Mongolia (Republic): Capital zvinokwezva

Nyika iri mumoyo Asia. Ndiyo nharaunda yakakura steppes, jecha Dunes, rakakura makomo, zvisingaperi denga rebhuruu uye rinopisa. Magnificent Mongolia ane nakisisa dzinongoitika upfumi.

Mhinduro dzemibvunzo yakawanda chokuita nyika iyi yakanaka inogona kuwanikwa munyaya ino. Mariri tichazvidudzira pamusoro zvematongerwo enyika (Mongolia - a zvokuvhoterwa kana umambo); nzvimbo, vagari uye zvakawanda.

Zvakawanda zvinonakidza zvinhu zvinogona kuudza kare kuMongolia. Zvinoumba tsika dzekare uye tsika kuziva uye zvakasiyana-siyana.

Vhuṱanzi

Mongolia ane dzinokwana mazuva 250 mushana pagore.

Izvi nyika inoshamisa, anowanzonzi "nyika rebhuruu", ndiye nzvimbo yechizvarirwo guru aizokunda Genghis Khan. Rocky makomo zvitema, isingaperi steppes uye yendarama sand of Gobi murenje - zvose zvikuru Mongolian dzinongoitika nzvimbo dzokuona. Kune temberi dzakawanda dzechiBuddha, vari zvinoshamisa nomutsa veko wayo yakasiyana uye nevamwe tsika.

polity

Mongolia - a zvokuvhoterwa kana ezvinhu?

The soro zvemitemo chiremera Mongolia - Great Hural (Parliament). The paramende unicameral rine 76 nhengo (reMitemo) nesimba kwemakore mana. Paramende iri kusarudzwa yakakurumbira vhoti, chikuru chimiro basa izvo chechikamu vagere chete kana paine 2/3 kana kupfuura zvose nhengo dzayo.

Masimba muparamende - paumbwe mukuru Executive simba muMongolia (hurumende inotungamirirwa ari Prime Minister). The musoro wehurumende ndiye mutungamiri, ndiani anogona kusarudzwa kubva vagari Mongolian avo asvika pazera 45 Kwenguva 4 Makore (ezvinhu - zvachose nzvimbo yokugara mumba okupedzisira 5 years).

Maererano Constitution, mune simba kubva 1992, Mongolia - a zvokuvhoterwa yeparamende. Main mapato: vanhu Revolutionary Party, neDemocratic Party, neDemocratic Party uye vezvitendero Greens.

Kusvikira muna 1992, nyika inonzi Mongolian vanhu Republic.

Muna 1991 akauya simba, kuti Democratic Party mu Muswere rugare chimurenga. Kubvira 2009, nyika akatakurwa kunze kuchinja zhinji.

nenzvimbo nzvimbo

nyika ino anopindura chikamu Central Asia.

Mongolia - Republic, usina nzira yokubudisa kugungwa. Muganhu ndiye Russia kuchamhembe, kumaodzanyemba, kumavirira nokumabvazuva - pamwe China. The yose kureba Mongolia miganhu iri 8162 makiromita (mu t. H. 3485? Km Russia).

Nzvimbo ehurumende - 1 566 000 akaenzana makiromita.

Nepariri Republic, Mongolia rakakamurwa 21 munzvimbo (aimag), zvinosanganisira zviduku administrative dzakabatana - somoni. Uyewo, mumwe somoni (zvachose 342) yakakamurwa bug (bhurigedhi). A dzinokwana 1539.

3 guta Mongolian pamusoro Erdenet, Darkhan uye Choyr dziri mamiriro zvionera dzakabatana.

Gobi mugwenga Anotambanudza kumaodzanyemba Mongolia, kaganhurana China. Mongolian Altai gomo siyana atambanudza kubva kumavirira mamiriro kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero. Ndicho chikuru yepamusorosoro - yepamusorosoro Khüiten Peak (4374 mamita).

nzizi huru dzakawanda dzinoyerera kuburikidza munharaunda kuMongolia, Onon, Selenga, Tesiyn Gol Kerulen, Khalkhin Chinangwa etc.

guta

A guta rekare anoshamisa rizere zvivako zvenhoroondo, une Mongolia (Republic). Guta guru Ulan Bator (Ulaanbaatar ari munharaunda kunyora) rine vagari vanopfuura mamiriyoni 1,3. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kakawanda guta guru reRepublic Yakazopiwa zita rokuti uye kuzununguswa.

Ulaanbaatar akaumba ari XVII remakore (1639). Kare kwave guta: URGO (Makore 1639-1706), avo Khuree (Makore 1706-1911), Niyslel Khuree (kubvira 1911 kusvika 1923.) Uye Ulan Bator (1924).

Kare pamusoro nzvimbo guta rakanga yemamongi wechiBuddha.

Population, mitauro

Mongolians vanoumba 85% of zvachose vakawanda, 7% - the Kazakhs, anopfuura 4,5% - Durwood uye vanopfuura 3% - vamiriri Pave. Uye Mongolia iri musha vanopfuura mamiriyoni 4 vanhu Mongolian rupi kuti.

Total yevanhu pakutanga 2009 - vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 2,7.

Mutauro unonyanya Mongolian (Uralic mhuri) ndiyo.

A zvishoma nhoroondo

Mongolia - Republic, vane tsika nemagariro vari midzi Vagari vekare vanhu kamwe kugarwa nharaunda Central Asia.

Tsika dzakawanda vari Zvisaririra yekare muBuddha uye shamanistic netsika dzine chinangwa rechitendero uye vanogutsikana pamusoro nguva yave akarasika. Zvisinei, vamwe zviito dzinoiswa vachiri rairemekedzwa veko.

Kune mashura zhinji uye taboos kuti vane zvakafanana Central Asian midzi. Naizvozvo, ndivo chete uye Buryats uye eMongolia.

Uyezve, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Mongolians vakawanda vachiri kuchengeta uye varemekedze tsika dzekare runochengeta upenyu, uye zvino vanogara vainzwa mumatende, uye ipapo tichiregeredza basa kutarisirwa Kurima.

Kazhinji, vanhu vari Mongolian mundima akazviratidza kare kare, zviuru zvemakore zvakawanda kare. Kubva kare prehistoric nguva, zvinonzi akagadzirisa muArabhu, nguva nenguva zvinoumba zvakasiyana-siyana ehurumende mubatanidzwa. The Chinese akavaka yakakurumbira Great Wall nokuda eMongolia rekare.

Ayakaita?

jinda Mongolian anonzi Temujin muna 1206 akava musoro Genghis Khan uye akakunda dzakawanda uye vanhu. Saka pakanga ari Mongol Empire. Pakafa Genghis Khan, zvakanzi muzvikamu zvina Khanate. Panguva iyoyo, umambo yaiva munzvimbo kubva Korea kuPoland, uye Vietnam kumaodzanyemba kuSiberia kuchamhembe.

Kubvira XVI remakore muMongolia vakatanga kupararira chiBhudha pashure kakawanda internecine hondo simba uye China nechisimba mauto.

Mongolia hwaidzorwa Chinese Qing imba kusvikira 1911.

Saka, Mongolia - a zvokuvhoterwa kana kwete?

MPR, uye ushamwari kuna USSR, yakaumbwa muna 1924.

Uye kubva muna 1992, pamutemo Mongolian vanhu Republic akanzi Mongolia.

chitendero

Mongolia - Republic, uko dzaitongwa Mahayana chiBhudha (94%), pechishamani pamusoro wayo kuchamhembe uye Islam (4%) - kumadokero. Chete muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri nyika yakanga zhinji dzechiBuddha dzemamongi - mashomanana zana, uye vanenge 30% ngakuite vakawanda vaiva mamongi.

In Mongolia, Anti-vechitendero nhimbe raishanda vakaparadza dzemamongi huru hurongwa kwave muAtlantic kubvira thirties remakore chete. Vazhinji dzakavharwa, uye vamwe dzichapambwa uye kuparadzwa. Zvisinei, pashure mumwe kuchinja democratic (90), rusununguko rwokunamata akanzi. Dzemamongi kamwe zvakare vakatanga basa ravo. In Ulan Bator nhasi ipapo kunyange Chechi yeOrthodox ndiyo. Siyana panyaya chitendero Republic of kuMongolia.

zvisakamboonekwa

Huru yekare Mongolia akapona guru siyana nemamwe matongo uye nhoroondo-mapurani sezvivako. Pedyo norwizi. Chultyn Gol ane zvikuru yekare neolithic mifananidzo pasi kudzivirira UNESCO.

Uyewo ari pamusoro 10 yakanakisisa Mongolian zvinokwezva angasanganisira zvinotevera:

- yakakurumbira Bell Worugare, riri Ulaanbaatar;

- Grand Mausoleum pamusoro Sukhbaatar (uyewo muguta guru);

- Khan pamuzinda pamwechete zvenzombe Tara (mwarikadzi) mu akanaka guru kuMongolia ;

- Gandan Monastery.

tsika nemagariro

Mongolia - Republic, tsika uye tsika iri mupfumi uye zvakasiyana-siyana. MuArabhu kwemazana emakore Vaidzungaira murenje steppes Central Asia, uye akaramba kuchinja dzimwe tsika. July ose muMongolia vaipemberera Nadd mutambo pamwe zvetsika Mongolian makwikwi mu mujaho, kubaya uye rwisana; vakapemberera kuguma yechando uye pakasvika nguva New Year - saizvozvowo makwikwi.

mitambo Various inoitwa Mongolia: kundovhima zvapungu; Yak uye ngamera.

Mukupedzisira, upfumi

Mongolia zvoupfumi simba kukura uye ndiyo imwe vaizotibata zvikuru misika iri kuchamhembe Asia, uye akapotsa zvose pamusoro Asia-Pacific nharaunda.