Ndiani akauraya Lenin? Musi rufu Lenin. Date kuberekwa uye rufu Lenin

Vladimir Ilyich Lenin aiva Russian yokutungamirira enyika, muvambi Soviet ehurumende uye Communist Party. Vachitungamirirwa wake, wakaitwa October Revolution. Date kuberekwa uye rufu mutungamiri Lenin - 1870, April 22, 1924 uye January 21 azvaitwa.

Political uye mamiriro basa

Muna 1917, pashure asvika Petrograd, mutungamiriri proletariat yakatungamirira October yemuna. Panguva Second Congress of vokuSoviet, iye akasarudzwa sachigaro SNK (Council Vanhu vaJehovha Commissars) uye Council of murimi mudiki uye kushanda kuzvidavirira. Bolshevik Mutungamiri aiva nhengo Central Executive Committee. Kubvira 1918, Lenin akararama muMoscow. Pakuguma of Brest runyararo mutungamiriri proletariat rwakaita basa rinokosha. Kubvira muna 1922 ake ezvematongerwo enyika akaita dzakavharwa nokuda kurwara. Akaberekwa Lenin uye zvematongerwo enyika worufu, kuonga kwake kwakasimba basa, kuva nhoroondo.

Events muna 1918

Muna 1918, August 30, akatanga nevapanduki. Trotsky panguva iyoyo muMoscow akanga asipo - akanga ari Eastern Front, muna Kazan. Dzerzhinsky akamanikidzwa kusiya guru chokuita kupondwa Uritsky. MuMoscow, pakava akaoma chaizvo mamiriro ezvinhu. Shamwari neshamwari vakaomerera kuti Lenin haana kwaamboenda, haana kupinda chero zviitiko. Asi mutungamiri Bolsheviks vakaramba kutyora nezuva kutaura nevatungamiriri venyika vepurovhinzi. Rakanga rakarongwa kutaura panguva Basmanny yoruwa, pamusoro pechinopiwa pamusika. Maererano netsamba kuna Munyori District Committee of reruwa Yampolsky, Lenin Guard akapiwa Szablowski, iyo zvino yakanga kunze Vladimira Ilicha kuna Zamoskvorechye. Zvisinei, kwemaawa maviri kana matatu asati kutanga musangano kwayo akaudzwa kuti yaida chiito hakusi mutungamiri. Asi mutungamiri muna Corn Exchange asi asvika. Vakarinda nayo, sezvaitarisirwa, Shablovsky. Asi chirimwa Michelson kudzivirira haana.

Ndiani akauraya Lenin?

Kaplan (Fanny Efimovna) aiva muiti ari akaedza chigaro mutungamiri. Kubva 1918 hazvina achishingaira collaborated pamwe Right Socialist-kuipandukira, vakanga ari Semi-pamutemo. To mutungamiriri proletariat zvesimba nzvimbo Kaplan vakauya pachine. I kupfura kunze anenge ari abutment Browning. All mabara matatu vanogumurwa kubva chombo yakarova Lenin. Vakapupurira chigaro aiva mutyairi mutungamiri - Gil. Haana kuona Kaplan murima, uye kana ndikanzwa kwepfuti, sezvinoratidzwa nevamwe manyuko, musoro wake uye haana kupfura shure. Gare gare, achibvisa kunyumwira kubva pachake, Gil akati panguva kubvunzurudzwa kuti pashure kutaura mutungamiriri muchivanze mufekitari kubva vazhinji vashandi. Ndizvo chaitadzisa kuti kuvhura moto. Lenin akakuvadzwa, asi kwete kuurayiwa. Naizvozvo, maererano nhoroondo uchapupu, muimbi kuedza akapfurwa uye muviri wake kupiswa.

Kushatiswa hutano mutungamiri, uchifamba Gorki

Muna 1922, muna March, Vladimir Ilyich akatanga zvikuru kakawanda pfari aine kurasikirwa chavanoziva. Gore rakatevera, kurudyi muviri akava rutivi rwomuviri uye kutaura kurasikirwa. Zvisinei, pasinei chakakomba ezvinhu akadaro, vanachiremba aitarisira kuvandudza zvinhu. Muna May 1923, Lenin akakurudzirwa Gorki. Pano, mamiriro utano hwake hwava nani chaizvo. Muna October, akanga akumbira kutora naye Moscow. Zvisinei, iye akaramba ari guru kwenguva refu. By chando, mutungamiri Bolshevik wehurumende akanga nani saka akatanga kuedza kunyora noruoko rwake rworuboshwe, uye panguva Christmas miti December, manheru vakapedza nevana.

Zvakaitika okupedzisira asati afa mutungamiri

Sezvo akapupura commissar Eutano Semashko, mazuva maviri asati afa Vladimir Ilyich vakaenda kunovhima. Izvi hwakasimbiswa uye Krupskaya. Akati kuti pamusoro avaida Lenin ari musango, asi, sokuti, vaneta zvikuru. Apo Vladimir Ilyich agere muvharanda, akanga akacheneruka kwazvo, uye akaramba vakabatwa nehope dzake chair. Mumakore mwedzi, akanga asina akarara masikati. Mazuva mashoma asati afa Krupskaya akanga ainzwa kuswedera pedyo chinhu chakaipisisa. View kubva mutungamiri aneta zvikuru uye aneta. Akanga rakachenuruka chaizvo, uye meso ake, anoyeuka Nadezhda, akanga akasiyana. Asi, pasinei vaitozonyepa muvanhu kuti seyi anonongedzera, January 21 akanga aronga rwendo kunovhima. Maererano vanachiremba, nguva yose mberi kuoma dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri midziyo uropi, zvokuti "dzima" mumwe pashure nezvimwe zvikamu uropi.

Last zuva

Professor Osipov, uyo aibata Lenin rinotsanangura nhasi, achipupura kune mukuru zvakawanda zvive pamusoro mutungamiri. zuva rechi20 aiva murombo kudya, manzwiro aiva languid. Pazuva iroro, haana kuda kubata nadzo. Panopera zuva Lenin akaiswa kuti mubhedha. Iye akagadzwa kuva safarira kudya. Zviri mamiriro lethargy Zvakacherechedzwa uye zuva rakatevera, wezvematongerwe enyika akaramba akarara kwemaawa mana. Ndakashanyira naye mangwanani, masikati uye manheru maawa. Masikati paiva kudya, mutungamiriri akapa muto. By nhanhatu o'clock pfuma zvirwere wakacherechedza, kwaiva chinyamunhari chinorwadza makumbo uye maoko, wezvematongerwe enyika ndafenda. Chiremba rinoratidza kuti zvakarurama muzvidimbu akanga akaoma chaizvo - zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti atsaudzire gumbo panguva ibvi. Jerky kufamba dzakanga kuchengetwa parutivi mutumbi rworuboshwe. Fita achiperekedzwa wakawedzera mwoyo uye kufema rokumuka. Kuwanda kundosvikira akaswedera 36, uye mwoyo wacho wakaderedzwa pamwero wenyika 120-130 anorova paminiti. Panguva iyo kwaiva zvakunoreva chaizvo chiratidzo, ari kutyora zvakarurama kufema mutinhimira. Izvi mhando kwouropi afemeruke ndiyo ngozi chaizvo uye dzinenge nguva dzose anoratidza nzira okuparadzwa. Kwapera nguva, mamiriro ezvinhu akaita kugadzikana zvishoma. Huwandu kufema inofamba wacho wakaderedzwa kusvika 26, uye kupomba - kuti anorova 90 paminiti. Lenin muviri tembiricha panguva ino kwakanga 42,3 inegumi. kuwedzera kwakadaro kwakaguma chinoramba convulsive mamiriro, izvo zvishoma nezvishoma kwakatanga kuderera. Varapi simbi kudya zvimwe tariro normalization ezvinhu uye zvakanaka zvaizoitika kufenda. Zvisinei, panguva 18,50 kumeso Lenin kuti payakakurudzirwa Chiso chinopenya, zvakanga mutsvuku, zvakanga pepuru. Zvino mukuru akatora befu, uye mune inotevera kamwe - akafa. Mushure CPR rakaiswa. Kudzokera Vladimira Ilicha upenyu, vanachiremba vave kuedza kwemaminitsi 25, asi manipulations zvose zvaiva kubudirira. Akafa mwoyo nokukundikana uye kufema.

Chakavanzika rufu Lenin

Mushumo wehurumende zvokurapa, chakataurwa kuti mutungamiri mberi kwakapararira atherosclerosis kwouropi midziyo. Pane imwe nguva, nokuda kweropa zvirwere uye hemorrhages iri nyoro goko Lenin akafa. Zvisinei, vamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika vanofunga kuti umhondi rakanga Lenin, kureva iye muchetura. State mutungamiri akarwarisa zvishoma nezvishoma. Sezvinoita wenhau Lurie rinoratidza Lenin muna 1921, sitiroko, kusiya kurudyi muviri akafa mitezo. Zvisinei, pakazosvika 1924 akakwanisa kupora zvokuti akakwanisa kuenda pakuvhima. Winters wetsinga, kudzidza zvakadzama nhoroondo chirwere, kunyange akapupura kuti mashoma maawa asati afa mutungamiri yave chaizvo uye kunyange kutaura. Nguva pfupi asati dzinouraya mugumo zvakaitika pfari akawanda. Asi maererano wetsinga, zvakanga Waingova kuratidzwa sitiroko - Zviratidzo izvi anowanzoramba iyi pathological ezvinhu. Zvisinei, uku kwakanga kusiri chete uye kwete zvakawanda mune chirwere. Saka nei Lenin akafa? Maererano kwemamiriro toxicological kuongororwa, iyo inoitwa panguva kuvhuya chitunha, zvisaririra kwakawanikwa mumuviri mutungamiri wenyika zvine chepfu. On hwaro ichi, nyanzvi vakagumisa kuti mhaka rufu yaiva muchetura.

shanduro vaongorori

Kana mutungamiri muchetura, zvino ndiani akauraya Lenin? Mushure mechinguva akatanga kuisa mberi yakasiyana Bhaibheri. Mukuru "yevaifungidzirwa" raiva Stalin. Maererano nevanyori venhau dzakaitika, ndiye kupfuura munhu vaizobatsirwa rufu mutungamiri. Iosif Stalin akatsvaka kuva mutungamiriri nyika, uye chete kubvisa Vladimira Ilicha aigona kuzadzisa ichi. Maererano neimwe shanduro dzakauraya Lenin, kunyumwira akazviwisira Trotsky. Zvisinei, mhedziso iyi zvinenge anobata. Vazhinji kare vari pfungwa kuti kupondwa mutengi achiri Stalin. Pasinei chokwadi kuti Lenin uye Stalin vaiva shamwari, wokutanga waiva pamusoro kugadzwa mutungamiriri nyika yechipiri. Mundima iyi, pokuziva ngozi, Lenin, pamusoro avaida rufu rwake, akaedza kuvaka tactical abatana Trotsky. Pokufa mutungamiri Iosifu Stalinu vaipa ane simba neMhedziso. Negore rufu Lenin aiva mugove enyika zviitiko. Pashure porufu rwake akatanga reshuffle iri utariri chikwata. nhamba dzakawanda zvabviswa Stalin. New vanhu vakauya kuzotora nzvimbo yavo.

Maererano nedzimwe nyanzvi

Lenin akafa achiri pakati zera (sei makore Lenin akafa akawanda, zviri nyore kuti kuverenga). Masayendisiti anoti masvingo chepfungwa ropa nhumbi mutungamiri kwemakore ake 53 vakanga zvishoma yakasimba pane zvinodiwa. Zvisinei, zvikonzero kuramba kuparadzwa kujeka muuropi munyama. Chinangwa afunge zvinokonzera kuti ichi chakanga chisiri: Vladimir Ilyich aiva muduku zvokuti uye havana kutora mukana uyu mhando zvokurwara. Mukuwedzera, enyika haana kuputa pachake, uye haana kubvumira vanosvuta kwaari. Akanga asina kufutisa kana chirwere cheshuga. Vladimir Ilyich haana vanotambura neBP kana zvimwe cardiac pathologies. Pakafa mutungamiriri, paiva nerunyerekupe kuti muviri wake yakarohwa njovhera, asi uchapupu ichi chakawanikwa. Dzimwe nyanzvi kutaura yedzinza. Sezvo chikazozikamwa, musi rufu Lenin - January 21, 1924-ndipo. Akararama gore isingasviki baba vake, avo akafa ava namakore 54. Vladimir Ilyich muve kubatwa kune vascular zvokurwara. Mukuwedzera, mutungamiri webato yakanga mumamiriro musoro anenge rusingaperi. Chinowanzoonekwa vakateverera kutya upenyu hwake. Kufara aiva zvinopfuura zvakakwana achiri muduku uye vari munhu mukuru.

Events afa mutungamiri

mashoko akarurama pamusoro dzakauraya Lenin, kwete. Zvisinei, Trotsky, muna imwe nyaya vaizviti chepfu mutungamiriri Stalin. Zvikurukuru, akanyora kuti vakasuwa February 1923, panguva musangano Politburo, Stalin akati kuti Vladimir Ilyich nokukurumidza zvinoda kuti iwe. Lenin akakumbira muchetura. Mutungamiri vakatanga zvakare havachakwanisi kutaura, akasarangarira ake ezvinhu asina tariro. Haana kutenda vanachiremba, akatambudzika, asi kuramba Kujeka pfungwa. Stalin akati Trotsky, Vladimir Ilyich kuneta kutambura uye anoda kutakura chepfu kuti, kana yava zvachose sokusingatsungiririki, kuti zvatopera. Zvisinei, Trotsky akanga zvachose pamusoro (chero zvazvingava, akati panguva). Chiitiko ichi ndicho chisimbiso - munyori Lenin kwakaita akandiudza pamusoro iyi, munyori Beck. Trotsky akapikisa kuti mashoko ake, Stalin akaedza kupa munhu umboo, wakati asarudza chefura mutungamiri.

A shoma zvinhu kuramba kuti mutungamiriri proletariat muchetura

Vamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika vanofunga kuti mashoko akavimbika kupfuura ari pamutemo mhedziso kuvarapi ndiwo musi rufu Lenin. imwe kuvhuya chitunha akanga kuitwa zvaidiwa zvakakodzera chokungoitawo. Kuendeswa kutarisirwa General Secretary - Stalin. Munguva kuvhuya chitunha, vanachiremba havana kutsvaga uturu. Asi kana ndikawana nyanzvi njere, zvingangoita Vaiedza mberi shanduro kuzviuraya. Zvinofungirwa kuti uturu Stalin haana kuwana mutungamiri. Zvikasadaro, pashure pokufa akatsiva Lenin kwakaita angadai akaparadza zvapupu vose uye vanhu vakanga pedyo Ilyich kuti kwakanga kusina chero. Mukuwedzera, panguva yorufu rwake mutungamiriri proletariat yave ndisingaite. Vanachiremba havana ramangwana zvinokosha kuvandudzika, saka ndingangokuvara utano kupora yave diki.

Pakanga pasina uchapupu chepfu

Zvinofanira Zvisinei, vanoti shanduro maererano nako Lenin vakafa muchetura, ane nevatsigiri zhinji. Panotova anoverengeka chokwadi vane izvi. Somuenzaniso, munyori Soloviev Rakakwanira nyaya iyi yakawanda mapeji. Kunyanya, mubhuku "Operation Mausoleum" Trotsky kuti kupopotedzana munyori rinobvuma dzinoverengeka nharo:

1. Kuvhuya chitunha akatanga kunonoka maawa 16 uye maminitsi 20.
2. By mhedziso hapana siginicha mumwe wenyanzvi - pachako chiremba Trotsky uye mutungamiri pachake - Guetera. Mazvikokota akataura kutenda akaipa kuvhuya chitunha.
3. Pakati penyanzvi havana pathologists.
4. Not rakaitwa kuongorora makemikari mudumbu mukati.
5. Nhengo dzakakosha, kusanganisira mwoyo, mapapu zvakanga zvakanaka. Nokudaro dumbu masvingo zvakaparadzwa.

Pane uchapupu hwokuti chiremba Gavriila Volkova. Ndikati kuti chiremba uyu akasungwa pfupi pashure porufu womutungamiri. Paaiva mujeri, Volkov akaudza Elizabeth Lesotho - ake cellmate - kwakaitika mangwanani musi 21 January. Chiremba vakauya Lenin pa 11 o'clock zvemasikati. Vladimir Ilyich ari pamubhedha, uye akaona Volkov, akaedza mukai akatambanudzira maoko ake kuna iye. Zvisinei, mauto vakasiya zvematongerwo enyika, uye akawira nezvifukidzo zvakare. Muchiitiko chino, katsamba paruoko akawa. Mapere vakakwanisa kuzvivanza chiremba vasati akapinda uye akaita rakanyorovera Yelistratov vapfurwa. Lenin akafa pasi, maziso ake, sezvo zvikazooneka nokusingaperi. Uye manheru, kana Lenin akanga afa, Volkov akakwanisa kuverenga kucherechedza. Mairi mutungamiri akanyora kuti akanga muchetura. Solovyov akati kuti mutemo muchetura howa muto, iyo wakapindwa ine uturu howa Dried cortinarius ciosissimus, kukonzera kukurumidza rufu Lenin. Kurwira simba pashure porufu mutungamiriri aiva asingarwi. Stalin akagamuchira simba kwakakwana uye akazova mutungamiri wenyika, vachibvisa vose vasingadiwi vanhu kwaari. Gore kuberekwa uye rufu Lenin nokuti Soviet vanhu vakava asingakanganwiki kwenguva refu.