyages vakaedza nharo mugumo. Harpagos, kwete kuda pachavo vanoita vachangozvarwa, akapa mbudzana mufudzi ainzi Mithridates. Akauya kumusha. Mithridates mudzimai chete akapona akafa mwana, uye kuti akarima pachinzvimbo mambo uye muchinda akaitora. mwana akafa Mithridates vakatora Harpagos, uyo akaudza mambo pamusoro Implementation ari hurongwa. Saka, mwana, uyo gare gare Koreshi Mukuru, achiri mupenyu. Gare gare, Astyages akaziva unyengeri sechirango chokusateerera zvokudya Harpagos nyama pachake mwanakomana wake. Harpagos utsinye kutsiva nokuda kutungamirira kupandukira mambo uye kumubvisa pachigaro.

Other nomukurumbira machinda

Mumwe nomuchinda, uyo akasiya chinokosha chiratidzo munhau - Orontes I. About iye akanyora Plutarch, Demosthenes, Diodorus nevamwe. Orontes Ndaiva nomuchinda pakati Armenia. kakawanda akamutsa vanhu kupandukira mambo, vakatsvaka rusununguko Armenia, akarwa namambo Cyprus. Zita rake raiva murwizi, ikozvino inonzi Typhon. Uyezve, I ndiye Orontes Orontes II chizvarwa sekuru, kubva kuberekwa Orontidov kuArmenia.

Ekuzora achiri nomuchinda akatonga muKirikia, Siriya, nyika muIsraeri uye Rebhanoni. Gare gare muna satrapy yake yakatora Macedonia. Apo Persia yakakunda Aleksandr Makedonsky, nezvizoro aiva nomuchinda weBhabhironi. Akapa vaRoma guta pasina kurwa, nokuti raasina chete vakagarapo nokuda chete nzvimbo, asi kubva Aleksandra Makedonskogo mvumo kudhinda pachake tumari zvayo, izvo zvave kunyimwa zvimwe machinda. The chinangwa zvino dzimwe nguva zvichishandurwa sezvo vatungamiriri inoti iyo dzinobva munyika zvikuru simba nyika.

Machinda tsarist Russia

Machinda vekare yainzi vachengeti ari mamiriro. Zvishoma nezvishoma, shoko yaita anofanana. Ungangove, nomuenzaniso rwekare Persian nemagavhuna youmambo, uchatumbura kure vanhu nemitero, pasinei kuteterera kana kuti misodzi, machinda vakatanga kudana Vateresi tsarist Russia. Gare gare izwi yaiiswa zvose voruzhinji, magavhuna uye navakuru, haina kuenzana. Mumwe wavo - Arakcheev. Akaburuka munhau somunhu zvikuru tsitsi warlord, kunotambudza varwi vanochera, Fruntov uye koporo kurangwa. Paiva mutsva utsinye izwi - Arakcheyev. In Persia yekare, sezvo asina ose akasiyana machinda vaizviita nemafungiro. Pane uchapupu, sezvo kuuraya Mambo Dhariyasi III. Aiva nomuchinda pakati Armenia, asi tichifunga kuti kwakanga kusina munhu aigona kumuita nyika Board, akatora Imperial choushe. Kuburikidza kukwana 6 makore akanga atengeswa uye noutsinye mamwe machinda. Zvaakanga rakarongwa rangano, vakabata Darius III, ndokukuvadza zhinji maronda mapfumo uye vakasiya kufa mumugwagwa. Hazvina zvinoshamisa kuti mutungamiri unoranganawo ainzi Bess.

machinda modernity

Pashure tsitsi mabhosi Tsarist Russia Machinda akatanga achidana Bolsheviks vakanga vakatakura kunze udzvanyiriri kuzorwa vagari vakapfuma, uyo akapfura mhuri youmambo, kunyange vana. Akadana machinda ose Stalin, Beria, Hitler, vose vaya vakazvipira uye ari vanopara mhosva pamusoro pavanhu. Shoko iri rinoshandiswa mabhuku. Somuenzaniso, munguva ichangopfuura paiva idzva journalistic yokufungidzira Y. Udovenko "machinda Satani," apo munyori rinorondedzera zviitiko ndeyechokwadi kuvanza mhosva dzakasiyana machinda pakudana Russia, achitora soro nzvimbo wehurumende simba. Rimwe bhuku - "Mwanakomana nomuchinda" - rakanyorwa Anri Truayya. zano rayo inobva netsamba nemunyori achiri muduku.