Nyaya gore uye vanhu BC. World Map BC

Historical dzenguva sezvazvakanyorwa kuzivikanwa, rakakamurwa mbiri nguva. Pakutanga, paiva nguva kuti vakararama inonzi Danho BC. It rinopera kutanga rokutanga gore. Panguva ino, era yedu yakatanga, izvo kusvikira nhasi uye kwazvinogumira. Uye kunyange nhasi, achidana gore, vanhu havafaniri kutaura 'n. E. "Kunyange zvakadaro, zviri kunanga.

The makarenda yokutanga

Muitiro yemhindumupindu kwevanhu wakasika kudiwa streamline zuva uye nguva. Varimi Ancient vaifanira kuva yakarurama sezvinobvira kuziva chii nguva zviri nani kudyara mwene muArabhu - apo kutamira kune dzimwe nzvimbo, panguva kuitira mombe dzavo zvokudya.

Saka akatanga kuonekwa makarenda yokutanga chaizvo. Uye vakanga yakavakirwa zvaanorumbidza yemiviri zvomuchadenga uye hunhu. Siyana vanhu ikoko vakanga zvakasiyana nguva makarenda. Somuenzaniso, vaRoma vakanga muronga kwavo pakuvambwa Rome - 753 BC, apo vaEgipita - kubva pakutanga nguva bhodhi rimwe nerimwe Dynasties Farao. Gadzira makarenda dzavo uye nezvitendero zvakawanda. Somuenzaniso, muna chiIslam, kwenguva itsva kunotanga gore apo muprofita Muhammad akaberekwa.

Julian uye Gregorian makarenda

Muna 45 BC, Julius Caesar nheyo pakarenda yake. Zvakatanga gore rokutanga January uye yakatora gumi mwedzi. karenda ichi anonzi Julian.

Mumwe kuti tinoshandisa nhasi, wakatangwa muna 1582 naPapa Gregory nemiviri. Akakwanisa kubvisa zvimwe zvinokosha kusabvumirana kuti vaunganidza pakutanga Ecumenical kanzuru. Panguva iyoyo, vakanga mazuva sezvinongoitawo gumi. Musiyano Julian uye Gregorian makarenda kunowedzera munenge zuva rimwe nerimwe remakore, uye nhasi atova mazuva gumi.

Munhoroondo muronga agara pabasa guru basa. Handiti, zvakakosha, pane nguva paiva chiitiko chinokosha muupenyu vanhu, kana kuti kusika zvokushandisa yokutanga basa, kana kutanga War Makore Zana '. Zvinonzi kare pasina misi akafanana pamasvomhu pasina nhamba.

The echitendero chimiro dzenguva

Kubva munguva yedu rinowanikwa kubva gore vaiona zuva yokuberekwa kwaJesu, chitendero musiyano wezvinyorwa kazhinji akashandisa runoenzanirana kupinda kubva kuberekwa kwaKristu pamberi pake. Kusvikira ikozvino, pane zvachose yechokwadi yezvakaitika kare mashoko pamusoro apo upenyu panyika kukaonekwa. Zvinonzi chete papfungwa dzechitendero uye nhoroondo zvicherwa zvakawanwa, masayendisiti anogona vafunga pamusoro apo chinhu chakaitika kana pamusoro zvimwe zviitiko. Panguva iyoyowo BC akanyorwa nenguva nekwekupedzesera.

gore rinonzi zero

Taurai chikamu pakati nguva vasati uye pashure Kristu chokuita kukarukureta kuti vakanyoresa zviri kudenga akaita maererano nenhamba integers pamusoro rinoronga akabatana. Gore razero hazvitombobvumidzwi kushandisa chero echitendero kana enyika ukanyora. Asi zvakajairika kwazvo muchadenga kurekodha uye ISO 8601 - International Standard, wakabudiswa sangano akadai International Organization for Standardization. Rinotsanangura pamanyorerwo yemichindwe nguva, uyewo kurumbidza kuti chikumbiro chavo mune dzakawanda chechinyorwa.

verenga

Pfungwa yokuti "BC" akamuka kupararira yayo muronga pashure kurishandisa seane uchenjeri Bede - a Benedictine mumongi. Iye akanyora nezvake rimwe akadhindwa ake. Uye kubva makore 731 nguva kukarukureta yakakamurwa nguva zviviri: Kristu asati uye pashure. Zvishoma nezvishoma, anenge zvose kunyika muWestern Europe vakatanga zvakaitika pakarenda iyi. The kupfuura achangopfuura aya aiva Portugal. Zvino 22 August, 1422. Russia kutangira January 1700 akashandisa anotevedzana calculus Constantinople yaitonga. Pokutangira echiKristu nguva "pakusikwa kwenyika" yakanga vakabvuma kwairi. Kazhinji, nhamba pakati "mazuva pakusikwa kwenyika" uye nguva yose zvayo rakaratidzwa vakaradzikwa hwaro eras zhinji. Asi Constantinople akasikwa kushandisa Constance, uye Muronga akanga akatakurwa kubva September 5509 BC. Zvisinei, sezvo Kesari haana "kunoenderana muKristu," zita rake, uye panguva imwecheteyo vaiumba Countdown, ambotaurwa vasingadi.

Prehistoric uye nenhoroondo panguva

History - a prehistoric uye rinokosha nguva. Wokutanga rinotanga pakuonekwa murume wokutanga, uye inoguma kana norunyoro akaonekwa. Prehistoric ichikosha rakakamurwa wandei nguva. Hwaro kupatsanura yavo zvicherwa zvematongo. Zvinhu umo vanhu BC kuti maturusi, imwe nguva apo vaishandisa navo, vakaumba hwaro vachivakazve kwete chete nguva, asi mazita nzendo prehistory.

Nhoroondo nguva rine yatinenge Antiquity neMiddle Ages, uyewo ano uye panguva nguva. Munyika dzakasiyana, vakarwisa panguva dzakasiyana, saka masayendisiti havagoni kuziva timeframe yavo chaiyo.

Kutanga munguva yedu

Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti munguva itsva pakutanga haana kuverenga chinoramba readout makore Somuenzaniso, kubvira pakutanga kwegore kusvikira, muti, aripo. Nguva yaro yakatanga zvikuru gare gare, pamwe waichengetwa Wokuzvarwa. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti rokutanga yayo dzaona mumongi weRoma ainzi Dhionisio Exiguus muzana remakore rechitanhatu, kureva, pashure pemakore anopfuura mazana mashanu zviitiko yazvakanyorwa. Kuti tiwane mugumisiro, Dhionisio kutanga kuverengerwa musi kumuka kwaKristu, yakavakirwa tsika Chechi kuti Mwanakomana waMwari pamuchinjikwa pamusoro gore upenyu matatu okutanga.

Musi pakumuka kwake, maererano Roman mumongi - ichi March 25 5539 gore okutsiva "kuna Adhamu" uye gore kuzvarwa kwaKristu, saka, aiva 5508 ndipo kune Byzantine yaitonga. Zvinofanira akati kuti kuverenga pamusoro Dhionisio kusvikira remakore rechigumi nemashanu, akamutsa nechokwadi kuMadokero. Pacharo, iro Byzantine Empire uye havana kuziva dzakafuridzirwa.

History of BC

Kubva rechinomwe chiuru chemakore chechitatu BC, nyika yaiva Nguva neolithic - nguva kuchinja appropriating siyana upfumi, kureva kuvhima uye kuunganidzwa, kuti urwu - kurima uye mhuka minda. Panguva iyoyo kwaiva kugadzira, kukuya ibwe maturusi uye zviumbwa.

End of wechina - pakutanga Muchiuru chemakore chokutanga BC: panyika anotonga Bronze Age. Anotambanudzira simbi uye ndarira zvombo, pane anongofamba pastoralists. Bronze Age akapa nzira Iron. Panguva iyoyo, Egypt yaitongwa rokutanga uye rechipiri Dynasties, kubatanidza nyika iri rimwe centralized mamiriro.

Mumakore 2850-2450 BC. e. Zvakatanga upfumi kupora ari Sumerian budiriro. Kubva 2800 kusvika 1100 ari rinobuda yokutanga reAegean, kana tsika Greece yekare. Inenge panguva, India yakatanga muna Indus Valley nebudiriro, akacherechedza soro maruva kuti Troy umambo.

Around 1190 BC. e. vakadonha muHiti umambo simba. Pashure anenge makumi mana Elamite mambo yakakunda weBhabhironi, akasvika ichatonga zvine mbiri simba rake.

Mumakore 1126-1105 BC. e. akasvika pakutonga mambo Nebhukadhinezari weBhabhironi. Mugore 331-M kuCaucasus akaumba wokutanga mamiriro. Mugore 327 BC. e. wakaitwa Indian kambani Aleksandra Makedonskogo. In iyi paiva yakawanda zviitiko, kusanganisira muranda vachimupandukira Sisiri ari omubatanidzwa hondo Mithridatic War, danidziro Mako Antony pamusoro nevaParthia, ushe Emperor Augustus.

Pakupedzisira, pakati pamakore rechisere uye chechina BC Kristu akazvarwa.

enguva itsva

marudzi akasiyana yokuti nguva aigara dzisakarurama. Mumwe mamiriro rwakapedza dambudziko pachavo, apo kutungamirirwa vavariro vose vezvitendero uye vezvematongerwo enyika. Uye chete kune namapfumbamwe remakore zvose inoti vechiKristu akasimbisa vakawanda bhuku pfungwa rinoshandiswa nanhasi pasi nezita "nguva yedu". Calendar vaMaya yekare, Byzantine nguva, mukarenda rechiHebheru Chinese - vose vaiva zuva ravo zvakasikwa.

Somuenzaniso, mukarenda Japanese akatanga muna 660 BC uye yoku- pashure neimwe rufu mambo. WechiBuddha nguva nokukurumidza kupinda gore 2484, uye karenda pamusoro Hindi - muna 2080. VaAztec dzifambirane dzavo nguva karenda muna 1454, pashure pokufa uye kuberekwazve kwezuva. Naizvozvo, kana budiriro yavo haina akarasika, nokuti ivo nhasi angadai makore 546 chete kwenguva itsva ...

mepu Ancient hwenyika

BC vafambi vaivawo kufarira munyika uye vari vanodhirowa pamusoro pakutengeserana dzavo. Vakachinjira navo nemakwati, jecha, kana nenhokwe. Mepu dzenyika pakutanga akazviratidza kuti zviuru zvemakore zvakawanda BC. Kuti bako Mifananidzo vava vamwe vokutanga mifananidzo. Nepo vanhu scouting nyika, vakanga kufarira yekare mepu zvekare eras. Vamwe vavo kumiririra nyika yedu sezvo chitsuwa chakakura lapped nenyanza, ndiko rumwe kare zvinogoneka kuona hurukuro yacho makondinendi.

Babel mepu

The mepu wokutanga chaizvo vakasikwa BC, paiva diki Hwendefa inowanikwa Mesopotamia. Mikoko pamugumo worusere - mavambo emakore rechinomwe asati auya yedu uye ndiyo chete hwakawanda huripo kubva vaBhabhironi. The Earth akapoteredzwa mumakungwa pairi, inonzi "munyu mvura". Nokuti mvura - zvokuridza, zvichiratidza pachena makomo kunyika kure.

mepu iyi inoratidza mamiriro Urartu (Armenia ano), Asiria (Iraq), Eramu (Iran) uye Bhabhironi pacharo, iro kunoitika pakati Yufratesi.

Map of Eratosthenes

Kunyange vaGiriki vekare vaiva Earth bhora uye chaizvo Washington nharo nayo. Achibvuma pfungwa yaPythagoras Somuenzaniso, akati kuti zvinhu zvose maererano zvakasikwa, uye vakawanda akakwana chimiro nayo - bhora, iyo pane nyika. Mepu yokutanga, rakanyorwa inobva mufananidzo Nyika ndohwavo Eratosthenes. Akararama muzana remakore rechitatu BC muna weKurini. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti musayendisiti uyo akatungamirira Library wokuAlexandria, uye akauya aine izwi akadai "jogirafi". Yaiva nguva yokutanga ane BC raschertil nyika kufanana meridians, uye akavati "vanoenda pamwe" kana "masikati," mitsetse. World Eratosthenes aiva mumwe chitsuwa kuti kumuganhu North Atlantic Ocean kubva kumusoro uye pasi. Rakanga rakakamurwa Europe, uye Ariana Arabia, India, uye cheScythia. Zasi, kwakanga Taprobane - pari kuCeylon.

Muchiitiko chino, Eratosthenes aiita kurarama mamwe hemisphere, "antipodes", pazviri pasingabviri kuti asvike. Pashure pezvose, vanhu zvino, kusanganisira vaGiriki vekare vaifunga kuti pane neequator saka inopisa kuti gungwa rakanga chipatapata, uye zvipenyu zvose apise. Asiwo, pane matanda inotonhora zvikuru, uye pane chinopukunyuka hapana.

Ptolemy kuti mepu

Kwemazana emakore anoverengeka, chikuru vaiona neimwe nyika mepu. Rakanga rakanyorwa nevanhu vekare nyanzvi yechiGiriki Claudius Ptolemy. Umbwa anenge makore zana namakumi mashanu BC, zvakanga chikamu vosmitomnika "Guide kuna Geography".

In Ptolemeya Aziya rwaigara nzvimbo kubva North Pole kusvika neequator, displacing nePacific Ocean, apo Africa zvakanaka runoyerera kupinda terra incognita, achitora yose South Pole. Kuchamhembe cheScythia aiva ngano Hyperborea, uye pamusoro America kana Australia haana kutaura chinhu. Tinoonga mepu iri, Columbus akatanga kusvika India kuburikidza nechikepe kumavirira panguva iyoyowo. Uye kunyange pashure kuwanikwa America kwenguva yakati vakaramba kushandisa mepu kubva Ptolemy.