Vakadzi rechiuto rufu muna World War First. Nhoroondo vakadzi rechiuto

Women Afa rechiuto muHondo Yenyika I (mifananidzo zvinowanikwa munyaya), paiva panguva behest of dikidiki Government. Chimwe chikuru initiators waro zvisikwa raiva M. Bochkarev. Vakadzi rechiuto rufu muna World War First akasikwa kusimudzira morale nemauto, varume vakaramba kuenda mberi.

Maria Bochkareva

Kubvira muna 1914, akanga ari pamberi pamwe pachinzvimbo chevatatu vasiri basa mukuru uyo akawana chemhando resolution. Nokuda heroism yavo 1917 ndipo Maria Bochkareva akazivikanwa kwazvo. Asvika April kusvika Western Front Rodzyanko kubudirira musangano pachavo naye uye ipapo akamutora navo Petrograd kuti rutsigiro kurwa "kusvikira kukunda" iri ravarwi mauto uye vamiririri reCongress of Petrograd Soviet. Muhurukuro yake Bochkareva akaisa mberi panyaya kuumba revakadzi rechiuto rufu. Muhondo, iye akati, ndiye paumbwe paidiwa chaizvo. Pashure paizvozvo iye akanzi kutaura pamusangano of dikidiki Government.

MARARAMIRO inotungamirwa chikwata

Panguva World First vakadzi vemazera ose - wokuchikoro, musikana vadzidzi uye vamiririri nevamwe sectors munzanga - vakaenda nokuzvidira kuti kumberi. The "Bulletin of Red Cross" muna 1915, paiva nyaya vasikana 12 vakanga vachirwa ari Carpathians. Vaiva nemakore 14-16 okuberekwa. In hondo schoolgirls maviri okutanga vakaurayiwa uye 4 vakakuvadzwa. Masoja sababa mafungire kune vasikana. Vakazvibvisa kuti chimiro akadzidzisa kupfura uye ipapo wakanyorwa navo pasi mazita makono sezvo chinzvimbo uye faira. Chii chakaita vakadzi vakanga vakanaka, muduku, mupfumi kana vanokudzwa, kunyika kupinda muchiuto nezuva? Documents uye nendangariro anotaura zvakawanda. Chief pakati pavo, Chokwadi, yaiva nyika zvatinganzwa. Akafukidza Russian vanhu vose. Kuti pfungwa yokutsigira nyika yavo uye basa kwakaita vakadzi vakawanda kuti vachinje kwezvokufuka outfits avo yunifomu kana zvipfeko vanamukoti. Zvinokoshawo ndezvokuti vakanga uye mamiriro ezvinhu emhuri. Vamwe vakadzi vakaenda pamberi pevarume vavo, vamwe, kudzidza pamusoro vafa, ivo wevashumiri hondo kutsiva. A rinokosha yakanga reDare uye kutanga kufamba kuti kuenzana kwekodzero nevanhu. Revolutionary 1917 akapiwa achiwanikwa vakadzi. Vakagamuchira nesarudzo uye nedzimwe kodzero. Zvose izvi zvakaita kuti masoja varayirwa, rwaiumbwa zvachose nevakadzi. Muchirimo uye 1917 chirimo akatanga kuumba chikamu yose. Nechekare kubva zita, zvaiva pachena chii vakadzi rechiuto rufu. Munyika War First, vakadzi vakanga vakagadzirira kupa upenyu hwavo nokuda nyika yavo. On nyaya Botchkareva akapindura vasikana zvimwe 2,000. Zvisinei, chete 300 vavo vakasarudzwa zviri revakadzi rechiuto rufu. MuHondo Yenyika I, "kuvhunduka mauto" akaratidza zvavari vanokwanisa musikana Russian. heroism kwavo, vakanga akadenha zvose varwi vanobatanidzwa mukurwa.

Vakadzi rechiuto Rufu: nhoroondo yokusika

Batalyon yakaumbwa muna pfupi nguva. Muna 1917, June 21, pana St. Isaka Cathedral panguva yakatarwa mhemberero wakaitwa pachivara. Akatambira idzva uto paumbwe chena mureza. June 29 akabvuma Regulation. It anovamba muitiro kuti paumbwe uto zviumbu munhukadzi vakazvipira. Anonyora dzinotevedzana "kuvhunduka vamabhiza" vamiririri akasiyana sectors munzanga. Somuenzaniso, mubatsiri Botchkareva aiva mwanasikana wemakore 25 okuberekwa General Maria Skrydlova. Akanga ane dzidzo wakanakisisa uye aiziva mitauro mishanu.

Women Afa rechiuto iri World War yaiva vakadzi kushumira Frontline dzakabatana, uye vanhuwo vagari. Pakati ekupedzisira vaiva noblewomen, mushandi, mudzidzisi, musikana vadzidzi. Simple murimi mudiki wevashandikadzi vomupristi vakakurumbira anokudzwa mhuri, mudzimai musoja wacho, Cossacks - ivo nevamwe vazhinji vakanga vachienda kunoshanda vakadzi rechiuto rufu. History of pakusikwa Botchkareva akatanga panguva yakaoma. Zvisinei, ichi chaiva zvakasimbisa tibatane mumapoka nemasoja nevasikana mune mamwe maguta. Zvikurukuru, achirifananidza vakadzi Russian akapinda. Zvisinei, zvaibvira kusangana uye vamiriri vedzimwe nyika. Saka, maererano nemagwaro, Estonians, wokuLatvia, vechiJudha uye akaenda kushanda vakadzi rechiuto rufu.

History of zviumbu kunoratidza refu uchiratidza kuzvipira kunyika yacho naka pabonde. Part akatanga kuumba muKiev, Smolensk, Kharkov, Mariupol, Baku, Irkutsk, Odessa, Poltava, Vyatka nemamwe maguta. Sezvo mabhuku, yakawanda vasikana chete akasaina nokuda kutanga dzemadzimai ari rechiuto rufu. MuHondo Yenyika I zviumbu muchiuto raiva nevanhu pakati 250 uye 1,500 vanhu. On October 1917 vakanga dzakaumbwa: Marine chikwata, Minsk musoja kukupfura, Petrograd vamabhiza chemazana chehondo, uyewo First Petrograd, Moscow Second, Third Cuban nevakadzi rechiuto rufu. MuHondo Yenyika I (Nhoroondo anopupurira ichi) vanobatanidzwa chete okupedzisira matatu dzakabatana. Zvisinei, pamwe kuwedzera basa kuparadzwa Russian Empire, paumbwe zvikamu haisati yapera.

paruzhinji mafungiro

Solntseva wenhau Russian akanyora kuti neSoviet uye mukanyiwa nemauto vakanzwisisa asi isakarurama vakadzi rechiuto rufu. Zvisinei, muHondo Yenyika II, murayiro chaizvo basa rinokosha. Zvisinei, mhare zhinji unflattering chaizvo nezvevakuru vasikana. Mukutanga July, asi Petrograd Soviet akabvunza paradzana battalions zvose. Akati chikamu "kukodzera kuti basa". Uyewo, Petrograd Soviet vaiona paumbwe mapoka aya se "chakavanzika Bourgeois rinoshamisa" sezvo chido kuunza kurwa kuhwina.

Vakadzi rechiuto rufu muna World War First: photo, mabasa

In hondo Botchkareva musi nderechi 27 June 1917. chikwata nhamba yakanga vanhu 200. Female rufu rechiuto akasvika necheshure chikamu chokutanga Siberian Corps pakati rechi10 Army pamusoro Western Front. Musi wa9 Chikunguru tsamwisa zvakati zvichigadzirwa. The 7th Infantry chemazana chehondo, yaisanganisira chemadzimai rechiuto rufu, akapinda muhurongwa. Aifanira kutora chinzvimbo muna Kreva. Kurudyi parutivi chehondo aiva kuvhunduka vamabhiza rechiuto. Vakatanga kupinda fray sezvo muvengi, uyo aiziva pamusoro urongwa weuto Russian, yokupa munhu preemptive amurove, akaenda nzvimbo revarwi edu.

Muna 14 kurwisa muvengi hwakanyorwa pamusoro mazuva matatu. Kakawanda munguva ino rechiuto akaita kurwiswa. Somugumisiro, masoja eGermany akanga adzingwa mafungiro vakagara nezuro. Kwomushumo wake Colonel Zakrzewski akanyora kuti vakadzi rechiuto rufu World War I vakaita heroically, ari kuramba achitungamirira. Girls dzave uyewo masoja, pamwe navo. Kana vokuGermany akarwiswa, vose vakamhanyira kuna pakaunda, akapinda ubanguranyika, tireyi cartridges. Vakadzi rechiuto rufu muna World War First aiva muenzaniso ushingi, kudzikama uye ushingi. Mumwe nomumwe heroines izvi evasikana vakakodzera chemhando chinzvimbo Musoja Russian echimurenga hondo. Sezvo iye akapupura Bochkareva kuti 170 vakadzi varwi vakatora chikamu mukurwa, vanhu 30 vakaurayiwa uye vanenge 70 vakuvara. Iye akapfurwa kashanu woga. Mushure mwedzi nehafu Bochkareva hondo yaiva muchipatara. Kuita hondo uye heroism, iye akanga paakavapa pachinzvimbo chevatatu yechipiri refutenendi.

Zvakaipira kurasikirwa

Nokuda vakawanda vakafa uye akuvadzwa muhondo pavasikana, General Kornilov, iye gwaro yakaronga chepasi nokuumbwa itsva rufu squads kutora chikamu mukurwa. Huripo zvirevo basa chete webetsero ushande. Zvikurukuru, vakarayirwa kupa akachengeteka, kukurukurirana, chiito sezvo utsanana mapoka. Somugumisiro, vakadzi-vazvipiri vakawanda vanoda kurwira kwavo nezvombo, tichizviisa pasi achashanda rakanyorwa, ine chikumbiro kuonekana navo kubva parufu kukupfura.

kurangwa

Zvakanga zvakaoma zvakakwana. Women Afa rechiuto iri World War I akaratidza kwete chete muenzaniso ushingi uye uchiratidza kuzvipira kunyika. Dzinokosha zvakaparidzwa:

• Sezvineiwo, rusununguko nerukudzo Motherland.
• Kutsiga uye kusimba kwokutenda uye mweya.
• Speed, kutsungirira, yakarurama uye zvakarurama ari kuurayiwa mirairo.
• Serious Mafungiro kushanda mberi mitsetse uye wokutendeseka.
• Utsanana, mutsa, ushamwari, pakuremekedza, rufaro.
• Vanoremekedza pfungwa dzevamwe vanhu.
• Vimba mumwe.
• Kwamachinda.

Vaiona zvisingagamuchirwi pachako ruvengo uye kukakavadzana.

zvinhu zvakanaka

Vakadzi rechiuto rufu World Rokutanga, kwete chete muchirongwa hondo. "Varwi Vakadzi" vakakwanisa mukudzidzire mukono basa. Somuenzaniso, Princess Shahovskaya - nyika yokutanga mukadzi-mutyairi wendege. In Germany muna 1912, akanga wakabudiswa mutyairi chokutyaira. Ikoko, panhandare yendege Yohannistal, iye akashanda imwe nguva sezvo murayiridzi. Pakutanga hondo Shahovskaya akateterera kutumira sechinhu uto mutyairi wendege ari mberi. Mambo akapa chikumbiro, uye muna November 1914 Princess rwakaverengwa pamwe chinzvimbo zvedzimba mu avhiyesheni muboka rokutanga. Mumwe muenzaniso unoshamisa ndiye Elena Samson. Aiva mwanasikana reuto injiniya, pamwe menduru yegoridhe sekondari uye mapoka ari Peretburge. The chipatara muna Warsaw Samson aishanda somukoti. Pashure paizvozvo, akanga sapiyona mutyairi muuto 9, kumaodzanyemba-yokumadokero mberi. Zvisinei, iye achishumira ikoko refu - inenge mina, uye ipapo vakatumirwa kuMoscow. Samsonov isati hondo vakagamuchira dhipuroma ari mutyairi wendege. Muna 1917, akatumirwa 26 avhiyesheni yokuzviparadzanisa.

Kudzivirirwa dikidiki Government

Mumwe "kuvhunduka battalions" (First Petrograd pasi murayiro Captain Gloss) pamwe Cadets uye nezvimwe zvikamu October 1917 akatora chikamu mune kudzivirirwa Winter Palace. October 25, iyo chikwata kuti akamira Levashov chiteshi, vaifanira kuenda yeRomania mberi. Asi zuva pamberi Loskovym akanga ambopiwa kuti atumire chikamu "achimisa" muna Petrograd. Chaizvoizvo izvozvo akaronga kuitira kudzivirira of dikidiki Government.

Glosses akadzidza pamusoro chaiye dambudziko uye ndisingadi kubatanidza ake pasi enyika gakava. Wakadzosa kuna rechiuto Levashovo kunze 2 makambani rinosvika vanhu 137. With maviri kuvhunduka platoon kumuzinda Petrograd dunhu akaedza dzika wiring Foundry, Nicholas Palace uye mabhiriji. Asi basa iri hwakavhiringidzwa sovietized vezvikepe. The yasara kugwinha vamabhiza kambani iri kurudyi huru gedhi pasi pauriri yamambo. Usiku iye akapa kurwisa, akanga zvombo. Girls akaendeswa kumisasa kuna Pavlovsky pakutanga, uye ipapo Grenadier chemazana chehondo. Maererano nedzimwe mishumo, nhamba nehana vamabhiza "zvakaipa". Zvadaro, rinokosha dare pamusoro Petrograd City Council akasarudza kuti vasikana vana vakanga chibharo (kunyange zvichida shoma vaida kunyange kubvuma izvozvo), uye mumwe akazviuraya. October 26, kambani muchetura akadzokera Levashovo.

The liquidation squads

Pashure kuguma October Revolution, hurumende itsva Soviet kushandisa mutemo kuita rugare, uye nyika kubva hondo. Uyezve, chikamu mauto akanga zvainanga kuchaitwa of Imperial Army. Somugumisiro, vose "kuvhunduka mauto" emauto akadzingwa mabasa. Battalions emauto akadzingwa mabasa November 30, 1917 nokuda sezvakarayirwa Council Military ane yaimbova Ministry. Kunyange zvazvo nguva pfupi asati chiitiko chakarairwa kubudisa zvose kubatanidzwa akazvipira vezvikwata hondo mubasa vatariri. Kunyange zvakadaro, vakawanda vakadzi varwi, vasikana yakaramba urongwa kusvikira January 1918 uye kupfuura. Vamwe vakadzi yakatamira Don. Ikoko vakatora Zvinoshingaira mubasa pakurwisana Bolsheviks vari panhengo White Army. Wokupedzisira yasara zvikamu Kuban aiva rechiuto rufu rechitatu. Akamira Ekaterinodar. Matambudziko ari emauto akadzingwa mabasa chete 26 February 1918. Chikonzero chaiva kurambirwa mudonzvo Caucasus nharaunda kuitira kuramba zvitengeswa chikwata.

Chitarisiko uye chimiro

Vakadzi vari kushumira vari rechiuto Botchkareva pamusoro chevrons inopfekwa mutambi "musoro vaAdhamu." Ivo, kufanana nemamwe masoja, akatora kuongorora zvokurapa. Sevarume, vakadzi bvudzi ravo rinenge mhanza. Munguva kurwa, kwevakadzi uye udyire yawana kokutanga munhoroondo vakawanda hunhu. Muuto wokuRussia pamberi zvakanga kupfuura 25,000 vakadzi vakazvipira. A pfungwa yokutsigira nyika yavo uye zvakafanira kuti Yababa, kwakaita kuti vakawanda vavo vashande. Rambira muchiuto vakachinja maonero avo.

In mhedziso

Zviri pachena kuti kana kutanga nevakadzi kuti rechiuto rinokosha raiva Kerensky. Ndiye wokutanga kutsigira pfungwa. In Kero Kerensky akagamuchira akawandisa kuteterera uye neteregiramu kubva vakadzi vaida kubatana nhengo. Iye vagamuchirawo maminitsi misangano uye zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana. In mapepa izvi zvose zvinooneka zvinonetsa vakadzi mberi mugumo wenyika, uyewo kuda kuchengetedza nyika, kuchengetedza rusununguko vanhu. Vaidavira kuti varambe vakaneta iri yakaenzana nyadzi. Women vakatsvaka hondo, akatungamirira chete rudo nyika, chido rokumutsa morale nemauto. Department Main of General Staff chaiwo basa iri basa basa yave akaumba. Panguva iyoyowo dzimbahwe emauto ematunhu makatanga kuita kuti vadiwe vanozvipira vakadzi muhondo. Zvisinei, chido vakadzi kwakanga zvokuti nyika yakanga sefungu vaingoerekana kusikwa masangano zvechiuto.