Hurumende mahofisi - State sangano iri Russian Empire. Public nzvimbo: features, nhoroondo uye vheiri anonakidza

Mumutauro ano Russian zvikuru aiwanzoshandisa mashoko uye mashoko akatorwa kubva mimwe mitauro. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya kutaura kwezuva nezuva uye chaizvo chokuita rakamanikana nezvemabatiro avo nyanzvi basa. Asi mumakore achangopfuura izvi awana rimwe siyanei kuitika - takadzokera Pakuurayiwa-refu kukanganwa pre-echimurenga kare. izwi dzinogona kurondwa kusvikira kumararamire ichi mashoko "wekare matsva" "nzvimbo yavose", izvo kwemakore akawanda zvino maduramazwi anozivikanwa "sharuka". Saka zvinorevei? Sei shure mumutauro ano Russian?

Public nzvimbo: kuzivikanwa uye characterization

Muna Russian Empire hurumende mahofisi vakadanwa ehurumende masangano, umo vakuru vehondo vemo pamusoro siyana nyaya. By ichi izwi zvinonzwisiswa kwete chete tsika pacharo, asi pakuivaka anopindura. Kazhinji vanhu kuvhiringidza mumadhipatimendi akasiyana-siyana, dzakadai Office uye kugamuchirwa, achivadana vose imwe pfungwa - "nzvimbo yavose".

Masangano aya akanga ravo basa purogiramu uye imwe hierarchical chimiro, izvo, zvisinei, haana kudzivisa kukura uori uye bureaucratic nehanya, iro rinowanzoshandurwa anotaurwa munhoroondo zvinyorwa. Kakawanda chaizvo vaiva zviitiko apo aida bepa vasingagoni kusvika kubva petitioner kusvika wacho, sezvo anoenda kure nzvimbo imwe nedzimwe presences. Kazhinji, machinda akakumbira muripo wemari kuti nokukurumidza chokuendesa chikumbiro kuhofisi kwakarurama.

Masangano aya aripo kusvikira Revolution. Gare gare vakanga aparadza sezvo okushamisira uye kurongwazve sezvo mamwe masangano ehurumende.

Nhoroondo panowanikwa pamutemo nzvimbo

Vazhinji vanodavira kuti kwakadaro chinhu se "nzvimbo yavose", akasimuka chete nenhanhatu-nemanomwe remakore. Asi chokwadi nemasangano aya zvishoma akasiyana sezvo pane kare muzana remakore rechigumi nemana. Kazhinji, vari kunzvimbo dziri Kremlin - kupfuura mimwe nzvimbo muguta. Rakanga rakavakwa pagomo uye takapoteredzwa rusvingo, zviri pano kuti chaimbova kwakavakirwa kugamuchira vagari.

Pakazosvika navatanhatu remakore mahofisi ehurumende pakupedzisira aumba muviri yoga hurumende uye akatanga kugara zvikuru kuvakwa kuti ichi chivako. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mune imwe kamuri akanga akawanda masangano akasiyana. Zvinogona kuva mutemo rakasimba, matare uye hurumende dzematunhu machinda 'mahofisi. Inenge zvose mibvunzo kubva kuruzhinji kusvikira mukutanga ramakumi remakore vakanga kugadziriswa kuburikidza mumahofisi ehurumende.

Hurumende mahofisi: kukosha muupenyu mune Russian Empire

Usarerutsa kukosha paruzhinji masangano munhoroondo Russia, sapamazuva kure zhinji enyika, vakanga chete nzira yokukurukurirana pakati VOKUPARIDZIRA uye zviremera. Naizvozvo, pakuonekwa kwavo uye vanogutsikana zvakajeka yaidzorwa panguva zvemitemo chechetere. Kunenge waiti:

• Nhamba vakuru mumahofisi;
• nzvimbo mukati;
• Kuwanikwa uye mapepa acho chikamu;
• tsananguro inokosha zvinhu kuchengetedza zvinyorwa uye mari.

scrupulousness kwakadaro kunoratidza kukosha nzvimbo mukuru ezvinhu paruzhinji masangano. Vakanga anomiririrwa matatu mhando:

• hurumende nemahofisi matunhu neminisiparati;
• County;
• dzematunhu.

Mumwe tsika kuita mabasa ayo uye aiva pasi yakakwirira nhengo.

Muguta rimwe nerimwe kwaiva mahofisi ehurumende?

Nhamba pamutemo nzvimbo mundima Russian Empire hazvibviri kuziva, asi zvinonzi vaidavira kuti zvakavapo mumaguta ose. Kunyange duku County munharaunda aiva masangano akawanda zvakafanana. Izvi kunyange rakanyorwa chinhu Gogol mukuru mutambo "The Inspector General". Offices vaiva nzvimbo yeguta basa iri kuonekwa kwatiri somunhu akaita bureaucratic zvakaipa uye kukara. Zvinozivikanwa kuti munyori aida kuratidza zvose zviri zvavo upenyu muguta. Izvi zvino wakajeka kupfuura uchapupu vakawanda pamutemo nzvimbo pre-echimurenga Russia.

Kuvaka pamutemo nzvimbo: chiitiko chinokosha idzva iri Russian hwacho mapurani

Kubva navatanhatu remakore rakanga hombe kuvakwa anokosha zvivako kuti hurumende masangano. Pakazosvika namapfumbamwe remakore, pakuvaka kwakatanga kure Siberian maguta, apo vari muenzaniso wokugadzira, akaisa mataurire kwoupenyu zvivako. Most kuedza achipinda mahofisi dzematunhu hurumende. In aimbova dzakawanda mapurovhinzi Siberian, ivo zvakachengetedzwa nanhasi uye vane mamiriro mapurani sezvivako.

Kuti pave mabasa enyu pamusoro ezvivako iyoyo vaishandisa dzenhoroondo tsika Russian, dzimwe nguva tichibatanidza manyorero kumatunhu Russian zvakasiyana. Zvinenge zvose kuvaka nzvimbo yepamutemo zvaiitwa manyorero Russian classicism. Gare gare reconstructed uye mamwe masangano chokuita ichangopfuura kuitika. Vakawana sezvo pamusana symbiosis uye musanganiswa zvitaera ndiwo akasiyana muenzaniso mapurani pfungwa iri Russian Empire.

Shandisa rokuti munyika yanhasi

Shoko rokuti "yavose mahofisi" akatanga kudzokera kutaurwa mutauro pakutanga ichi remakore. Pakutanga, akaonekwa ari pamutemo mapepa chokuita hombe overhaul kwezvivako anazvo nehurumende mumaguta uye emunharaunda nzvimbo. Asi ikozvino mutsara harishandiswi nenzira Mupfungwa yakakura sapakutanga. In zvitupa rinoreva kunhaka chinzvimbo, riri hurumende nemasangano. anokosha zvinodiwa kunyaradzwa, zvinhu zvekushandisa chawo izvi. Maererano nemitemo nemirayiro, mahofisi ehurumende zvinofanira kusanganisira yokumirira, mashoko uye voruzhinji mabiko. Mukuwedzera, vanofanira kuva akasununguka uye nevachena utsanana makamuri vashanyi.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti rokuti akanga asati adzoka, asi gadziriro dzayo Implementation ari kufambira mberi zvishoma nezvishoma. Pashure pezvose, kazhinji nemhaka yokuti zvitupa zvakanaka kupinda mamiriro inowanzoshandiswa mashoko pakati pavanhu.