Vakadzidza absoljutizm Catherine II

Kuchinja kubva feudal nzira capitalism munyika dzakawanda kwakaitika pamusoro pakanyorwa pakaberekwa Kujekerwa dzidziso. In Russia iri nguva kwakaitika mumakore 60 XVIII remakore - ushe Catherine Guru.

Chinoziva absolutism - poumambo anobva dzematongerwe Kujekerwa. pfungwa dzacho dzinokosha vaiva zvinotevera: munhu chikuru ukoshi, zvaanofarira pamusoro pehurumende; vanhu vakaenzana mune kodzero dzavo zvisinei matunhu; Society kunofanira akavandudzika, uye vatungamirire basa ichi anofanira sayenzi uye mutemo. Tichifunga izvi zvose rava yakakurumbira pfungwa "muzivi pachigaro choumambo".

Chinoziva absolutism pakati Catherine akanga inozivikanwa nokuda Implementation zviyero mune zvinodiwa ehurumende uye neboka Mutongo (kwamachinda). Ivo vakabatsira kukura capitalism mumusasa, asi haina kufungawo vazhinji zviri evanhu upenyu panguva iyoyo.

Nechekare mumazuva rokutanga rokubata kwake ushe, Catherine akatanga nzendo dzakawanda kuti nyika (Rostov, Yaroslavl, kuBaltic enyika, akadzingapo pamusoro Ladoga Canal, ipapo akakwidza Volga Simbirsk). Akabva aziva kuti tsika vanhu yakanga yakanyanya yakaderera uye vakakurumidza "darn unopinza Makwanza utariri" (Klyuchevskii).

Chinoziva absolutism pamusoro Catherine vanyori venhau dzakaitika anonzi "yendarama zera." Empress akatsvaka nechokwadi kukura Russian Nzanga iri mu-shanduka panzira, pasi pokudzora "narodolyubivogo" mambo. Zvisinei, haana kuda kuchinja magariro kuti: umambo makamutsiridzazve tichiregeredza iri basa iri serfs uye vashandi, uye chigaro kwaibva kwamachinda, ndicho chikuru nhare absolutism.

An pfungwa zvavanofanira kubudirira mamiriro, kuti Empress yakatanga papfungwa nokubuda kubva mabasa European Kujekerwa.

Catherine akaedza neutralize kupfuura chisingafadzi "nhaka kare hwoudzvinyiriri" munyika. Iye akatangazve nokusimbisa hurumende nevaari zvakasikwa pasi Peter Wokutanga. The Seneti yakakamurwa dzikava madhipatimendi matanhatu. Chief mejasitiriti akadzorerwa, Berg-puranga, bhodhi-Manufaktur. Pfungwa centralization akaramba kudzora muboka revatungamiriri, liquidation pamusoro Hetman Ukraine.

Chinoziva absolutism of Empress kwaibva wake pachake kunzwisisa nyaya dzinofanira kutariswa. Muna 1767, Komisheni akanga kuunganidzwa kutanga zvitsva mitemo. Muna 1775, utariri kuchinja kwakatangwa. Kuwanda enyika. Vari inotungamirirwa gavhuna, uye boka enyika akawanda - vabati-mukuru. Industry, havashandisi mari yakawanda uye zveminda akatanga kutora Exchequer, zvipatara uye zvikoro - Order evoruzhinji rudo. Kubva kwokubatsira matare vakatsaurwa.

Zvishoma nezvishoma, nokutongwa rose hurongwa akava yunifomu, ari pasi vabati zvino vabati nechepakati mumakoreji uye, pakupedzisira, kuti Empress.

Muna 1779 zvakanzi yakasainwa uye yakabudiswa chirevo pamusoro Panovhurwa wakasununguka maindasitiri mabhizimisi. Vatengesi navapfuri vesimbi vakapiwa mamwe makomborero. Panyaya iyi, vakuru muna 1785 akapiwa "Letters bvumidzwa", iro atadze neropafadzo dzavo feudal.

Nokudaro, chinoziva absolutism of Empress uye chirongwa ane dzinopesana chaizvo. Kudivi rimwe, ivo nenzira yoku kuziviswa chokwadi yepamusoro uzivi rokudzidzisa Ukuwo - ndichengetedze autocracy, kwaizoita kuti kwamachinda uye serfdom.

Chinoziva absolutism kuti Catherine II rose aiva akanaka kwakabatsira kukura nyika: wakawedzera nharaunda yayo, wakawedzera vanogara vakawedzera kwemari coffers. Zvisinei, mamiriro ezvinhu vanhu vakasara chete dambudziko. In iyoyo simba murimi mudiki hondo rinotungamirirwa EI Pugachev. mibvunzo Urgent havana zvakagadziriswa zvakazara. Hurumende anoramba autocratic uye feudalistic.