Concept, mifananidzo, kukosha, mienzaniso kuverenga. kuverenga dambudziko. Nezvekugadzirwa kuverenga. Kurera kuverenga kwevari. Literacy - iyi ...

Pasinei kwakapararira Kuwanikwa nemasangano dzidzo uye ose mashoko, dambudziko kuverenga huripo mazuva ano.

tsananguro

Literacy - ichi Hazvizivikanwi ruzivo uye unyanzvi mune imwe nharaunda, uyewo kukwanisa kushandisa navo uchidzidzira. The mwero kugona nyaya kana zvimwe anosarudza Kuwanikwa vamwe mashoko kune munhu.

Pakutanga, pfungwa kuverenga rave richishandiswa kuona padanho ruzivo kuverenga nekunyora maererano dzemunharaunda mutauro waamai. Munyika yanhasi, pfungwa iyi awana rinobatanidza zvinorehwa uye zvino kushandiswa kureva anokudzwa zivo mune dzimwe nzvimbo. Pane pfungwa dzakadai zveupfumi, zvemitemo, mupfungwa, zviripo uye zvesayenzi kuverenga.

Information ruzivo

The kuverenga zvazvingava - mumwe kudiwa matambudziko matsva yedzidzo. Zvinoreva kwete chete kugona kuwana zvakafanira mashoko, asiwo kugona atungamirirwe nemidungwe ruzivo, ongorora uye synthesise ruzivo urwu, kuwana uye kushandisa navo uchidzidzira.

In dzakawanda European kurovedzwa zvesekondari uye yepamusoro ezvinhu akasiyana needu. Musiyano mukuru iri kudzidzisa vadzidzi kushandisa ruzivo, pane pepa uye nemusoro. Chokwadi, kukura ndangariro iri zvakaenzana kukosha. Zvisinei, pasi kwakadaro kwegadziriro dzidzo inokosha kwete chete kudzidza zvinhu, asi kudzidza vafunga uye inferences, kuwana dzimwe zvinogadzirisa, kuona ukama pakati yakasiyana Pakutanga, nenyaya iri kukurukurwa, nharo, kutsigira mhosva yake musoro, uye zvichingodaro.

mhando

ongororo basa rinosanganisira zvinotevera mhando kuverenga:

• Kuverenga kuverenga nokunyora.
• Nhaka mashoko vatakuri (makombiyuta uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemazuva).
• Kugona vabatsirwewo foni zvekutepfenyura.
• Media kuverenga.
• Information.

Wokupedzisira Pfungwa rinounza pamwechete kare uye ndiyo kiyi. Muzana XXI remakore anofanira kukwanisa kurarama aibuda mashoko uye nhaka kukwanisa kukurumidza kuwana, kugamuchira uye zivo panzvimbo imwe nzvimbo.

Nhaka unyanzvi kombiyuta

Kokutanga ino izwi akanga dzataurwa nokuda mutungamiri Association of Information Industry Paul Zurkovski. Pfungwa iyi inogona kurondedzerwa se vachikwanisa kushandisa yakatarwa zivo uye kombiyuta unyanzvi kugadzirisa mabasa akasiyana-siyana, kuronga mabasa akasiyana uye kutarisira migumisiro yazvo. Sezvo panguva ino nguva mashoko zvemichina chinhu chinokosha munzanga, vachikwanisa kushandisa kombiyuta yava hakukoshi pane kuverenga uye unyanzvi hwokunyora. ruzivo urwu anogona yekudyidzana racho rikurumidze yokuwana mashoko anodiwa chero munda sayenzi, unyanzvi, tsika uye rwokugadzira. Similar Michina dzinongoita akwanise kudyidzana kwevanhu pamwe chinoramba mashoko rukova.

kuverenga Network

Pfungwa iyi kufanana yapfuura pfungwa. Kukurukurirana Indaneti kwava chinokosha muupenyu paruzhinji. Izvi mhando kukurukurirana kunosanganisira kwete chete kukurukura, asiwo zvishande kwacho. Mukuwedzera unyanzvi kombiyuta uye mano zvakanaka kushanda pamwe mashoko, zviri zvakafanana zvinokosha kutanga kufunga kutsoropodza.

nemagariro chechetere

Ani naani aifanira kuenda kunze kwenyika, zvichida wakaona kuti kazhinji wokumwe mutauro zivo kukwana kuti kunzwisisa vemo zvizere. Izvi imhaka tsika uye magariro maitiro neimwe nyika. mutauro upi - haisi chakaoma akagadzirwa lexical dzakabatana uye zvivakamutauro mitemo, asi wevapenyu gadziriro inongogara Virtual nokuda kukurukurirana nevamwe tsika. Hazvibviri rwatenzi mutauro wokumwe, nemaune dzakakudzingai kare, tsika zvakaitika uye patsika dzemunharaunda munyika. Paumbwe kuverenga nemaonero tsika divi zvinoreva kwete chete kujairirana zvakawanda nezivo. rusununguko urwu kuzvishandisa. Nekuti tsika kuverenga - vanzwisise kuti harisi chete hwokukurukura maererano nemitemo mutauro, asi mugove zvimwe zivo. nokuzvibata ichi, kugona kushandisa mutauro wokufananidzira (idioms, madimikira, idioms), kuziva tsika, ngano, tsika uye zvetsika zvine divi, uye zvakawanda.

Psychological kuverenga

nzvimbo iyi zvinosanganisira marudzi ose unyanzvi: kukwanisa kumisa kuonana, kuti vanoramba, kutsoropodza, nharo, kuti abvume, kutaura pamberi pevateereri. Kazhinji, izvi zvinosanganisira zvose kuti chokuita nyaya ukama uye unyanzvi hwokukurukurirana.

How kuvandudza chiperengo kuverenga

Vamwe vanhu vanofunga kuti kukwanisa kunyora zvakarurama ndizvo chokuziva. Zvisinei, kusiyana nezvinodavirwa nevakawanda, kuunganidza unyanzvi ichi chinogona kuwanikwa nemunhu wose. Nzira yakanakisisa - kutanga njere kukura mwana kubva pazera. Zvadaro, nzira yekudzidza kuchaitika nyore.

Mabasa mwana wokutanga rokudzidzisa kunobva kutevedzera kutaura nevamwe, nokuti zvakakosha uvhure kugonesa ezvinhu. Mamwe hunyanzvi vari kuumbwa nokuda vabereki, kukwanisa zvakarurama kuisa dzokuAustralia mumashoko kuvaka mitsara, mitsara kuwana rakakodzera neimwe nyaya, uye kunyatsokurukura. Nokuti zvinokosha zvikuru kukurukura nemwana wenyu napo, kuti averenge zvinonzwika nyaya uye nhetembo. Papera chinguva, paanonzwa kuti kuverenga pachavo, yakarurama chiperengo mashoko uye zvirevo multiple repetitions vachava iiswe ndangariro. Uyezve, pane siyana njere uye musoro mutambo.

The zvinokonzera kusadzidza

In tichienzanisa ichangopfuura apfuura iye zvino vava nyore kutsvaka chero ruzivo. Anenge munhu wose ane mukana kushandisa ekombiyuta kuti arambe chiperengo zvikanganiso uye Typos, wana zvose zvemarudzi mabhuku, maduramazwi uye mabhuku. Asi dambudziko kuverenga inoramba kuhupenyu nhasi.

Pane zvikonzero zvinoverengeka nei kuti yakaderera nenhanho zivo mutauro waamai:

• Kushaikwa kuverenga zvinodiwa. Books vari kuramba vari kutsiviwa nezvimwe zvinovaraidza: kuona mhando dzose epaTV, TV series, mitambo yepakombiyuta uye zvimwe zvinhu. Uye chero ruzivo unogona kuwana paIndaneti. It vanotyisidzira kwete chete mukuru kusaziva, asiwo vasanyanye rezvedzidzo pamwero, Kuipa kufunga.
• mabhuku kuverenga substandard. Over gumi adarika, zvakatanga kuoneka zvakawanda zvemafaro mabhuku, izvo, kuwedzera kushaya anobatsira mashoko, unogona kusangana yakawanda chiperengo, zvivakamutauro uye manyorero zvikanganiso.
• Kukurukurirana paIndaneti. In siyana dzevakurukuri uye forum kazhinji kuwana akariposhera, abbreviations, uye mafungu kukurukurwa navo chiperengo. Style kwakadaro kunogona kuva tsika. Sezvineiwo, nokuti vamwe vanhu unyanzvi - ndiwo chinhu pasina paunogona kuita muupenyu hwezuva nezuva.

Pfungwa mitambo uye varaidzo vana

Kuna rokudzidzisa muitiro mwana sevasina kunorwadza, zvinokosha kuita kudzidzisa ari muchimiro mutambo:

• Mitambo. Pasina mubvunzo, varaidzo akangwara mhando iyi kunobatsira kuwedzera mashoko. Kunze zvatinosiita Crossword pamwe ndandanda pedu mabasa, pane avo umo mibvunzo dzinoturwa dziri mifananidzo. mutambo uyu kuchabatsira mwana wenyu kudzidza kunzwisisa nekufambisa mashoko.
• Various zvokuudzwa shoko mitambo: kusarudzwa nekudetemberwa, guta, shoko kutsvaka, kutanga pane imwe mabhii, uye zvichingodaro.
• Games papepa: kuti mazwi mazhinji pfupi mumwe refu, "Nyoka", apo shoko rimwe nerimwe vaivapo rinotanga tsamba rokupedzisira kana mabhii pamusoro apa, "Munda Dreams", "Kuvhiringidzika" - mutambo umo unofanira vatore shoko vakavhengana makadhi netsamba .
• Board mitambo: "Scrabble" uye Russian shanduro "Scrabble".
• Nomusoro mitemo nenzira tamba nzira. Saka kuverenga mienzaniso vanoyeukwa nyore zvikuru:
  - "kwete anoshamisa, hazvina vakakwana uye ngozi uye anotyisa, kunyora tsamba saka pasina";
  - "chinhu, chinhu, chinhu, chinhu - pano hyphens Musakanganwa";
  - "Ndakaroora Iniwo sabvumika."
• Chinhu kubatsira chaizvo kutanga nokuona ndangariro. Unogona kupa mwana wako zvinotevera zviitwa: Find misiyano gumi pakati maviri mifananidzo, ratidza vamwe mapatani papepa, uye akazokumbira zvichiberekana zvaakaona nomusoro.

Vana vakura vanogona kare kupa yakazvimirira Kuronga mitambo uyewo kunyora essays, nyaya pfupi uye nhetembo. Izvi kuchawedzera zvikuru rezvedzidzo pamwero wemwana, kuchabatsira kukudziridza fungidziro uye zvakasikwa mafungiro.

Uyewo zvikuru muna kukurukurirana kwacho kubvisa zvichibvira kutaura zvikanganiso: kodzero kushandisa nokubatanidza mashoko uye zvirevo (semuenzaniso, mapfekero uye vapfeke), kuisa kumikidzo mumashoko (nezvindori, makeke), uye zvakawanda.

Kana mamwe mashoko anokonzera matambudziko, unogona kugadzira duramazwi pachavo kuti varwere akaoma lexical dzakabatana. Zvadaro, nemashoko aya anogona kuchengeta dictations diki. Imwe pfungwa - kuridza manyorero "dzinoisa vasisina tsamba." Multiple nokudzokorora zvichatibatsira kuunza yakarurama chiperengo mazwi automatism.

Literacy - unyanzvi kuti nyore unogona kuwana kana kukura, asi zvidzidzo vanofanira kugara. Chokwadi, chikoro ichapa vakawanda zviitwa siyana pamusoro phonetic, morphological uye syntactic parsing. Nekuti imba iri chisingadiwi kutevedzera makirasi akadaro. Zvakanakisisa baya mwana wako kuda mabhuku, achimuvigira akasiyana-siyana Genres, uye kuitisa rokudzidzisa muitiro muchimiro mutambo. The chikuru ndechokuti kudzidziswa kwakaitika vakasununguka.

mabhuku ukoshi

Kuvandudza kuverenga - mumwe zvinokosha zvikamu rokudzidzisa muitiro. Chokwadi, kukosha kuridzwa nokudzidza mitemo uye dzemunharaunda mutauro waamai, uchiteverwa kugadzirira chigadzirwa uchidzidzira. Zvisinei, izvi zvingasava zvakakwana. Vaya vanotsvaka kunatsiridza unyanzvi hwavo maonero uye mharidzo pfungwa, achizoripa ngwariro chaiyo kuverenga mabhuku akasiyana. Zvakanakisisa kupa kupfuura vanyori avo, vari achinyatsogona mushoko uye rina mavara mavara kutsanangura zviri kuitika. Kuverenga mabhuku akanaka kunobatsira kukura achitsetsenura, zvinhu mafungiro, kukwanisa kupinda musimboti zvinhu.

nzwisisa kuverenga

Pfungwa iyi zvinosanganisira munhu anogona nounyanzvi kuratidza pfungwa maererano dzemunharaunda mutauro womunyika pasinei haazivi mitemo. mhando iyi kugona kazhinji ikabuda vanhu vanenge kuverenga zvakawanda. In ndangariro vakaisa chiperengo, nyora, uye manyorero zvaidiwa mutauro hurongwa. Uyezve, kuverenga vanhu kuva yakanaka inonzwisisika mafungiro, achitsetsenura uye unyanzvi pfungwa youzivi.

Basa kuverenga munzanga

Zvechokwadi, munhu anoziva pfungwa dzavo, hakuiti vanotambura rurimi-akasungirwa, akaratidza maererano manyorero dzemunharaunda mutauro womunyika anonyora pasina zvikanganiso, ane mukana nani zvikuru yokuenda dzidzo repamusoro, uye ipapo kuwana basa rakanaka. nemagariro ruzivo General hakuna kumboderera pane yekosi dzidzo.

Kukosha kuverenga rakaoma kuona. Ichi chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvinodiwa chinosiyanisa chinyakare uye kudzidza vanhu kubva mberi. Maererano UNESCO World sangano, yakakwirira azvipire mutauro dzinogamuchidzanwa uye zvakanyorwa basa rinokosha mune dzidzo, kukunda pamusoro urombo uye inogona kuenderera mberi kwenzanga.