Transitional nguva wehurumende: Matambudziko, Politics, Society

Emil Dyurkgeym kunotsanangurwa pfungwa "mhirizhonga" se kushaya zvakakwana simba mukati imwe mamiriro. Nokufamba kwenguva, vamwe vaongorori vakatanga inofananidza mhirizhonga pamwe nehurumende iitike. Izvi Chokwadi, pane imwe chokwadi, asi izvozvo handizvo zvoga, chii nenzanga anotarisana iyi.

Nokududza dambudziko

Pasi pehurumende akaendeswa kureva ruzhinji sangano, icho hunodzorwa rinokosha revatungamiriri zvenhengo Vakazopinda neimwe nzvimbo. Zvisinei, achiri hapana zvakarurama kuroorwa tsanangudzo raizobatanidzwa zvinogamuchirwa vezvesayenzi uye mutemo dzakawanda. Sezvo UN haana kodzero sarudza kuti zvichemo kuti chii mamiriro, chete rakanyorwawo vanozivisa chokwadi ndechokuti raishandiswa Montevideo Convention (1933).

Chii mamiriro?

Panyaya ano tsanangudzo rokuti "nehurumende", rinogona akanyorwa sezvinotevera:

• State - ari enyika chaiwo sangano, takaberekwa tine simba kuti anoratidza zvinodiwa vanhu (VV Lazarev).
• Pasi pehurumende inogona kunzwisiswa sesangano enyika kuti inodzivirira uye anodzora kwenzanga neruzhinji ezvirevo (SI Ozhegov).

Asi, chero tsanangudzo, hurumende ine akatsiga maitiro, izvo kazhinji kushandura panguva kuchinja nguva.

Features mamiriro

Kazhinji ungasangana kuvhiringidzika tichitarisa kuti "nyika" uye "mamiriro" anowanzoshandiswa uchitsanangura. Panguva ino, vane guru musiyano: Shoko "nyika" rinoshandiswa kana totaura netsika kana nzvimbo zvechadenga imwe mamiriro, ukuwo chaiko "nehurumende" anoratidzwa ne enyika kunzwisisa maumbirwo pamwe zvaidiwa unhu:

• Kuwanikwa magwaro akazivisa zvinobetsera zvinangwa uye mabasa ose ehurumende (mitemo, bumbiro, dzidziso, etc.).
• Present utariri kambani. Zviremera izvi uye magariro masangano anogona kunzi.
• Hurumende ine yayo pfuma (kureva. E. Resources).
• Rine kunharaunda yayo, rine vanhu imwe nhamba yevanhu.
• Mumwe mamiriro ine guta rayo nemasangano omurume (mapurisa, mauto ane zvombo, ari administrative bhodhi pasi).
• Kuwanikwa ehurumende zviratidzo uye mutauro.
• Uchangamire (kureva, Hurumende inofanira kuzivikanwa nevamwe kuita dzakawanda munhandare.)

Achisvika kuchinja nguva

The State anoonekwa kuva Integrated uye wakatsiga ezvinhu, ane chikuru chinangwa - kudzivirira zvido vagari. nzira iyi kuitwa kuitwa mitemo uye zvirango, uye maererano izvo zvinoitwa yacho. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti vose vakagamuchira dzemunharaunda kutsigira kwemitemo, tsika uye kuvimbika munzanga, uye vagari rinobatanidzwa paruzhinji mabasa maererano zvibvumirano dzakawanda. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, kuti sangano enyika vanofanira nechokwadi rinobvumirana uye azere nokuvapo kwenhengo yese yenharaunda.

Asi kwete nguva dzose ichi zvakakwana, pane nguva apo mamiriro midziyo haasi kukwanisa kusangana zvose zvinodiwa vagari. Zvadaro kuuya nesimba, hunotanga enyika itsva simba, iyo inotanga rekare magariro nemamiriro anosika zvigadziriswe itsva hurumende uye nzira simba kukura. Ndicho kuchinja mamiriro.

tsananguro

Under Transitional nguva kwaimiririra ehurumende-pamutemo hurongwa vari mumamiriro shanduko, kuchinja urongwa hurumende uye mutemo. Somuenzaniso, tinoziva nhoroondo zhinji apo slaveholding chehurumende zvakachinja kuna feudal. Panzvimbo feudal simba akauya capitalism uye kuritsiva - gutsaruzhinji.

Izvi kwagara anonetsa uye nharo. Zvinochinja kwete chete simba asi zvinhu uye nemitemo kirasi. Muenzaniso unoshamisa ndiyo Transitional hurumende yeSoviet muna 1991. Mumazuva mashoma 15 dzeSoviet, vakawana rusununguko zvizere, vaifanira kuumba yayo hurumende midziyo kuti zvakazara kugutsa zvinodiwa chavagari uye kuti zvinodiwa dzakawanda.

Kunyanya iitike inoti

Munguva kuchinja nguva kunosanganisira misoro deconstruction ose ehurumende zvinhu. Milestones:

1. It zvauya kubva pamagariro evanhu (the, kumukira, hondo, akatadza kuchinja).
2. Rinoratidza zviitiko anoverengeka kutanga ehurumende, achipa mutongo vepamusoro kusarudza nzira acharamba kukudziridza maererano nhoroondo kuchinja, tsika, kwemadzinza, zvitendero uye zvoupfumi maitiro.
3. Rapid kuchinja pasi kwokunze ukama, zviri pamutemo hurongwa uye upfumi mujinga mamiriro simba. Saka, zvinodiwa pakurarama chavawo yakaderera.
4. Simba munzanga uye enyika nheyo. Munzanga kunowedzera uye voltage pamwero chokwadi somugumisiro, zvinokwanisika kuchengeta mamiriro kukwana kusateerera mutemo.
5. Enyika, kuchinja nguva iri hunodzorwa nevarikutonga uye yaiona masimba.

Rinhiko ndiye shanduko mune zvematongerwe midziyo?

In hurumende kuchinja kwaidarika systemically zvinodiwa zvose, uye, sezvo tsika inoratidza izvi zvinotora nguva. Haugoni kuuya kuti nguva imwe yekupindurwa hurongwa. Dambudziko harisi chete kunzwisisa kuchinja kwehurumende, asiwo ruzivo uye kubvuma kuchinja maererano vagari.

Kana vanhu pakupedzisira vajaire chero mamiriro, kuumbwa mitemo itsva evanhu masangano zvinotora nguva. It zvingaitika kuti masangano matsva kwete midzi yoku- ino, navatana zvakakwana kufanira mariri. Panguva iyi, pakaitwa mutoro iri pamutemo hurongwa mutemo weHurumende midziyo, izvo zvinofanira kupa mutemo mutsva anofanira kuchinja mu conductivity. Uye kana mamiriro haapindi idzva kwokukurukurirana hurumende iri pfupi nguva, rinogona kureva chete kuti kuchinja kushatiriswa kuzviitira (chakagadzirwa) zvinhu.

Kana isu kutaura nezvenguva kuchinja nguva, vakawanda, painoguma pashure 5 years. Panguva ino, nguva kuumba uye mupinde kushanda itsva mamiriro midziyo. Tora somuenzaniso, muCrimea. Sechivako Russia akapinda 2014, uye masayendisiti munyika tiite enyika vanoti kuchinja nguva kunoguma muna 2019.

matambudziko

The chikuru zvinetso kuchinja nguva munyika zvinosanganisira kusagadzikana mamiriro zvoupfumi uye kuoma kunzwisisa mitemo itsva, iyo yekudyidzana DZEMUNHU DZINODZORA muitiro tishandurwe. Zvinobvira kuziva matambudziko huru sezvinotevera:

1. Zvisingadzivisiki rakaoma kushanduka. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, vanhu uye pamutemo masangano rakaoma kujairana kumusika mamiriro matsva.
2. Nechokwadi uye underdevelopment kuti musika kwezvivako.
3. Dambudziko mutengo mazvake.
4. Matambudziko pamwechete Kudzikamiswa yacho macroeconomy.
5. Dambudziko mafungiro.
6. Zvinetso kugadzirisa nzvimbo itsva dzakawanda munhandare.

The mamiriro munzanga

With zvose izvi dzinongoitika ngozi anogara munzanga iitike. Panguva iyi, kushingaira Pakusuma zvinhu zvitsva, asi zvinorevei zvishoma kune vanhuwo murume, zvisinei nokuchinja akanaka. Nyika nokukurumidza anotanga kuwa waivako, turnover, uye nokudaro akazoita nemararamiro, ipapo nemagariro nhaka mukati kutsanangurwa hako zvinhu.

Hazvina kamwe vanotaurwa bhuku, kuti kunyange mumamiriro ezvinhu gadzikanei, hurumende vava kuda nezvengozi vaviri zvokuchinja zvitsva kana zvachose kudzvinyirira okusika uye yakazvimirira ratanga vagari, kana vanhu vachava rusununguko uye kurishandisa, chose kuvhiringidza enyika midziyo. Munguva kuchinja nguva, njodzi idzi yekudyidzana kwakawedzera, sezvo awedzera centralization hurumende zvinokosha mauto urudzi, hurumende, uye vanotanga kuva dzinotsanagura disintegration. matambudziko akadaro zvakajairika kunyika dzose, zvikurukuru, ndivo kuri mumashoko kuchinja nguva kuRussia.

Naizvozvo, hurumende iri kuchinja mari yakaoma mabasa, izvo zvinofanira kufukidza munzvimbo dzose hwake, ichipa kwete chete yebhuku zvinhu zvitsva, asiwo kuchengetedza zvido vagari. Ramba Kugadzikana, kuchengetedza rusununguko ari kwokunze, kuitira yokugutsikana uye rusununguko vemo - Ndivo huru pamusoro rinotaura hurumende iitike. Uye kana vamwe mugove kuti uchashayikwa, zvingangoita kuti nyika mhirizhonga chakataurwa Durkheim.