Mwarikadzi yeEgipita mazita, mapikicha. Vanamwari uye vanamwarikadzi muIjipiti yekare: Pamazita

Nokuti zvose nyika yekare vanhu ikazadzwa chakavanzika. Zvakawanda nharaunda dzavo, vakanzwisisa sevasingazikamwi uye zvinotyisa. vanamwari veIjipiti yekare vaiva vanhu chaivo uye chinoshamisa masimba kuti kunzwisisa maumbirwo wezvose.

Vanamwari veIjipiti

Zvinotendwa navanamwari uye imwe pashure porufu dzakaiswa mubudiriro yekare yokuIjipiti kubva pamavambo ayo, uye vanaFarao kodzero kwakavakirwa dzakavapo naMwari. Egyptian pantheon inogarwa vanamwari pamwe nemasimba emidzimu naro Vakabatsira vatendi uye kuvadzivirira. Asi vamwari havana nguva zvinobatsira, saka, kuti vamufarire, zvaida munamato kwete chete, asiwo zvakasiyana siyana zvinopiswa.

Vezvenhau vari vamwari anopfuura zviuru zviviri muEgipita pantheon yekare. Huru vanamwari uye vanamwarikadzi muIjipiti yekare, vakanamata hwose ndima nemazita isingasviki zana. Yakawanda yokuzorora akanamata chete mamwe madzinza uye nzvimbo. chitendero yenyika, iyo yave pasi vazhinji kuchinja yave vakasikwa kukura ekare vekuIjipiti uye tsika. Vanamwari uye vanamwarikadzi yeIjipiti kazhinji achinja chinzvimbo chavo uye nzvimbo vakuru vakuru, zvichienderana political ushande.

mushure mokufa zvinotendwa

VaEgipita vaidavira kuti munhu wose chinosanganisira zvokunyama nhengo. Kuwedzera Mid-Atlantic Ridge (muviri) Murume ane musimboti shu, ft (mweya), Ka (upenyu simba) (kana rima divi mweya mumvuri). Pakafa mudzimu asunungurwa kubva mumuviri uye akaramba zvivepo, asi kuti zvakanga zvakakodzera chaiko mapfupa kana yokutsiva (eg chifananidzo) - sezvo musha wechigarire.

Pakupedzisira Vavariro mushakabvu aiva kubatanidza Ka ake uye sq kuva mumwe we "vakaropafadzwa akafa", kurarama demo (pakunamata fomu). Kuti izvozvo zviitike, mushakabvu vaifanira kubvuma akakodzera mudare, apo mwoyo wake vakayerwa munhu "munhenga chokwadi". Kana Vamwari vakatenda akafa vakakodzera, aigona kuramba kuripo panyika mumweya fomu. Uye pakutanga zvaifungwa kuti musimboti wenyika BA akanga chete vamwari uye vanamwarikadzi yeEgipita. Somuenzaniso, Dare Ra akanga atova nomwe ba, asi gare gare vapristi vakatsunga kuti munhu wose ane sangano iri, nokudaro vachiratidza napedyo yayo kuna vanamwari.

No zvishoma kunakidza ndiye mwoyo, kwete uropi, kwainzi pachigaro pfungwa uye manzwiro, saka aigona kuva mudare kupupurira kuti kana mhosva vashakabvu.

Muitiro Kunamata

Gods vainamata mutemberi kutarisirwa vapristi ndikaita nokuda Farao. Pakati yetemberi iri chifananidzo chamwari kana mwarikadzi Egipita, iyo chakatsaurirwa kuna kanosvota. Netemberi havana nzvimbo dzokunamatira paruzhinji kana gungano. Kazhinji, kuwana muenzaniso mwari uye tsika yokunamata kwave kure kunze nyika uye inowanikwa chete nevafundisi. Chete panguva imwe mhemberero chidhori Mwari vakatsungirira kunamata paruzhinji.

Vagari Common vaigona kunamata vanamwari pachavo emifananidzo yavo uye mazango kumba, ivo kudzivirira kubva mauto nyonganyonga. Nekuti mushure New Kingdom waFarao basa sechinhu chikuru pakunamata nhume yakaguma manamatiro kunge zvava kunamata vanamwari yakananga. Somugumisiro, vapristi yakatanga kwegadziriro masvikiro kutaura kuda vanamwari zvakananga vatendi.

chitarisiko

Most muEgipita vamwari panyama chimiro, somunhu ushe, kunosanganisira vanhu nemhuka, vazhinji vavo vakasonganira mhuka imwe kana kupfuura mhuka.

Zvaidavirwa kuti mafungiro umo vasara vanamwari mwarikadzi Egypt, kana kubatsirwa zvakananga pamusoro mufananidzo mhuka, nechati chitarisiko chavo. Runouyisa huMwari ichifananidzwa anotyisa Seshumbakadzi achifara yokudenga kuti seungano rudo katsi.

Kusimbisa hunhu uye simba vamwari, ivo vakanga vatora kumirira munhu muviri uye musoro mhuka, kana vakutarisire. Dzimwe nguva nzira iyi yaishandiswa kuratidza simba raFarao, aigona anoratidzwa aine musoro womunhu uye muviri weshumba, sapamazuva nyaya sphinx.

vanamwari vakawanda chete yevanhu. Pakati pavo paiva nenhamba sezvo vanamwari kwazvo yekare cosmogonic uye vanamwarikadzi yeEgipita kwakadaro: Air - Shu, nyika - Geb, denga - Nut, wembereko - Min uye Ptah Artisan.

Kune akawanda vanamwari vaduku, uyo akatora pamusoro zvokufananidzira siyana, kusanganisira Amat mwarikadzi, kuparadza vakafa. mufananidzo wake chikamu garwe, shumba uye Mvuu.

vanamwari Ennead

In Egyptian mungano, pane pfumbamwe zvikuru vamwari rezuva, izvo zvinonzi zviri Ennead. The nzvimbo yechizvarirwo guru Divine mipfumbamwe ndiye weOni munharaunda zuva, kwaiva muzinda wokunamata mwari mukuru Atum (yaAmun, Amoni Ra, Ptah) uye vamwe vanamwari zvikuru chokuita nayo. Saka, vakanga huru vanamwari uye vanamwarikadzi yeEgipita mazita: yaAmun, Geb, Nut, Isis, Osiris, Shu, Tefnut, Nephthys, Seti.

Mwari mukuru yeIjipiti yekare

Atum - mwari pervotvoreniya, uyo akasika pachake kubva waNuni, chikuru mhirizhonga zvimwe ane kwokubatana mhuri yose mikuru veIjipiti yekare. In Thebes musiki mwari yaAmun kwainzi, kana Amoni-Ra, uyo, sezvo Zeus mungano yechiGiriki, aiva mwari mukuru, mambo vose vanamwari uye vanamwarikadzi. Zvinonzi zvakare vaiona baba vanaFarao.

The hadzi muchimiro yaAmun ndiye amunet. "Theban vanamwari vatatu vatatu" - yaAmun uye Mut, pamwe chete nevana vavo Hounsou (Moon Mwari) - vakanamata muIjipiti yekare uye mberi. Amoni akanga ari mwari mukuru Thebes, ane simba akakura sezvo guta Thebes vakasimuka kubva mumusha muduku muumambo akare mugomba guru simba kuMiddle uye New Kingdoms. Akamuka kuve vaichengetedza ari Theban vanaFarao, uye pakupedzisira ndakatanga kuita basa ramwari pezuva Ra, chikuru nouMwari umambo yekare.

Amen rinoreva "akavanzika, inoshamisa siyana." Wakaoneka sezvo murume ari pakupfeka uye korona neminhenga miviri, asi dzimwe nguva mwari mukuru ichifananidzwa gondohwe kana hanzi. Chirevo rakanga kuti musimboti Mwari wechokwadi anogona chisingazobudiswi pachena. Kapoka yaAmun rapararira kure miganhu yeEgipita, akanga ainamata Ethiopia, Nubia, Libya uye mativi muParestina. VaGiriki vaidavira kuti muEgipita Amoni chinoratidza mwari Zeus. Kunyange Aleksandr Makedonsky akaona zvakakodzera kubvunza tsvene yaAmun.

Mabasa uye mazita chikuru vamwari Ancient Egypt

Saka fungidzira kadiki mazita huru vanamwari.

• Shu - Tefnut murume, baba Geb uye Nut. Iye nomudzimai wake vaiva vanamwari wokutanga, akasikwa Atum. Shu aiva mwari mhepo uye chiedza chezuva. Kazhinji vanoratidzwa semunhu akapfeka chomumusoro ari muchimiro loop. Shu basa raiva kuchengeta mutumbi mwarikadzi Nut, uye kuparadzanisa denga kubva pasi. Shu akanga asiri solar mwari, asi basa iri chezuva akabatanidza naye mwari Ra.
• Geb - baba Osiris, Isis, Seti uye Nephthys. Akanga ari kugara chokuita mwarikadzi Nut chero havana kuudza Shu. Sezvo mwari wenyika, akanga aishamwaridzana nembereko, zvaifungwa kuti kwenyika - nayo Gebha kuseka.
• Osiris - mwanakomana Geb uye Nut. Ini ainamata samwari paSheori. With mutema ganda - chiratidzo yokuvandudzwa uye kukura - Osiris akanga mwari zvinomera uye yakaorera mabhanga murwizi anorichengeta. Pasinei chokwadi kuti Osiris akaurayiwa munin'ina Seti, kuti upenyu (nokuti yokubereka mwanakomana Horus) mudzimai wake akadzoka Isis.
• Seti - mwari mumadutu uye renje, uye akazova chokuita nyonganyonga uye rima. Iye akaratidzwa somunhu ane wembwa musoro refu yakagadzirwa, asi dzimwe nguva pane mufananidzo wake sechinhu nguruve, garwe, Mvuu kana chinyavada. Seti ndomumwe vaikudzwa vatambi vari ngano pamusoro Isis uye Osiris. Somugumisiro kukura vakawanda kunamatwa Osiris, Seti vakava nedhimoni, uye zvifananidzo ake zvakabviswa kereke. Pasinei neizvi, mune dzimwe nzvimbo muIjipiti yekare izvozvo zvichiri ainamata somumwe huru vanamwari.

Mother mwarikadzi

Musoro muEgipita pantheon vanhukadzi mai mwarikadzi, protectress kuti unyoro uye nokupisa Tefnut. Shu uye mukadzi wokutanga mwarikadzi, vakasikwa Atum, ari ngano kunzi mwanasikana uye ziso Ra. Akazova kuzvibatanidza Mut, mukadzi yaAmun namai Khonsu, mumwe mukuru Theban vanamwarikadzi. Airemekedzwa saamai naMwari zvikuru. Mut Kazhinji vanoratidzwa somukadzi ari chena uye tsvuku korona. Dzimwe nguva pane mifananidzo kubva musoro wake kana muviri pamutsipa, uyewo muchimiro yemombe, nokuti kwapera nguva, izvozvo akabatanidzwa Hathor, mumwe Amai guru Divine, iyo kazhinji anonzi mukadzi yemombe nyanga.

Mabasa uye mazita vanamwarikadzi yeIjipiti yekare

Zvino fungidzira Nyora hadzi zimukadzimu raMwari.

• Pizi - mwarikadzi denga, mai Osiris, Isis, Seti uye Nephthys, mudzimai uye hanzvadzi Hebe. Kazhinji richiratidzwa yevanhu, muviri wayo elongated chinofananidzira denga. Sechikamu kunamatwa Sheori uye muchengeti wemweya, chinowanzoonekwa anoratidzwa pamusoro pasirin'i temberi, makuva uye sarcophagi mukati muvharo. Uye kusvikira zuva rino ari zvaishandiswa kare anogona kuonekwa mufananidzo mwarikadzi yeEgipita. Photos ekare tuore Nut uye Geb inoratidza pfungwa vaEgipita vekare nemamiriro wezvose.

• Isis - mwarikadzi amai uye wokubereka, vaichengetedza vana uye vanomanikidzwa, amai mwari Horus, mukadzi uye hanzvadzi Osiris. Kana murume wake waaida akaurayiwa munin'ina Seti, iye raunganidza gurwa nhengo dzomuviri wake uye vakabatana armbands dzavo, unoponesa Osiris, uye pakudaro nheyo tsika reIjipiti yekare pakuomesa zvitunha zvavo vakafa. Osiris Paakadzokera upenyu, Isis akaratidzawo akatanga pfungwa rumuko, izvo zvakabatsira pazvimwe zvitendero, kusanganisira chiKristu. Isis anofananidzwa mukadzi akabata muruoko rwake ari ankh (kiyi upenyu), dzimwe nguva aine muviri mumwe mukadzi uye mhou musoro kana korona nyanga yemombe.

• Nephthys, kana Mai pevhu yemamongi - hanzvadzi Osiris yechipiri, mwana muduku mhuri naMwari Geb uye Nut, kazhinji kunzi mwarikadzi rufu, kana muchengeti mipumburu. Gare gare iye kuzvibatanidza mwarikadzi Seshat, aidzivirira vanaFarao, ane basa iri kudzivirira wamambo yamabhuku uye kuona kureba rekutonga vanaFarao. Twilight nguva vaiona mwarikadzi, vaIjipiti vaidavira kuti Nephthys floats mhiri denga usiku, uye Isis - muzuva muchikepe. vanamwarikadzi Vose vakanamata sezvo mudziviriri vakafa, saka kakawanda ichifananidzwa norukodzi kana mapapiro vakadzi mutemberi, makuva uye sarcophagi lids. Nephthys anopedza ndandanda "chikuru mwarikadzi yeIjipiti." The Pamazita anogona kuramba kuti zvinenge airemekedzwa.

Simba mwarikadzi Egypt

• Sekhmet - mwarikadzi hondo uye nokuporesa, vaichengetedza Farao uye muzvinapembe paruvanze wedare Osiris. Ichifananidzwa Seshumbakadzi.
• Bastet - mwarikadzi anamatwe amai muIjipiti. Kazhinji ichifananidzwa katsi kittens zvakatipoteredza. Nokuti kukwanisa kudzivirira dzinotyisa vana vavo, iye yainzi imwe yenzvimbo kunotyisa uye zvinouraya vanamwarikadzi.

• Maat aiva muenzaniso mwarikadzi chokwadi, tsika, kururamisira uye kurongeka. Kwairatidza kubvumirana zvakasikwa uye yaiva pakatarisana nyonganyonga. Naizvozvo, chinhu chikuru ubatanidzwe mhemberero iri rairema mwoyo iri pashure porufu hall dare. Kazhinji vanoratidzwa somukadzi ane Mhou munhenga pamusoro wake.
• Uto, kana Butoh - mukoti mwari Horus. Vachinzwisisa uye airemekedzwa sezvo mudziviriri uye vaichengetedza yevapenyu vanaFarao. Butoh aigara akagadzirira kurova chero zvinogona muvengi naFarao, saka ifananidzwe wemhungu, entwine zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri dhisiki (uraeus), uye ari kazhinji vanobatanidzwa Crown zvishongo yeIjipiti sechiratidzo changamire.
• Hathor - mwarikadzi amai uye wokubereka, vaichengetedza youpfu hwemashiripiti, hunonziwo mwene denga, nyika uye paSheori. Vysokopochitaemaya mwarikadzi nevaIjipiti vekare. Zvinonzi kuonekwa akachenjera, nemutsa uye munyoro mudziviriri wevapenyu nevakafa. Hathor kakawanda anonzi mukadzi yemombe nyanga uye uraeus pamusoro wake.

Izvi yekare hadzi huMwari zvikuru airemekedzwa nevanhu. Kuziva kuti vanamwarikadzi akadana muIjipiti, ravo rakaoma hunhu uye nokukurumidza wazvakaitika, vaEgipita nokutya uye nokutya minyengetero nomusoro mazita avo.