The Chinese Communist Party: nechigadziko musi, vatungamiri, zvinangwa

The pakukura enyika sangano munyika, achitonga nyika, yakavambwa muna 1921 pashure pokukundwa yacho Kuomintang (Chinese National People kuti Party) uye mugumo wacho Chinese Civil War. Ichi CCP - the Chinese Communist Party. yeutongi Party chete kusvikira nemukuparadzwa wayo zvingafananidzwa nhamba CCP nhengo.

zvisikwa

Mukutanga ramakumi remakore, China akaona kubuda echimurenga kufamba, kuparadzira pfungwa Marxism-Leninism pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu Comintern mukuru ezvinhu Russia. Pakusikwa Communist Party of China chagumbura yaOctober Revolution, pashure iyo boka Chinese vakadzidza, akatanga sangano idzva. Kwekanguva vaifanira kushanda mumamiriro ezvinhu pamutemo. Muvambi uye mutungamiri Communist Party of China kubva 1921 kusvika 1927, Chen Dus kunyange akaronga reCongress wokutanga Shanghai muzhizha 1921.

A rakakura muchinangwa paumbwe sangano, inova duku denderedzwa nokukurumidza ikava enyika makuru simba, airidza rechipiri mutungamiri waro - Li Lisan uye murongi yokutanga Marxist yeChina Li Dazhao. Panguva Congress of China, apo chirongwa watopiwa akambochera Communist Party wokutanga, akazivisa chinangwa chake - kusvikira ivakwe gutsaruzhinji mu China. Kubvira ipapo rave congresses gumi namasere, vokupedzisira iyo kwakaitika November 2012.

Nguva Party History

Chokutanga, pamwe Kuomintang, wokuChina Communist Party akaumba sungano kuzorwa zvose militarist mapoka - wokutanga vakabatana mberi. Zvadaro, makore gumi asati 1937, iye vaikwikwidzana simba kubva KMT. Asi apo China akatambudzika Japanese kurwisa, kuti CCP akamanikidzwa kuwiriranisa pamwe enyika vavengi kuzarura vadyi yakabatana rinorwisana vokuJapan wechipiri. Kupedza kukunda Fascism (September 1945), hondo rwakatora.

Muna 1946, hondo kuzorwa Kuomintang akatanga zvakare kusvikira 1949, akawana kukura hondo. The Chinese Communist Party akakunda KMT uye mugumisiro kukunda uku akauya simba munyika. Peoples Republic of China rakaumbwa. Ipapo Mao Zedong yakatanga ari Cultural Revolution. nechepakati miviri All webato yakanga nguva kurongazve pachahwo kana kubviswa. Kusvikira 1956, China akanga kujeka. Pashure Mao afa Den Syaopin zvishoma nezvishoma akatangazve anenge ose nhengo webato, uye saka akadzokera ehurumende miviri aidzorwa webato zvakare.

anotonga

The CCP Charter iroro-soro rinodzora webato, unova National Congress of Communist Party of China paKokorodzano kamwe pamakore mashanu. Uyezve, pane dzimwe chidhiraivho. Central Committee iyi, iyo anomhanya kuti Politburo vanhu makumi maviri nemashanu (pakati pavo nomwe - Permanent Committee of Central Committee), huru administrative mutumbi General Munyori CPC Central Committee kumusoro - Secretariat of CPC Central Committee. Uye pakupedzisira, Central Military Commission of CCP Central Committee uye akagadzirwa zvakafanana kudzorwa Chinese uto kanzuru.

Kwava rinokonzera, monitors, anoronga Workflow nezvimwe kushanda General Directorate (Office of CPC Central Committee). Uyezve, pane Central Commission, riri pasi chete kuna National Congress, mu mabasa ayo - kudzora kurangwa, pakurwisa uori uye dzimwe mhosva dzakaipisisa dziri mubato pamisara. Pane munyika uye Political-Legal Commission sezvo nechepakati bato nhengo pamutemo uye yaiona mitemo. Political Security Division pamwe mashandiro anoita kudzivirira chaiko pakati administrative bhodhi ndiye Central Security Bureau of Communist Party pakati China .

Congress basa

Formal basa panguva reCongress maviri: chaanoita uye hunotendera yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita, kuchinja webato mutemo elects Central Committee of Communist Party of China. Uyezve, Central Committee iri plenum elects kuti Politburo, pamwechete Standing Committee uye Munyori General. Asi zvinenge zvose izvi sarudzo dzinoitwa kare reCongress, apo chete pachena mitemo vari kuenda kushandisa Communist Party of China, uye munyika kukura zvinokosha mashanu akatevera.

CCP - kwete chete chinokosha nhengo simba zvematongerwe China. Pane neHurumende Council uye vanhu Rorusununguko. Kodzero deliberative vhoti ane vanhu Political vanobva Conference, uye vari 80s wakashanda kubudikidza Central Commission hwakagadzwa Den Syaopinom, kuchigaro CPC mazano.

nhamba

Communist Party dzidzo China muna 1921 kuti haana kuvimbisa naye rezvematongerwo enyika ano simba sezvo sangano waiona diki: gumi chete vakapinda wokutanga guruundano pamutemo muna Shanghai. Pakazosvika 1922, nhamba vaKomonisiti yawedzera zvinoshamisa: vanova zana nemakumi mapfumbamwe navaviri. Muna 1923, ivo CCP kuverengwa mazana mana namakumi maviri vanhu, pagore - anenge chiuru. Muna 1927, bato yawedzera 58 000 nhengo, uye muna 1945 - yava vakadarika mamiriyoni. Kana rakabhuroka ari kurwisa of KMT, bato yave incredible kukura, 1957 vanopfuura mamiriyoni gumi nevanhu akabatana CCP, uye muna 2000 nhamba yavo yakawedzera kusvika mamiriyoni matanhatu.

Akatevera Party Congress muna 2002 mvumo mabiko iri kuwanda vanamuzvinabhizimisi, izvo chaizvo zvakawedzera uwandu mudonzvo. Uyezve, Central Committee akasarudzwa Chzhan Zhuymin, ndiye mutungamiriri dzesangano Haier, kuti vose kusvika panguva ino kwakanga kumbonzwiwa. Saka, muna CCP vakasvika yeshoroma uye billionaires, akadai Liang Wengen nokushingaira muchirongwa Congress of CPC, pasinei achisimudzira pamusoro panzvimbo yeshoroma chepamusoro mumagazini Forbes muna 2011. Zvino uwandu CPC kwazvo vanhu mamiriyoni 85.

Zvakazokonzerwa Cultural Revolution

Munguva kubva 1965 kusvika 1976, zviitiko China enyika, anonzi Cultural Revolution, uye kurwisana kwakakonzera dambudziko mukati Communist Party, yaiva mhaka zvose womukati uye zvimwewo mitemo pamusoro Mao Zedong.

Vatsigiri ake tichibatsirwa vezvikwata vakavimbika muchiuto uye vechidiki mudzidzi kuramba aparadza zvose Party masangano ari, kunze muchiuto, ichiputswa ari Party Committee, Party vashandi vaidzvinyirirwa, pakati pavo pakanga nhengo zhinji, vaida Politburo uye Central Committee of CPC.

nadzurudzo

Pakafa Mao muna 1979 chete, nyika akatanga kuchinja uye kuwedzera nechitarisiko ukama achitungamirirwa Den Syaopina - Munyori General kubvira 1976 kusvika 1981. Zvinangwa Chinese Communist Party hwachinja kubva paiva chakakomba vanofanira modernize nyika. The zvokuchinja rwaiitwa dzose uye zvikuru munyaya ose enyika uye zvoupfumi.

Saka, isu rinorondedzerwa uye-refu dhonza dzokugara, izvo zvinofanira kuva munyika kukura. Chinangwa chitsva chainzi pakagadzwa gutsaruzhinji pamwe Chinese maitiro, izvo zvinoratidza kuenderera mberi zvinhu uye kubudirana pachena kuti kunze nyika. Kusarudzwa mukuru munyori muna 2012. Xi Jinping akaramba mutemo uyu, achisimbisa rapfuura mabhizimisi tenet: kutangazve munyika achakwanisa vabudirire chete Chinese Communist Party.

political pakudzorwa

The mapurani of zvokuchinja vakatanga Den Syaopin, uyo zano kuita rayo zvainokwanisa varambe simba pamusoro pezvakaitwa zviri mumaoko CCP. Mukana bato uye pakukwanisa kwayo akabvumira kunyange mukutarisana China ano kuramba nzira democratization uye kuchengetedza huripo nheyo enyika adarika. Kudivi rimwe, chisarudzo ichi kuchinjwa muenzaniso USSR, uye pane dzimwe - mienzaniso Taiwan uye South Korea. Chindingindingi bato musimba - ndiko kupa kwemakore akawanda Nezvagara Zviripo munyika China hurongwa bato zvematongerwo enyika.

Sirogani uye chinangwa chitsva, "kuvakwa gutsaruzhinji ine Chinese maitiro" akazviratidza chokuita kudiwa zvinhu, akaita "kubva kumusoro", kureva, kuchinja munzanga uye zveupfumi, asi, vachitevera kutsivana simba uye kuchengetedza chikuru basa Party muzvirongwa zvose. Shoko "gutsaruzhinji" ndiyo kiyi pano. Ndokusaka zita Mao Zedong akanga China hazvizozivikanwi rusarura kuburikidza. Zvino ari, sezvinei, zvinoita zvakawanda uye isati yamboitwa nokuremekedza. PDA simba shure nemidzi yawo.

intraparty bato

Vanonzi "Beijing Koshanda" - neomaoisty, kazhinji anobva kubva varombo kunzvimbo, unoita kuti vave mudzimba dzavo nokuda kupfuma mumatunhu, akadai pagungwa. Vanotenda China ari mutungamiri munyika dzichiri kusimukira. Mutungamiri boka iri - aimbova mukuru munyori Hu Jintao. Akatsiviwa sezvo Secretary General - Xi kare zvakurukurwa mutsigiri of "Shanghai Group", asi achiri akapinda kubatana "Beijing".

Vanonzi "Shanghai clique" - kubva Shanghai, ari CCP vakuru munhu uyo "kusimudzirwa" Jiang Zemin , achiine Meya Shanghai, uye gare gare vakagamuchira mumhanyi Hu. Rokubuda ake kubva pambiru neshinda simba rose utungamiriri CPC vakaramba mumaoko ake, vanhu vake vakanga kwose kwose. Pane bato rimwe boka vepamusoro rinonzi "Old vasingagutsikani" vanoshora musika kuchinja.

Xi Jinping

Muna 2012, Xi Jinping akasvika kunzvimbo Hu Jintao, musoro mubato kwemakore gumi. nomination Izvi refu kwazvo, "otlozhivalas": kusvika panguva ino yave kurongwa makore mashanu vakabvuma kuti achava mutungamiriri China Communist Party. Ipapo akatora wechipiri romukova - akava sachigaro rechiuto kanzuru China vake.

Zvishoma nezvishoma zvounhu "nzungu" mubato vari akasungirirwa ose tighter. Out Somuenzaniso, mitemo itsva 2015 chepasi Chinese vaKomonisiti kutamba gorofu, mudye anoshamisira zvokudya uye kunyange kupinda kudzokerana. Zvinonzi zvaisambobvumirwa kutsoropodza bato chero chimiro.

More zvakananga dzairambidzwa basa redu

Uyezve, pamwe January 1, 2016 nhengo dzebato vairambidzwa kuenda vanokodzera here, gorofu, uye zvimwe private makirabhu. Ivo ramakanzi nyore chipi zvacho uye kudzivirira kwokunyanyisa. Kurambidzwa here utsinye: zvematongerwo enyika mapato chero ratyama mashoko hazvifaniri, vagari shanduko hakubvumidzwi, zvachose kuchovha kunze, zvakare, zvisina kutaurirana nevasiri nhengo yebato arege kutsigira (ichi zvinosanganisira vavakidzani chete munharaunda, vomukirasi mamwe masoja-mu-maoko ), rubatsiro zvepabonde havashandisi izvozvo, ndipo havana, "kufanira" pabonde zvakare havafaniri kuva. Saka, sachigaro Communist Party of China iri pachena aiming kuti nokuparura mutsva neuwori hwechiFascist, uyewo kusimbisa simba rake.

Kurambidza chitendero muna CCP

Kungorega chitendero ava dambudziko nhengo dzose Chinese Communist Party, kusanganisira vaimbova vakuru hurumende. basa Religious vomuUmambo vanodzivisa kana kuti ichiitwa chipi chinokosha anokosha post, pasi kudzora uye nekutevera kusingadzivisiki chirango kuuya achisiya panhengo. Maererano Reuters, kunyange kare kare basa machinda kubatanidzwa muzviitiko dzechitendero wairambidza. Kunyange zvazvo Chinese Constitution nesipereti rusununguko rwokunamata, hurumende yechiKomonisiti Party of China ari vaitevera vose vashandi vari Kazhinji nhengo yebato.

Official pepanhau China reparamende akabudisa mashoko nesangano dhipatimendi, apo zvinonzi vaimbova vashandi vehurumende vari zvakare vanosungirwa kurega kuva chitendero. Party nhengo haagoni kuita emachechi, Ukuwo, ivo vanofanira kushingaira kurwisa zvakaipa chitendero. Zvisinei, hazvina bvumidzwa basa kunosimbisa muviri hurumende iri chokuita chero zvetsika dzinza chevarwere tsika, kana isina chokuita chero chitendero, sangano. Masangano ari Peoples Republic of China nezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana Religious, vave awedzera mumakore achangopfuura, ndokusaka udzvanyiriri-siyana vezvitendero akasungirirwa, wakaitwa vanachandagwinyira kudzvinyirira yamarudzi ose misangano yechitendero uye zviito.