Oliver Cromwell: a Biography nemutungamiriri. Historical migumisiro Protectorate pakati Cromwell

Oliver Cromwell - imwe yakakurumbira inofananidza kuBritain wehurumende. Akawana mukurumbira nemhaka pamabasa ake zvechiuto uye kuchinja.

Biography: Kromvel Oliver. Muchidimbu: upenyu pamberi hondo,

Akaberekwa muna 1599 muna Huntingdon County. muridzi mhuri yaiva murombo netsika Chirungu vepamusoro nguva. Oliver dzinza kunogona kurondwa kudzokera ushe Henry VIII. Panguva iyoyo genus akakwanisa kuita mhanza, achitora nyika yechechi, uye, anofungidzirwa kuti kuwana soro rokuremekedza. Rudzi rumwe Cromwell aiva pedyo namambo, uye Tomas Kromvel kunyange akashanda se chipangamazano Henry makore 8.

In nechepakati County - chete guta Huntingdon - Oliver dzidzo yepuraimari. Mhuri zvakasimba vakanamatira Puritan "mweya". Saka, mamwe zvidzidzo Cromwell akaramba Sidney neSussex College, iyo yaizivikanwa tsika dzayo uye yeRoma Calvinism, izvo saka tinoberekwa Puritanism. Education Legal Sciences Thomas haana nezvaanoda ake, uye nokukurumidza rakadonha panze. Panguva kuomerera nehama, akatora mukadzi mwanasikana muduku muridzi womunda.

Pakutanga Civil War

Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi17 muBritain akanga achikura kusagutsikana nehurumende nechepakati. The Mhedziso umambo yaMambo Charles I akakonewa kuita zvakakodzera kuchinja. Key, kwakavakirwa Chechi England, rave yekudyidzana akaderedza zvinoitwa muparamende. Izvi zvakamubatsira kuti kudzorera yekare nyika mitero uye kudzora mamiriro. transformations kwakadaro zvakakonzera pfundepfunde pakati pavanhu, izvo zvakazoita kuti kumukira.

Vatsigiri Puritanism vakanga hunomirirwa paramende nemapoka akawanda, vakawanda vaiva vatsigiri zvine mwero ndichengetedze Ecclesiastical simba. Asi chikamu nevaPuritan akasika bato "Roundheads" - sangano kukuru echiPurotesitendi, chinangwa raiva kuburikidza chimurenga kupidigura namambo. Rakanga inotungamirwa Oliver Cromwell.

Ironsides vamabhiza

Kutanga Civil War anogona kunzi ane kundikana kuedza vaMambo kuzosunga dzimwe nhengo dzeParamende shanu. Pashure paizvozvo, mativi maviri akatanga kuunganidza mauto. The Royal Army ane simba vamabhiza kuti akamupa mukana hombe. Parliament hondo yaiva anopamba avo kutanga vakasimudza maoko. Panguva iyoyo Cromwell akasarudza kusika munhu kukupfura vemabhiza, uyo aikwanisa kurwisa shure wamambo vamabhiza.

Oliver pachake haana zvechiuto uye haana kuenda kuburikidza nekudzidzisa, asi makore zemlevladelchestva akamupa pfungwa pamusoro mabhiza. Pakutanga hondo, akava mukuru bhiza yokuzviparadzanisa vanhu makumi mashanu. Akavadzidzisa kurwisa zviri pemisara uye kurwisa kubva parutivi. Panguva iyoyi, mashoko vatasvi vemabhiza kuti Cromwell vakabata parutivi uye akarwisa mumwe mupanda, apo yamambo vamabhiza, zvinosanganisira hwepamusoro-boka vanhu, akarwisa randomly. Zvakagadzirwa nokukurumidza kwakaguma zvabuda, uye Oliver Cromwell akava mukuru yakakurumbira boka "Ironsides vamabhiza."

Combat chikwata akanga vanenge 2 zviuru vanodzima. Vose vaedzwa uye kunyatsoomerera vakasarudzwa. Musoja nomumwe aiva mutsigiri anoshingaira Protestant uye Puritan. Oliver Cromwell akarambidza doro uye kubhejera mumusasa yaakaronzeswa neboka. Wakanaka maitiro uye kunyatsoomerera chirango zvakakomba vazivikanwe simba. vanhu Local vanoyemurwa kusanwa varwi uye massively kujoina uto muParamende. Musasa waiva rakaparadza vajairira akanyatsorongwa kwavakaberekerwa. Naizvozvo, kuti chikwata akanga zvikuru yakanyatsobatana uye ushamwari. Ushingi uye kushinga muhondo vamabhiza vana Cromwell vakagamuchira zita "Ironsides".

kugona North

By mid-zhizha muna 1644 mauto dzeparamende ringangodaro kukombwa York - chikuru nhare yamambo (royalist) hurumende iri North. mativi Vose ainzwisisa hunoshamisa inokosha kukosha weguta, saka, dzinounzwa kuna kwemauto ichi kwazviri mauto. Korol Karl akatuma muzukuru wake Rupert kubatsira ari rakakombwa, nokuti kutya kuisa guta ravarwi. vavabatsire Sudden akamanikidza muchiuto kuti shure muParamende. Vakurudzirwa nokubudirira uku, Prince Rupert vakabatana nevamwe wehondo yamambo uye chichamuendesa Marson Frizington, nechinangwa kuputsa mauto "Roundheads".

Musi waJuly 2, chikamu yakavakwa kuitira rokurwa, kumirira kurwa. Akakurumbira "naanamai" iri uwandu 6000, vaishora boka vemabhiza akatungamirira Oliver Cromwell. Mukuru asara kuchengeterwa duku platoon pamusoro Irish vatasvi kuti kutsoropodza ezvinhu. The Cavaliers vakasvika Marson-Moore 17000th hondo. Nhengo dzeParamende aiva zvuru 10 zvakawanda. Asi kurwa kunonyanya hakunei vamabhiza kushandiswa. Cromwell yaiva kurudyi bapiro. Akarayira varume vake kuti varege kuwira voga pashure kurwisa, uye kuti ave rimwe isangano. Rupert pamusoro vamabhiza iye akaratidza lancers mapfumo refu, rikarova vatasvi zvakananga kukakavadzana.

Kurwa Marson-Moore

Nenguva 5 pm vakatotanga rokutanga bombardment. Pashure 2 chasa vairidza nyere uye yokuzviparadzanisa Cromwell vakamhanya kurwisa. Mumazana kumhanya mauto airwisana muhondo dzinotyisa. Kubva maminitsi royalists vakatanga kusunda vavengi. Kwakaita varwi ukuru Qualitative. vatasvi All vaiva Rupert pauduku yakarovedzwa dzinokosha muchiuto webasa. Oliver Cromwell akakuvadzwa muhondo uye akaenda bhandeji. Panguva iyi, akarayira Reserve kukupfura kuti varove parutivi kuti "naanamai." Rinoshamisa akabereka zvibereko, muvengi chakaderera. Zvino Ndairidza Oliver bheji pamusoro kurwiswa zvakasimba inotungamirwa. Sputtered pamusoro hombe munzvimbo vatasvi Rupert aisagona batanidza kuronga nemishonga, apo muParamende mauto kare kurongwazve uye chimwe repamutemo yakatanga kurwiswa itsva.

Results kurwiwa

Nemhaka inobudirira vamabhiza kuitwa Cromwell, nokuda royalists usiku zvakaparadzwa zvachose. Muhondo yakaramba varwi 4,000 nhema, vanopfuura chiuru vakabatwa. Army Nhengo dzeParamende akarasikirwa masoja 300 chete.

The kukundwa youmambo mauto kubva Marson-Moore aiva kukunda vapanduki vokutanga kuchikosha. Kugona York akabvumira muParamende kuongorora yose North. Cromwell kwakaita vamabhiza akaratidza kuzviita ukuru mutsva kurwisa nzira dziri panhengo. Kwazvo, Prince Rupert akati kuti Oliver Cromwell, "zvichida Ironsides, nguva tingadai kuhwina" (hapana pamutemo simbiso mashoko).

Oliver Cromwell: refutenendi-General wehondo dzeparamende

Akaratidza Cromwell mukuru unyanzvi vakamuita mukuru zvose mapoka emauto Parliament. Akabva angotanga paumbwe uto muenzaniso idzva, muenzaniso "Ironsides" ake vatasvi. The absolutist England akagamuchira mukuru pamisara zvichienderana akanyatsorongwa zvavo munzanga. uto idzva, mutemo uyu yakaguma. Senior nzvimbo inoitwa nevanhu vakaratidza unyanzvi hwavo uchidzidzira. Izvi zvakaita kuti cohesion uye kubatana nemauto. Uyewo, transformations aya aifarirwa nevanhu. Varimi uye zviduku landlords simbi gobvu kurerekera dzimwe nhengo dzeParamende.

New womuenzaniso mauto

Mauto matatu kwemashifiti vakabatwa nomumwe uye omurume chete kwavatungamiriri vakuru vehondo zvakananga, ivo kuve imwechete, rinosvika 22 zviuru vanhu. mitemo yakaomarara chirango nokuda zvaipesana zvakanga kunoitwa Zvirango siyana dzakanga rinorambidzwa. The morale varwi vachitsigirwa nevafundisi. Vamwe vavo vakanga varipo zvakananga muhondo, achiisa nguo vatema. Religious kudzidzisa varwi mumweya Puritanism, Cromwell zvakabatanidzwa chaiyo kukosha.

Pausiku vamiririri kumabvazuva idzo akapa zvinodiwa hondo, akati nekusagona kuramba kutsigira. Army nokubatanidzwazve kuchaderedza zvemari mari. Kubhabhatidzwa kwake muparamende idzva uto akagamuchira muhondo pana Nesbit, yakahwina kuondomoka akunde "naanamai."

Cromwell Kutonga

Pashure pomuedzo kukunda Cavaliers muParamende vakakwanisa kumisa simba ravo. Oliver Cromwell akatungamirira nyika. Ishe Mudziviriri (Cromwell rokuremekedza) yakasimbiswa anomanikidza udzvinyiriri uye "simbi" varayirwa. Aivimba nokutsigirwa yaakarwa mamwe masoja, uyo pashure pehondo yavaibatisa anokosha managerial nzvimbo. Varume ava vaiva wechokwadi Cromwell uye mirawo azadzise zvirevo ake ose. Kuramba kutora musoro King, Cromwell chaizvoizvo akatsigira Republican mamiriro England.

mitero maitiro akanga yakadzokororwa. huru Migwagwa All (kunyanya chinokosha nzira) inotongwa hondo zvachose. Panguva ino akatanga yemuna muScotland uye Ireland. Cromwell pachake akatungamirira uto kudzvinyirira navo. Pashure kudzorera murayiro, akadzosera simba yeparamende uye imba Lords. vatsigiri vose vamambo vakanga vaneta uye vachitambudzwa. At Lords vaitsigira Royalists muna Civil War, vakabata pfuma zvakakodzera kuti kuchinja. Zviito izvi vaigamuchirwa Calvin uye vanhuwo zvavo.

Rufu uye chiratidzo munhau

Oliver Cromwell akafa musi September 13, 1658. The chikonzero akanga inonzi Kusvibisa (vamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika vanofunga kuti Ishe Mudziviriri akafa nemarariya). The mariro pamusoro "simbi" Oliver akanga chic. Asi pashure pavo munyika atanga nenyonganyonga. All pamusoro England, sefungu wenyonganyonga nenyonganyonga. Parliament akamanikidzwa kukoka Charles II, mwanakomana akaurayiwa mambo pachigaro choushe. Pashure yokupedzisira Karl akarayira kuzvidzora Cromwell muviri ugoisa, uye ipapo racherwa 4 zvikamu. Kubvira ipapo, vanhuwo zvavo vairambidzwa kunyange kutaura zita "Oliver Cromwell". Biography Ishe ane kwenguva refu pasi kusenza.

Cromwell akaburuka munhau ave mutungamiri akakurumbira zvechiuto uye muvandudzi. Paitonga akanga akakurumbira kwazvo pakati vanhuwo zvavo. maitiro ake inonyatsoratidza kuti dzaCalvin uye Democracy. The zvokuchinja yakabereka Ishe Mudziviriri, ndivo danho rekutanga pakaparadzwa feudalism. Muzana remakore rechi20, akawana kwevafi chifukidzo, iyo akavigwa Oliver Cromwell. Photo zvakabudiswa pazasi. Pakupedzisira, akavigwa chete muna 1960 mune chapero rimwe Cambridge mumakoreji.

Kana isu kutaura nyaya kubva kare maonero, makore zvokuvhoterwa uye Protectorate haana zvainoita njodzi England, pasinei ose zvokuchinja kuti zviri kuziviswa Oliver Cromwell. Brief Biography of inozvikudza wokuEngland zvisinei dziri fanira kudzidziswa kosi zvirongwa zvose enhoroondo British kumayunivhesiti.