The musha wemadzitateguru Slavs. Version uye gakava nezvemavambo uye yemadzitateguru kumba Slavs

Aripiko musha wemadzitateguru Slavs? Ndezvipi shanduro masayendisiti akaisa mberi panhau iyi? Verenga nyaya uye uchadzidza mhinduro dzemibvunzo iyi. Slavs ethnogenesis ndiwo muitiro womunhu inotungamirwa necheSalvic dzinza vemunharaunda yekare, izvo zvakazoita kuti kuparadzana vanhu kubva vakawanda vemadzinza Indo-European. Nhasi hapana kazhinji akagamuchira shanduro kuibvisa ari necheSalvic dzinza.

Wokutanga uchapupu

The musha wemadzitateguru Slavs ichifarirwa nyanzvi dzakawanda. rudzi urwu yakatanga mekuwana mune Byzantine zvinyorwa VI remakore. Zvekumashure, mabhuku aya anotaurawo Slavs ari IV remakore. Kwekutanga ruzivo chokuita ndudzi aimbotaurawo etnogeneze necheSalvic (Bastarnians), asi mwero mumabasa akasiyana-nhoroondo restorations dzinosiyana.

kusimbisa zvakanyorwa nevanyori VI remakore kubva Byzantium kutaura isingachinji rudzi, akakamurwa Antes uye sklaviny. Venedy kutaurwa sezvo necheSalvic madzitateguru retrospectively mirayiridzo. Uchapupu nevanyori neyechiRoma (I-II muzana.) Pakati Wends Musavabvumira kubatanidza navamwe yakare tsika Slavs.

tsananguro

The musha wemadzitateguru Slavs haisi chaiyo kunorondedzerwa. vanochera matongo Russian mudane mumanyoro zvimwe zvekare tsika, kubvira V remakore. The renyanzvi hapana chete nemaonero pamusoro dzinza dzinza nevezvenhau dzomunyika akapfuura uye ukama hwavo akazotevera necheSalvic. Nyanzvi dzemitauro vane mafungiro akasiyana panguva mutauro, izvo zvinogona kunzi necheSalvic kana kwechiSlavonic. Current dzesayenzi fungira Shanduro kusarudzwa Russian kutaura kubva Pie iri rakakura-siyana 2nd chemakore BC. e. wekutanga emakore. e.

History dzidzo, mavambo uye nzvimbo Ruthenian kudzidza chinokosha nzira dzekare panguva mhesano sciences siyana: kare, zvemutauro, genetics, paleoanthropology, akiyoroji.

Indo-vokuEurope

musha wemadzitateguru Slavs nhasi chitonge pfungwa dzakawanda. Zvinozivikanwa kuti Bronze Age muCentral Europe yakanga yakajairika ethno-mitauro nenzanga Indo-European rudzi. Basa renyu pakati mapoka kutaura nharo. muzvinadzidzo wokuGermany G. Krae akagumisa kuti apo Indo-Iranian, Anatolian, Greek uye mitauro Armenian vakatobatana vakaparadzana uye vakava yakazvimiririra, Celtic, Italic, Illyrian, eGermany, reBaltic kana necheSalvic mitauro vaingova tumitauro pamusoro chete mutauro mumwe Indo-European. VokuEurope Ancient vaigara nechepakati Europe kuchamhembe Alps, akasika zvakafanana nemashoko munharaunda hwokurima, chitendero, uye magariro ukama.

East rudzi

Uripiko yemadzitateguru musha raiva mabvazuva Slavs? Madzinza rudzi urwu, urwo vakakwanisa batanidza kuva chete chairema (mu zvinofungwa masayendisiti akawanda), akaita mukuru Vagari romuMiddle yekare. Somugumisiro, haizopereri kuparadzana enyika vanhu ava, kuti XVII remakore akaumbwa vanhu vatatu: Belarusian, Russian uye Ukrainian.

Ndivanaani vari kumabvazuva Rusyns? Russian Nzanga iri tsika uye mitauro kuti kushandisa mashoko ake ari East necheSalvic mitauro. Vamwe vaongorori mangwanani akashandisawo pakunzi 'Russian Slavs. " East Slav ... nhoroondo Its anozivikanwa zvishoma. Chikonzero hachisi chete kusavapo mutauro wavo rakanyorwa, asi remoteness pamusoro yakabudirira nzvimbo kwenguva.

East Slav akarondedzera Byzantine, Arab uye Persian zvinyorwa zvakanyorwa. Vamwe mashoko akasawana tichibatsirwa kuenzaniswa kuongorora mitauro necheSalvic uye matongo mashoko.

kuwedzera

The musha wemadzitateguru Slavs vavo kugarwa zvinokurukurwa ne vaongorori vakawanda. Vamwe vanodavira kuti kuwedzera kwakaitika nokuda kwevanhu kuputika, kunokonzerwa nokudziya okunze, kana veMubatanidzwa zvemazuva ano kuti kurima, uye vamwe - kuti mhosva yacho Kutama Great, yakaparadzwa muzana remakore rokutanga AD, chikamu Europe munguva Sarmatian incursions, vanhu vokuGermany, vaAvar, Huns, Bulgar uye Russian.

Kwasara mavambo uye yemadzitateguru kumba Slavs nechokuita vanogara Przeworsk netsika. rudzi urwu bordered kumavirira pamwe Celtic uye ekuGermany dzedzinza nyika, kumabvazuva - pamwe Finno-ugortsami uye Baltic nyika, kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva uye kumaodzanyemba - pamwe Sarmatians. Vamwe prospectors vanofunga kuti iyi paiva zvakawanda risina kumiswa necheSalvic-Balt raora, kureva, madzinza izvi vasati chaizvo ichiparara.

Panguva iyoyo ndipo Krivichy kuwedzera Smolensk Dnieper mudunhu. Munharaunda kare avapo tushemlinskaya ibudirire umo urudzi, vanochera matongo tarisa zvakasiyana. Rwakatsiviwa yekare evasingatombonamati necheSalvic tsika uye tushemlinskie kugarwa zvakaparadzwa, nekuti panguva iyoyo Slavs kunyange mumaguta akararama.

zvakawanikwa

Dangwe madzinza necheSalvic akadzidza yakakurumbira nyanzvi Academician O. N. Trubachov. Aitsanangura ari necheSalvic mutauro blacksmithing, kuumba uye nezvimwe rwokugadzira uye akagumisa kuti vatakuri yekare kwechiSlavonic tumitauro (kana madzitateguru avo) panguva yakaumbwa hunokodzera mazwi vachishingaira neVadzidzi vokuItaly uye vokuGermany, ndiko Indo-Central Europe. Iye anotenda kuti madzinza Rus yekare vakamira kubva Indo-European munzanga Danube nharaunda (nechekuchamhembe muBalkans), ndokuzoenda uye akabatanidza mamwe madzinza. Trubachev anoti hazvibviri kuziva nzira wemitauro nguva kupatsanurwa Proto-necheSalvic remutauro of Indo-European pamusana zvekare hwepedyo.

Nyanzvi dzakawanda vanoti kuti vanhuwo mutauro necheSalvic akatanga kuumbwa muzana remakore rokutanga AD. e. Vamwe pakati I chemakore BC. e. Maererano glottochronology, mutauro necheSalvic akanga vakanyarara pakati II Millennium BC. e. Vamwe nyanzvi dzemitauro vanodana adarika.

lexical ongororo

Version yemadzitateguru kumba Slavs varipo zvakasiyana. Vazhinji vakaedza kurondedzera wekare kumusha kuna Rus nokuongorora chakazovapo okuberekwa. F. P. Filin anotenda kuti rudzi urwu kwakasimbiswa musango bhandi zvakawanda marshes uye nyanza, kubva kugungwa, makomo uye steppes.

Pahwaro yakakurumbira Beech nharo Polish nyanzvi J. Rostafinsky akaedza kutsvaka praotechestvo Slavs muna 1908: "Indo-European Beech zita Slavs akatamira the willow, the willow uye aiziva Beech, misipuresi larch." Shoko "Beech" chakumbirwa kubva mutauro wokuGermany. Nhasi, rokumabvazuva muganhu irradiation pehuni riri pamusoro Odessa - Kaliningrad, asi kuidzwa mukume mu chinyorwa zvinoratidza zvakawanda paupamhi nharaunda kare.

Mune Bronze Age, iyo Beech akakura anenge dzose Eastern Europe (kunze kuchamhembe). Mune Iron Age, panguva paumbwe necheSalvic dzinza (mu pfungwa dzakawanda dzekare), Beech residues anowanikwa munzvimbo dzakawanda dzeRussia, Carpathians, kuCaucasus, muCrimea neGungwa Black nharaunda. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvimwe nzvimbo yacho necheSalvic ethnogenesis angava wezasi-kumadokero Russia, kuchamhembe uye nechepakati kumatunhu Ukraine, Belarus.

Mugore Russian rwokumusoro-kumadokero (Novgorod pfuma) Beech akura kare Ages. Beech masango vane nhasi Northern uye Western Europe, Poland, ivo Carpathians, muBalkans. In yavo yepanyama dzinogarisana yemisipiresi asingadi kukura pamusoro nyika Carpathians uye nomuganhu muPoland kuna Volga. With ichi nuance nyika yokumusha Rusyns anogona kuiswa kumwe Belarus kana Ukraine, kana nyanzvi dzemitauro vanofungidzira botanical duramazwi vanhu ava kwakarurama.

Mumitauro necheSalvic zvose (uye Balt) rine shoko "madota", kureva zvakafanana muti. Nokudaro kwaiva pfungwa pamusoro bindepinde nzvimbo pamwe Linden yokumusha madzinza Russian, asi nekuda yokupararira chirimwa ichi zvinoshamisa hazvina kucherechedzwa.

Report philologists Soviet

The musha wemadzitateguru Slavs vavo ethnogenesis kukonzera kufarira unyanzvi zhinji. Wepasi kuchamhembe kuUkraine uye Belarus ndezvaJehovha nzvimbo yakafara yokupararira Balt nzvimbo mazita. Dzakananga mukudzidza Soviet academicians philologists O. N. Trubachova uye V. N. Toporova akaratidza kuti Balta hydronyms wekamuri Dnieper nharaunda kazhinji yakashongedzwa suffixes Slavs. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vanhu kwakaonekwa gare gare Balts. mismatch ichi panobviswa, kana isu bvuma nezvavanofunga nomunhu nyanzvi dzemitauro pamusoro yavaive of Proto-necheSalvic nendimi obschebaltskogo.

Opinion V. N. Toporova

VN Toporov akafunga Balt zviri pedyo epakutanga Indo-European, apo mimwe mitauro yose Indo-European kukura kwacho kure primordial mamiriro. Anoti Proto-necheSalvic remutauro raiva kumaodzanyemba Baltic peripheral remutauro, izvo zvakaita kuti Proto-necheSalvic akapoteredza V remakore BC. e. uye ipapo vakazvimiririra tinoshandurirwa mutauro yekare Rusyns.

shanduro

Gakava pamusoro kwakabva yemadzitateguru kumba Slavs uye mberi nhasi. Panguva yaitonga Soviet Union, zviviri shanduro zvikuru Rusyn ethnogenesis kunge rinoparadzirwa:

1. Polish (anosarudza yemadzitateguru kumba Slavs munharaunda pakati Oder uye Vistula).
2. Autochthonous (yakatanga pasi pokudzora yokungotaura maonero musayendisiti Soviet Marr).

Vose recreate pre-abvumirana necheSalvic kwakabva mukutanga zvekare tsika Panyika, izvo kuMiddle Ages yaigarwa Rusyns, uye vamwe nemakore vekare, akati kuti vanhu, vakazvimiririra aumba kubva pai.

Kuunganidza mashoko ari pakutsvakurudza uye zvichiguma kubva nyika tsananguro kwakakonzera chidzoke versioner itsva inobva yavaive rinotarisa chinoumba iri necheSalvic dzinza boka ichiibvira nokuparadzirwa kuburikidza ayo vaitamira kune pedyo nenharaunda.

An zvedzidzo kuranga haana kuitwa chimwe nemaonero pamusoro nzvimbo uye nguva ethnogenesis of Slavs. Nhasi hapana kwose akagamuchira mashoko panotaurwa pamusoro tsika yakare vanhu ava. Achivimbisa munhau iyi kungava chiratidzo bezdialektnosti mutauro Ruthenian yekare.

Hwakatadza kuumba uchapupu shanduro ethnogenesis Russian pahwaro mashoko mumwe nyaya yesayenzi oga. Current dzidziso vanoedza nokubatanidza mashoko ose munhoroondo anoranga. Kazhinji, zvinofungirwa kuti necheSalvic urudzi akazviratidza nokuda kwemapazi akasiyana Indo-European kwemadzinza munharaunda pakupera kwezana pakati muSitiya-Sarmatian uye kuBaltic States, pamwe kutora chikamu Finnish, Celtic nezvimwe substrates.

pfungwa remasayendisiti

Masayendisiti havana chokwadi chokuti necheSalvic dzinza BC. e. I ariko. Izvi zvinoratidzwa munhu dzinopikisana zvekungofungira kuti nyanzvi dzemitauro. Hapana uchapupu hwokuti Slavs vakaburuka Balts. Kushandisa mabhuku akasiyana, muzvinadzidzo kuvaka pfungwa yemidzi Russian. Zvisinei, havasi chete zvakasiyana kusarudza nzvimbo necheSalvic yemadzitateguru kumba, asi akataurawo dzakasiyana nguva hurumende ichiisa Slavs kubva Indo-European munharaunda.

Kune hypotheses zhinji, maererano iyo Rusins uye praotechestvo kwatova kubva mukupera III chemakore BC. e. (O. H. Trubachev) pamuuyu II chemakore. e. (Polish renyanzvi Tadeusz Lehr-Spławiński T., K. Yazhdzhevsky, Yu Kostshevsky nevamwe), kubva pakati II Millennium BC. e. (Polish muzvinafundo F. Slavskii), pamwe VI. BC. e. (L. Niederle, M. Vasmer, P. J. Safarik, S. B. Bernshteyn).

The tanga kufembera nesayenzi nezvezvinhu praotchizne Slavs kunogona kuwanikwa mabasa Russian Vanyori XVIII-XIX emakore. V. O. Klyuchevskogo, S. M. Solovova, N. M. Karamzina. Muzvidzidzo zvavo, ivo vanovimba "zvakaedza zvekare Years" uye vakagumisa kuti rekare yokumusha Rusyns vaiva rwizi Danube uye muBalkans.