East necheSalvic mitauro uye mamiriro avo

East necheSalvic mitauro - mutauro subgroup, inova chikamu necheSalvic boka Indo-European mhuri. Ndivo chinowanzoitwa Eastern Europe, Asia, America uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika.

kupatsanura

Kuna East necheSalvic mitauro vanosanganisira vose vapenyu uye mitauro akafa uye vane tumitauro zvakasiyana. Kana boka rokutanga, izvi zvinosanganisira:

• Belarusian.
• Russian.
• Ukrainian.
• Rusin, iro dzimwe nguva anoonekwa ari mutauro kuUkraine.

Kana mumitauro akafa, zvino ichi zvinosanganisira yekare Russian, izvo akavapo kusvikira remakore rechi14, mutauro Ruthenian umo Grand Duchy kuti Lithuania, uyewo Old Novgorod bazi remutauro pamwe yayo nemamwe zvinhu.

nyaya

Belarusian, Russian uye Ukrainian - necheSalvic mitauro. East necheSalvic chinotaurwa anomiririrwa chokwadi kuti izvi mitauro aiva kuzitateguru - Old mutauro Russian, yakabuda 7th remakore pachishandiswa pre-necheSalvic. Panyaya siyana nhoroondo ezvinhu, rudzi Russian yekare rikakamurwa matavi matatu - the Belarusian, Russian uye Ukrainian, rimwe nerimwe vakaenda ayo nzira pachavo okukura.

East necheSalvic boka mitauro vakashanduka refu. Zvimwe zviratidzo kusiyana akazviratidza mumutauro tichishandisa kunopera - muzana remakore rechi14, apo vamwe mazana emakore akanga apfuura. mumitauro All vatatu dzinoratidzwa yakafanana Morphology, girama uye mashoko, asi vanewo Misiyano. Vamwe zvivakamutauro Mapoka yaingowanikwa Ukrainian uye Belarusian mutauro, uye musingashayiwi Russian. Izvi zvinoshandawo mashoko, sezvo vazhinji vemadzimai lexical dzakabatana ari wokuUkraine uye Belarusian mitauro vane Polish mavambo.

Features

East necheSalvic mitauro vane zvavo nevamwe zvinhu kuti kusiyanisa pakati vamwe:

• Phonetics. Kunoratidzwa ibatanidzo Proto-necheSalvic -oro-, -olo-, -ere-, -elo-, zana, zvisina kwese kuti kumaodzanyemba uye vokumadokero Slavs, uyewo pamberi emakonzonendi: h, J, zvange nyore mune mimwe mitauro necheSalvic.
• Lexicon. zvisinei Eastern necheSalvic mutauro subgroup nhaka zhinji ayo lexical dzakabatana kubva mutauro Proto-necheSalvic,, ane pachake zvachiri kuti kusiyanisa nevamwe Slavs. Nokuti boka zviri hwokuratidza nokukwereta, kunyanya kubva Finno-Ugric, reBaltic, mitauro Turkish, Iranian, Caucasian uye Western Europe.

East necheSalvic mitauro zvinonyorwa arufabheti inobva Cyrillic arufabheti vaibva kuBulgaria, asi boka rimwe mutauro ine maitiro ayo, uye tsamba havapo mune vamwe.

Byelorussian

Ndiwo mutauro emarudzi Belarusians uye Mutauro Republic of Belarus. Uyezve, unotaurwa Russia, Lithuania, Latvia, Ukraine, Poland nevamwe. Kufanana nevamwe East necheSalvic mitauro, Belarus rinobva yekare Russian uye kuumbwa vanenge 13-14 remakore pamusoro munharaunda Belarus ano. Izvi akwanise kubudikidza paumbwe Belarusian rudzi, vakabatanidzwa enyika, nenzvimbo, zvitendero uye zvimwewo. A rinokosha muchinangwa izvi reDare mubatanidzwa nyika Grand Duchy pamusoro Lithuania. Panguva ino, mutauro Belarusian akava mukuru uye ari anongoda yose nehurumende uye zviri pamutemo mapepa. Kwakaitawo kuti kukura chikoro mutauro panguva vemunharaunda akamuka pamusoro munharaunda Belarus muzana remakore rechi15.

Chinokosha zviyeuchidzo mutauro Belarusian rakanyorwa riri Lithuanian Mutemi, Makoronike Avraamki uye Byhovtsa, "Mapisarema", "Small Travel kabhuku", "Girama Slovenian" uye vamwe. The kumutsidzirwa mutauro rakatanga muna 19-20 remakore uye hwakabatana pamwe Yankoy Kupaloy, Jakobho nzeve uye mamwe mazita .

mutauro Russian

mutauro Russian - mumwe East necheSalvic mitauro. Iye anonzi imwe mitauro nedzenyu munyika uye muridzi mamiriyoni anoverengeka vanhu pasi pose. VokuRussia kwemadzinza kwakavakirwa vaiva marudzi kuti kugarwa nharaunda Veliky Novgorod uye pakati Volga uye Oka.

Paumbwe National akabatsira kuti pave munhu centralized mamiriro, izvo akarwa Tatars uye eMongolia. Rinokosha ichi vairidza kuchinja mabasa Peter I, uye basa MV University, GR Derzhavina ARMENIA Novikova, ARMENIA Karamzin, uye vamwe. The muvambi mutauro wokuRussia National runoonekwa AS Pushkin. Its chinhu ndiyo yakaoma syllabic musimboti uye kaviri zvinoreva tsamba zhinji. Kwakavakirwa lexical chimiro kwechiSlavonic lexical dzakabatana, uye siyana mufanidzo.

mutauro Ukrainian

Chimwe chezvinhu kwakapararira pakati necheSalvic mitauro. It unotaurwa Ukraine, Belarus, Russia, Kazakhstan, Poland, Moldova nevamwe. Features mutauro Ukrainian akatanga kubuda muzana remakore rechi12 remakore rechi14 uye ndivo Ukrainians sechinhu yoga rudzi yayo nevamwe zvinhu.

The chidzoke vanhu Ukrainian rudzi chokuita kutamburira vanhu pamusoro Polish uye wechiTatar yaiparadza. Basa rinokosha kukura Ukrainian mabhuku reDare basa Gregory nomumakango, TG Dzhafarova, IY Franko, Lesia Ukrainka, IP Kotlyarevskogo GR Hryhory kvitka and said. For Ukrainian mutauro Mutauro dzinoratidzwa nokukwereta kubva Polish, Turkish uye German.

mutauro Rusyn

Zviri muunganidzwa siyana mabhuku mutauro uye mutauro idzodzo kuti zvaizobatsira Rusins. Izvi boka kwemadzinza vaigara dzokuTranscarpathia munharaunda Ukraine, Slovakia, Poland, Croatia, Serbia, Hungary, uyewo Canada uye US dzidziso. Nhasi nhamba yevanhu vanotaura mutauro iwoyo, ane vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 1,5.

Pane akasiyana siyana pamusoro kuti, funga kana Ruthenian yoga mutauro kana nendimi kuUkraine. The kuitika mitemo Ukrainian inokurukura Ruthenian sezvo mutauro National vashoma, asi, somuenzaniso, muna Serbia, iri vaiona mukuru.

Maitiro nokuti mutauro ndiyo huru nhamba tserkovnoslavyanizmy uye kakawanda Polonism, Germanisms, Mannerist uye zvimwe zvinhu zviri hwokuzvarwa nahwo mutauro wokuUkraine. Zvinonzi zvakare dzinoratidzwa yakatarwa lexical dzakabatana izvo zvine Hungarian mavambo. Kuwedzera kune izvi, pane dura mutauro mutauro necheSalvic, izvo zvechokwadi richibatanidza naye dzimwe mhuri Eastern necheSalvic yakakura.

Eastern boka necheSalvic mutauro ndiyo chikamu Indo-European Bazi necheSalvic uye ane zvinhu uye kuenzanisa kusiyana mumitauro nechokumadokero uye kumaodzanyemba necheSalvic. boka iri rinosanganisira Belarusian, Russian, Ukrainian uye Ruthenian mitauro, uyewo nhamba mitauro kuti zvava akafa. boka ichi zvachakapararira muEastern Europe, Asia uye America uyewo mune dzimwe nyika.