Chii emauto hondo? Nhoroondo Russian emauto

Maiva mhando okupedzisira unokosha mauto akagura tsoka mauto akaita banga kuburikidza ruomba. Chero emauto hondo akakwanisa kurwisa kagumi mukuru ehondo muvengi netsoka, sezvo ane maneuverability, mufambo uye mano kuti nokukurumidza uye simba kurwisa. The emauto anokwanisa kurwa voga kubva vamwe mauto kwete chete, zvinogona madaro marefu munguva pfupi zvikuru nguva, dzinowanikwa neshure uye pachiuno nomuvengi. Vamabhiza vaizokurumidza vatendeuke uye vaironga kuunganazve zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu, kuchinja mhando chiito chimwe, kureva varume vaigona kurwa, uye netsoka, uye mabhiza. Dambudziko riri kugadziriswa zvose siyana kuhondo mamiriro - uye tactical, uye kushanda uye zvine urongwa.

kupatsanura vamabhiza

Kungofanana ari Russian inifanduri, ipapo yavapo mapoka matatu. Light aifamba nemabhiza (hussars uye lancers, uye muna 1867 vakanga vakabatana Cossacks) zvakanzi rakagadzirirwa ushori uye chikwata basa. Linear dragoons wakatangwa - pakutanga vakadaidzwa makava, apo vaifamba akanga achangobva kupfeka mabhiza. Naizvozvo, rakava zita emauto, izvo zvinogona kuita netsoka. Special kubwinya dragoons yawana pasi Peter Mukuru. Wechitatu boka vamabhiza - nguva dzose (mushanduro - zvakaipa) uye rinorema - uye yaisanganisira Cossack Kalmucks uye cuirassiers akapakata zvombo vakange vanatenzi serried kurwisa.

Mune dzimwe nyika, asi vatasvi vemabhiza yakakamurwa nyore iri nyore, svikiro uye rinorema, izvo zvaienderana achinyanya kurema bhiza. Easy - bhiza huntsman, lancers, hussars (bhiza yakasvika makirogiramu mazana mashanu), paavhareji - Dragoons (kusvika nhanhatu) yakanyanya - iri Knights, Reiter, grenadiers, ari Carabinieri, ivo cuirassiers (bhiza mukuvamba Middle Ages, rairema makirogiramu anopfuura masere). The Cossacks kweuto Russian kwenguva refu kuonekwa mugari vamabhiza, asi zvishoma nezvishoma huchikanganiswa sechivako hondo Russian Empire, achitora chigaro pedyo dragoons. Kuti Cossack vamabhiza hondo yaiva huru kutyisidzira muvengi muhondo rechigumi nemapfumbamwe remakore. Horse Mauto vakanga rakakamurwa muzvikamu maererano kuzvidzora zvinodiwa uye zvinangwa. Uyu inokosha, tactical, kumberi uye nehondo vamabhiza.

Kievan Rus

Kievan Rus aiziva zviviri mauto - inifanduri uye vamabhiza, asi kuburikidza yokupedzisira vakakunda hondo, basa rakanga raitwa engineering chokufambisa, kufukidza shure, kunyange mukuru nzvimbo inogarwa, chokwadi, vaifamba. Mabhiza aishandiswa kununura varwi munzvimbo iyi. Izvi zvakaitika kusvikira regumi remakore. Uyezve, nepo inifanduri pamusoro yakaenzana Inobudiswa kukunda pamwe vatasvi, ipapo vatasvi vemabhiza akatanga kudzora. Zvichida zvakanga ipapo, uye pakanga wokutanga vamabhiza hondo. Vachikundikana iri hondo inowanzorimwa vanhu vakadzidzisa machinda Kievan, uye munguva pfupi vakava vatasvi Russian asina kutomboderera: akaranga, vakarongwa, vakaungana, vakashinga.

Ipapo vakatanga chikuru kukunda weHondo Russian. Saka, muna 1242 ari vamabhiza wakaita basa guru iri kukundwa of Teutonic Knights (Battle of Ice). Ipapo Kulikovo akanga apo Zasadnyy kumurega vamabhiza Dmitriya Donskogo akafanosarudza zvinozoitika kundorwa nehondo mapoka. Panguva eMongolia aiva nehana, chiedza vamabhiza, zvakakwana akarongeka (Tumen, zviuru mazana kana makumi ezviuru), iyo muridzi uta akakwana, uye kuwedzera, nepfumo, bakatwa, demo uye kirabhu. Pazano rakanga Persian kana Parthian chikamu - kwezuva chiedza aifamba nemabhiza ari parutivi uye neshure, ipapo chinocheka uye refu kutokonora pamusoro Mongolian kumberi uta, uye pakupedzisira nekuodza kurwiswa simba, iyo yakaitirwa kuti rinorema vamabhiza. Nzira vakaedza uye anenge asingakundiki. Kunyange zvakadaro, mune rechigumi nemashanu Russian vamabhiza remakore nechekare dzakabudirira kuitira kuti waigona kudzivisa izvozvo.

Boomstick

Remakore nemitanhatu vakauya nyore vamabhiza, vakabata pfuti yakatsviriridza, nokuda kuchinja uye nzira zvehondo uye nzira kuishandisa muhondo. Yakapfuura vakaparadzana vamabhiza hondo Vakarwisa muvengi waitonhora simbi, zvino Shooting rakarongwa mumitsara zvakananga kubva bhiza. Structure hondo yakanga yakadzika zvakakwana, kusvika gumi kana kupfuura pamisara kuti vari kuisa mberi uyewo kubva murayiro basa nekabhunakeri.

Yakanga iri nenhanhatu remakore, uye paiva dragoons uye cuirassiers. Swedish vamabhiza nemanomwe remakore painyanya zvachose pavo. Muhondo, Korol Gustav Adolphus vamabhiza mutsetse muna Mitsetse miviri mana nemapoka ratakapiwa hondo huru ine simba simba, anokwanisa kurova kwete chete kusarudza kuti kurwiswa, asiwo mukana wokushandiswa kuita. It vakabuda Uto squadrons uye vamabhiza regiments. Muzana nemanomwe remakore vamabhiza kwaiva anopfuura makumi mashanu muzana wehondo munyika dzakawanda, uye inifanduri muFrance aiva mumwe nehafu nguva shoma.

tine

In Russia muna remakore vamabhiza ratova rakamuka-kamuka rinorema, svikiro uye chiedza, asi kwokutanga zvikuru, muzana remakore rechigumi nemashanu, akasikwa manorial kuunganidza varume namabhiza, uye ayo kukura yakasiyana chaizvo kudzidzisa Russian aifamba nemabhiza uye Western Europe. Izvi kutora gadziriro kwakazadziswa mauto Russian guru chaizvo revatongi vamabhiza. Nechekare pasi Ivan anotyisa, iye akava mutungamiriri iri hurukuro revarwi, rinosvika vanhu zviuru makumi masere, uye ari wokuLivonia War akanga asiri Cossack vamabhiza hondo.

Zvinoumba Russian vamabhiza achinja zvishoma nezvishoma. Uto dzose akasikwa pasi Peter Pevom apo vamabhiza kwakanga Boel makumi mana namazana dragoons - mana regiments. Panguva iyoyo vatasvi zvaitambidzwa kupinda pabasa pfuti. Northern War akadzidzisa vamabhiza kuzvimiririra uye Hondo Poltava emauto Menshikov akaita chaizvo resourcefully, uye netsoka. Panguva iyo inokosha mugumisiro hondo yaiva mugari vamabhiza, iyo yaisanganisira Kalmyks uye Cossacks.

chata

Petrine tsika yakanga vainzi muna 1755 mambokadzi Elizabeth: kwakasimbiswa uye vakasuma vamabhiza chata, zvikuru nani revarwi kushandisa anotasva mabhiza pakurwa. Nechekare muna 1756 hondo wokuRussia vaiva Guards vamabhiza chemazana chehondo, matanhatu namatanhatu cuirassier Grenadier, eighteen yakazara vaviri of the dragoon regiments haakoshi. The mugari aifamba nemabhiza sezvo Kalmyks uye Cossacks vakanga zvakare.

Russian vamabhiza akadzidziswa haana kuipa, uye muzviitiko zvakawanda kupfuura chero European, izvo hwakasimbiswa kubudikidza Hondo Yemakore Seven '. Mugore regumi namasere remakore chakatowedzera uwandu chiedza emauto, sezvo ari nemipfumbamwe, kana mukanyiwa weuto, kuti vatasvi vemabhiza iri dziya kuva nemauto uye zvine urongwa. The yokupedzisira yakanyorerwa kuhondo, zvose vakazvimiririra uye pamwe nevamwe matavi muchiuto, uye reuto yaiva chikamu yose platoon kuti hondo uye inifanduri zviyero zvinodiwa kuchengeteka, kukurukurirana uye ungwaru.

namapfumbamwe remakore

Napoleon aiva mana vamabhiza Corps - vemabhiza zviuru makumi mana. Uto The Russian waiva makumi matanhatu nemashanu vamabhiza regiments, pakati pavo - varindi mashanu, cuirassier masere, of the dragoon matatu namatanhatu, gumi namashanu hussar Ulan, kureva mapoka gumi neimwe, shanu vakaparadzana zvivako ndinoiitawo vamabhiza Corps. Russian vamabhiza hondo vakarwa setsikawo mabhiza, uye ivo vakapata rinonyatsooneka muchinangwa kukundwa hondo Napoleon raMwari. Muhafu yechipiri yezana remakore simba atirari kurovedza moto yakawedzera nguva zhinji, asi nokuti vamabhiza vakatakura kurasikirwa hombe. Ipapo akasimuka uye kusava kudiwa ivepo.

The Civil War muUnited States, Zvisinei, akaratidza kubudirira revarwi mhando iyi. Sezvingatarisirwa, kana kurwa kudzidzisa machisi uye gona vehondo. Vachirwisa necheseri uye kukurukurirana vaiva yakadzika uye akabudirira chaizvo, pasinei nokuti revolvers uye carbines havana chete vapfurwa, asiwo Threaded. Nematemo vokuAmerica apo anenge kumboshandisa. The US achiri nhoroondo uto iri kutya kukuru. Saka, 2 vamabhiza hondo (Dragoons, 2nd vamabhiza hondo) yakatangwa 1836 uye zvishoma nezvishoma, pasina kuchinja zita, akava wokutanga diki, ipapo michini inifanduri. Zvino Europe, kuva chikamu contingent US mauto.

The War World First

Muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri, kunyange pakutanga, kuti vatasvi vemabhiza akanga gumi muzana vehondo, achibatsirwa yayo, anopedza dambudziko tactical uye operative. Zvisinei, anowedzera zvine mauto atirari, zvigwagwagwa uye ndege, chikamu chayo emauto vakatambura Nokurasikirwa kuramba rakakura, uye saka kuva anongoda sashanda muhondo. Somuenzaniso, mashoko consummate unyanzvi kukakavara zvakaratidza German High Command, akatakura Sventsiany budiriro apo mapoka matanhatu vamabhiza raishandiswa. Asi, zvichida, chete akanaka muenzaniso zano rakadaro.

First World Russian vamabhiza yakanga yakawanda - matatu namatanhatu kupatsanurana, vakanyatsodzidziswa vatasvi zviuru mazana maviri - asi kubudirira, kunyange pakutanga hondo dzaiva shoma, uye pakasvika nguva chinzvimbo uye anofambisa yapera, vachirwira mauto mhando iyi kushanda kwapera. vamabhiza All akaburuka akaenda kuhondo. The achinja zvinhu nehondo iyi, hapana murayiro Russian haana vadzidza: nebasa rinokosha mirayiridzo, izvozvo sprayed ari vamabhiza mhiri mberi kureba uye yaishandiswa zvikuru nenyanzvi varwi procurers. Dzidziso vakazvipira kurwisa zviri pedyo hurongwa Chigaro, uye kutanga netsoka iri zvinenge zvisina kuzadziswa. Pashure pehondo, mauto Western vakanga motorized uye michini vamabhiza zvishoma nezvishoma zvachose kana kuderedzwa kushoma, sapamazuva France, Italy, Great Britain nevamwe. Chete kuPoland akaramba azere gumi vamabhiza brigades.

"Isu - dzvuku vamabhiza ..."

Paumbwe Soviet vamabhiza yakatanga pakusikwa Red Army, iyo yaiva nyore chaizvo kuita muna 1918. Chokutanga, nzvimbo dzose akagovera hondo wokuRussia uye mabhiza navatasvi vakanga inogarwa vatorwa interventionists uye nevachena. Ruzivo vehondo kushaisa. Mushure World Wokutanga matatu chete vamabhiza regiments hondo yakare zvakazara yakava chikamu Soviet. With maoko uye zvombo waivawo zvakaipa chaizvo. Naizvozvo, sezvo vakadaro, wokutanga vamabhiza hondo vezvikwata matsva akazviratidza kwete kamwe. Pakutanga kwaiva zana bhiza, mauto, squadrons.

Somuenzaniso, B. Dumenko akasika muna 1918 neboka duku remagandanga chairema muchirimo uye kuwa atova yokutanga Don vamabhiza bhurigedhi, ipapo - on Tsaritsyn Front - pfupiso vamabhiza Division. Muna 1919, kuzorwa Denikin zvaishandiswa chete vaviri muviri yaidhonzwa. Red vamabhiza kwaiva simba kupfuura zvinesimba simba, hazvina isina rusununguko muna operative zvinangwa, asi akaratidzawo zvakakwana pacharo mune kudyidzana nedzimwe yeimwe. Muna November 1919 nayo akasika Rokutanga vamabhiza Army, muna July 1920 - wechipiri. Kusanganisa uye unobva Red vamabhiza vakarova zvose: uye Denikin uye Kolchak, uye Wrangel nehondo wePolish.

vamabhiza zvachose

Mushure Civil War vamabhiza refu akaramba guru iri Red Army mauto. Kuparadzana rakanga riri inokosha (Corps nekupatsanurana) hondo (chikwata anoumbwa inifanduri muzvikamu). Uyewo kubva 20s Dzvuku Army uye akanga akapindwa vezvikwata National - dzinozivikanwa Cossacks (pasinei zvausingakwanisi, kuti repealed muna 1936), navatasvi vamabhiza of North eCaucasus. Nenzira, mushure Mutongo People wacho commissar pamusoro Kutsigira 1936 emauto zviumbu vava zvikuru Cossack. Pasinei nevakomana mashoko kuti perestroika nguva pane ubiquitous, kuti pamberi Great Patriotic vakawanda vamabhiza mauto kuva nenyika neSoviet, zvakakodzera kudzorera chokwadi chinangwa: mapepa acho vanoti hakuna "vaenzi Budyonny" akanga asiri, uye vatasvi vemabhiza muna 1937 It yadzikira neinopfuura kaviri, ipapo - ne 1940-mü iye akanyangarika kunyange nokukurumidza.

Zvisinei, migwagwa tine kwose kwose, uye haana muganhu. Zhukov ane kakawanda vhiki hondo yokutanga yakaratidza kuti vamabhiza kurerutswa. Zvino pashure kugadziriswa. Muzhizha uye kunyanya muchando 1941 vamabhiza Hondo Yenyika II yakanga ichangobva zvakakodzera anenge kose. Near Smolensk, muzhizha vachirwisa vakaperekedza emauto mapoka mashanu, kubatsira vamwe mauto edu zvapiwa kwete chete chinokosha, zvakanga hazvitomboiti kuti kuona. Zvino Yelnia atova pakaunda-chiito, kuti vatasvi vemabhiza yanonoka nzira pechiFascist reserves, uye ndicho chikonzero nei kubudirira akavimbiswa. Muna December 1941, kota weboka Moscow vaiva emauto. Muna 1943, navatasvi anenge maviri namakumi mashanu zviuru vakarwa mapoka makumi maviri nezvitanhatu (muna 1940 kwakanga 13 chete, uye vose pamwe yakaderera nhamba). Don Cossack Corps akasunungura Vienna. Kuban - Prague.

11 paradzanisa vamabhiza hondo

Pasina izvozvo, paisazova mafirimu dzedu kufarira. Nezvenyaya iyi sezvakaita vamwe vose, vaiva Armed Forces munyika, asi raishandiswa filming firimu. 11 vakaparadzana vamabhiza hondo - nhamba 55605 reuto achiumbwa 1962. Rakanga anosarudza mutungamiriri Sergei Bondarchuk. First Paaidzidzisa, pasina rubatsiro chehondo haana zvaitika, akakurumbira uye akanaka firimu paakaita "Hondo uye Rugare". Iri hondo iyi vaiva vatambi Andrey Rostotsky uye Sergei Zhigunov. Zviri hondo "cinematic" kusvikira '90s akabhadhara Mosfilm, ipapo iye kuramba Chokwadi, vakasagona.

Kagumi zvinoderedza uwandu vatasvi, vakasiya mabhiza asingasviki zana nemakumi mashanu zvishoma kupfuura mana uye. Ane chehondo muchikamu chino kufarirwa Bazi Culture uye Ministry of Defense. Kunyange zvakadaro, mubvunzo kwakakwana disbandment chakanga chakaipisisa. Chete kukumbira purezidhendi Nikita Mikhalkov rakabatsira kunze 11 vamabhiza. Izvi zvakamubatsira kuti firimu "The Barber kweSiberia". Muna 2002, kwakanga haichawanikwi President vamabhiza chemazana chehondo, uye Honorary perekedza rinoumbwa Presidential chemazana chehondo. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti blockbusters vanoberekwa nayo! "Muchinda Igor", "White Sun of Desert", "Waterloo", "About varombo hussar ...", "Kumhanya", "Battle nokuti Moscow", "vamabhiza First", "Bagration", "The Black Arrow", "Peter zvikuru. "