Chii Demos? Tsanangudzo nhoroondo

Chii Demos? Maererano tsanangudzo ose maduramazwi, ndiko - vanhu vakasununguka, kwete chokuita vakakwirira, asi tinazvo zvizere kodzero dzevanhu. Shoko kunouya kwatiri kubva kare Greece (Demos - vanhu). Saka, kunzwisisa zvinoreva Demos, rubatsiro karwendo kupinda kare. Ngatidzokerei zviitiko zvekare ...

Hondo pamwe vakakwirira

The hondo pakati vakakwirira uye Demos vakatanga pakutanga ari VI remakore BC. Chii Demos chaizvo, uye somunhu simba chikamu vanhu, machinda kunzwisisa nokukurumidza. Vapanduki vacho vakatimanikidza kodzero kudzora nyika, kurambidzwa kwouranda (chikwereti) uye redistribution nyika.

Achitya ropa musazonetsanazve nerunyerekupe pamusoro pe vakawanda yemuna, machinda mubishi kutsvaka nzira yokubuda. Pamusangano yavose wakatumidzwa gavhuna pachinzvimbo Solon akasarudzwa. Uyu murume airemekedzwa uye "makirasi yakaderera", uye "Extras". Ndizvo staked vakakwirira, vachitarisira kuti Solon aigona kuyananisa mapato kusvika nekuyanana pasina ropa. mutongi The mutsva aibva chaizvo mhuri paunhu, asi haana kuva mupfumi. Akanga vaiita zvahwaiita mugungwa zvokutengeserana (unokudzwa chinhu kuGreece), zvakanga akangwara uye akatendeseka zvikuru.

Solon wadzikamisa Athens. Akatanga pakagadzwa mitemo mitsva, izvo pakarepo akanyorwa pamusoro huru pamapuranga uye kupfeka nzvimbo mashoko. Yakanga 504 BC. e.

Solon kuti kuchinja

The kuchinja, Chokwadi, zvinoreva kushanduka. Ndezvipi kuchinja vakasuma Solon?

1. Quashed (vakasimudza) chikwereti matombo (akasunungurwa hostages uye akarambidza kutengeswa muuranda uye muranda pachake).

2. Ndakachinja negadziriro muzviyereso.

3. Kukurudzira budiriro rwokugadzira uye kutengeserana.

uye kuchinja zvematongerwo enyika akanga akatakurwa kunze.

1. zvemo Vose Attica (munhurume) vaiva vakazivisa vagari vane mabasa chete uye nekodzero. Zvisinei, mukuru weboka kambani wakatangwa muzvikamu, mavakanga pakutanga vaiva vanokudzwa, wechipiri - the kukupfura, wechitatu - Demos navo - varanda.

2. Assembly The People yaiva nhengo chikuru kutaura kuda vanhu.

3. Judges zvino kugona asangova vakuru, asi Demos.

abolition

Zvikwereti matombo kubva kuminda zvakabviswa. Varimi vakanga nomufaro: pakupedzisira zvikwereti zvaregererwa! Kuziva zvinodzidziswa Demos, zviri nyore kunzwisisa kuti kuziva "vabatisise" chete yakafanira andibudire vanhuwo. Vamwe vakava vapfumi, vamwe varombo. Nyika Attica ainzi Solon nhapwa akanga pakupedzisira rusununguko. Chii, chokwadi, chokwadi. Zvino, maererano nomurayiro seane uchenjeri archon, munhu aigona kwereta chete pasi pfuma yavo. Kubhadhara chikwereti muuranda unorambidzwa. To rusununguko vakasunungurwa ngava zvose. Uyezve, Solon akarayira kuti chamber pasi avo vakatengesa mhiri kwemakungwa, uye vatenge shure, uye nokuda mari nehurumende. Pakati vakadzoka, vamwe vakakangamwa mutauro wavo waamai.

Zvino muAtene chete navatorwa varanda.

Ziva kunyimwa zvikomborero

Zvino machinda kugona kumhanya nyika sepakutanga. Archon aigona kuva chero mupfumi munhu, zvisinei padanho kwamachinda. Vamiririri Demos vaigona kupfuma kuvonga zvahwaiita mugungwa kutengeserana, nezvikepe uye pakuva dzimba, nyika uye varanda, zvakare, vaigona kutora nzvimbo iyi. Chinonyanya kukosha Hurumende ezvinhu akanga zvakurukurwa asi zvino National Assembly wose, umo vanhu vose (akasununguka vokuAtene).

nesarudzo dare akadzima mitemo kupfuura utsinye yakatangwa. Nokuti kokutanga vatongi aigona kuva murombo makore 30, kupomerwa kwokutanga. Mutongi tsunga nokuswedera mijenya. Kupinda kunzwa kodzero vaAtene vose. Mushure kutaura, muchuchisi, zvapupu uye kupomerwa vakatanga muchivande nokuvhota, rakanga kuitwa namabwe mumudziyo mumwe (Black - "mhosva", chena - kuti "kururamisa"). Pakarepo kuitwa uye kuverengwa: chisarudzo roruvanze kwaibva chii mabwe vakanyanya, uye kana mavhoti vari paizwi, yomupomerwi asunungurwa. Zvinoita sokuti munhu kubvuma wawanikwa, mumwe chibvumirano zvasvika. Zvisinei ...

Solon anobva Athens

Chii Demos, uye chii zvinoita sokuti kubva mukati, uye vakadzidza nokukurumidza akasarudzwa gavhuna. "Yacho munyaya guru kamwechete kwakaoma ... Kamwe zvose vakafara, asi ikozvino ndava kuona kubvisa zvakaipa ziso ..."

Kutaura zvazviri, Solon haisi munhu haana kumufadza (kunyange akaita zvakawanda), naiyewo akauya ruvengo iye. Vapfumi vakatsamwa Kudzimwa muzvikwereti uye yezve vakasununguka basa, varombo vaidawo nyika redistribution. Solon kusiya nyika yekuita zvokutengeserana nyaya. Akafamba kwemakore akawanda, uye wozouya vachiri kunyika yokumusha kwavo. "Ndinofarira mapere dzinodzengerera pakati imbwa ..."

Asi mitemo Solon, akava musimboti hweruzhinji.